STM32 Firmware Debug Study

Leave a reply

Posted 10 November 2024

Last month I tried ‘Klipperizing’ my Flashforge Creator Pro 2 (FFCP2) IDEX 3D printer, and it was an unmitigated disaster. After uploading the Klipper firmware, the printer refused to boot up, and I eventually I had to buy and install a new motherboard to regain functionality. Since then I have discovered that my original motherboard seems to be undamaged, but I can’t get it to boot into the FFCP2 firmware.

So, I have embarked on a quest to figure out how to restore FFCP2 functionality to my original STM32-based FFCP2 motherboard.

I started on this journey with one of the ‘blue pill’ devices I happened to have in my parts drawer. They are generally based on the STM32F1 series, so hopefully not different enough from the STM32F407 to matter.

To start with, I connected up my laptop to the ‘blue pill’ board using a ST-LINK clone and was able to program it via VS2022/VsMicro with the ST-LINK upload option selected, as shown in the following screenshot (note – this was done with the ‘blue pill’ jumpers set as shown in this photo):

And here is part of the ‘verbose’ build output:

I also tried some of the different upload modes advertised in the vMicro menu, as shown in the following conversation from the vMicro forum:

After receiving this input, I installed the JRE, confirmed it was actually there, and then tried the ‘STM32DuinoBootloader’ option again using the USB connector. It still failed, with the output shown below:

After passing this along, it was suggested I try this trick again, but after launching VS2022 in ‘Administrator’ mode. This made no difference – got the same error.

After some more thought and discussion, I came to the conclusion that the reason this was failing is because the ‘blue pill’ devices don’t have any (or at least, the proper) bootloader installed. This situation is discussed here, and also here

As an experiment, I changed the jumper back to the default location (same side for both jumpers) and tried again – same (bad) result.

After this, I also tried the ‘HID Bootloader 2.0’ upload method, also using the USB connector. It failed, with the following output:

This all led me to believe that my ‘blue pill’ devices either have no bootloader loaded, or have the wrong version.

Back to the books. From the original vMicro forum reply I went to their ‘STMicroelectronics STM32 Overview‘ page, and from there to the stm32duinio ‘Arduino_Core_STM32‘ and Serasidis ‘STM_32_HID_Bootloader‘ github sites.

Upload methods site:

I had real trouble understanding correlating the information on this site with my observations when working with my ‘blue pill’ devices. Apparently when I was able to program the device with the ST-LINK adaptor I was using the ‘SWD’ method, described on the Overview site as:

12 November 2024 Update:

Based on what I have learned so far, STM32* MCU’s aren’t naturally compatible with the Arduino ecosystem. However, there are several workarounds that allow Arduino programs to work on STM32 devices. There apparently are at least two hardware-facilitated methods for uploading Arduino programs to STM32 devices; one is by using a ST-LINK device (STM or ‘clone’) connected to a ‘SoftWare Debug’ (SWD) port if one is available, and another is by using a FTDI(Future Technology Devices International) USB-Serial adapter device connected to a MCU serial port.

FTDI device connects to MCU serial port
ST-LINK device connect to MCU ‘SWD’ port

In addition to the ‘hardware-facilitated’ workarounds, there are at least two different software implementations that allow Arduino programs to be uploaded via the USB port. Both of these require that a ‘bootloader’ be installed into the STM32* MCU. One implementation is the ‘Maple’ bootloader, which comes in two flavors – the ‘original Maple bootloader’ and a modification of the original Maple bootloader called ‘STM32duino-bootloader’, or ‘bootloader 2.0’.

Serial Adaptor Method

The FTDI (serial adaptor) method requires that the STM32* MCU be restarted in ‘native bootloader’ mode before attempting to program the device. This is accomplished (in the case of ‘blue pill’ devices) by moving the BOOT0 jumper from the ‘1’ setting to the ‘0’ setting, as shown below, and then pressing and releasing the RESET button:

Then the program can be uploaded via the Arduino IDE (in my case I’m using the Visual Studio 2022 Visual Micro extension for Arduino, so my ‘look and feel’ will be different).

I found a really good tutorial for this ‘serial’ mode here. It was created in 2018, so it is a bit out of date with respect to the state of development of arduino-compatible bootloaders allowing program upload via USB, but is by far the clearest, most readable treatment of FTDI-based serial adaptor program uploads. I copied the wiring diagram shown below from this tutorial, in case it goes away at some point:

The process for upload using Arduino and a serial adaptor for program upload described here assumes you have the Arduino IDE installed and have the STM32 family of boards installed in the Arduino IDE. The procedure for installing the board information varies depending on the Arduino IDE version (I’m using Arduino 2 with the Visual Micro extension to Visual Studion 2022).

  • Wire up the blue pill in accordance with the above diagram, and connect a USB cable from the adaptor to your PC. Note the port number associated with this connection
  • Select the ‘serial’ upload method and the port number from above, as shown in the screenshot below
  • Move the blue pill BOOT0 jumper from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and press/release the RESET button. This places the MCU in ‘Program’ mode using the built-in uploader.
  • Compile/Upload the desired Arduino program. I strongly suggest you start with a simple ‘blink’ program. You should see the upload progress from 0 to 100%. If you don’t see upload progress, you have something wrong.
  • Move the BOOT0 jumper from ‘1’ back to ‘0’ and press/release RESET. Moving the jumper places the MCU back in ‘user’ mode and pressing/releasing RESET will start your user program running. Note that in my experience, the user program will start right away, even with the BOOT0 jumper in the ‘1’ position, but you must actually move the jumper or the next time you cycle power or press/release the RESET button the MCU will come back up in ‘Program’ mode and your user program will not run.
‘Serial’ upload method and ‘COM15’ selected for program upload

The output from a successful compile/upload cycle is shown below:

13 November 2024 Update:

OK, now I have learned how to upload Arduino programs to my ‘blue pill’ STMF103C -based boards. I can program it using an ST-LINK adaptor, and I can program it using a FTDI serial adaptor. Both of these options rely on STMicro’s internal bootloader to transfer a program binary to flash memory.

After successfully programming both my ‘blue pill’ devices, I decided to try my luck with my 3D printer motherboard. This board has both serial (UART) and SWD (ST-LINK) connectors, and I chose the SWD connector option. My first try at this failed, at which point I used vMicro’s Visual Micro Explorer to check for a STM32F40xx board selection, found the ‘STM32F4xx’ selection, and installed it.

This then shows up as ‘STM32 Discovery F407’ in the board selection entry field.

With this configuration, I was able to program a variation on my blue pill ‘blink’ program to direct a square wave to the buzzer on the motherboard. Amazingly, this worked like a champ, proving that my motherboard has not been bricked at all – Yay!!

Here’s the compiler/uploader output:

Looking through the above output, I realized that this line:

which points to ‘stlink_upload.bat’ shown below:

Is where ‘all the magic’ happens. After the user program is compiled into a binary (in this case ‘BluePill.ino.bin’) this file is passed to an open-source version of STM32’s ST-LINK program, which then writes the binary file to STM32 flash memory starting at location 0x8000000.

I think this means that I could just as easily use ST-LINK on my PC to upload BluePill.ino.bin to 0x8000000.

YESSSSS! Using STM’s ST-LINK on my laptop (for some reason I can’t get STM32CubeProgrammer to work) I uploaded BluePill.ino.bin to the FFCP2 board, and it worked!

Next, I tried uploading the original FFCP2 firmware onto the device, hoping that I would then have *two* working FFCP2 motherboards. Unfortunately, although the upload succeeded, and I was able to verify that the contents of the MCU’s flash memory were identical to the binary file I got from FlashForge Tech support, I saw no indication that the program was actually running (even though no actual printer hardware was connected, I had expected that at least the display and the buzzer would be active).

Alas, now I can no longer connect to the board using ST-LINK 🙁 I fear my journey is over, and not in a good way 🙁🙁🙁🙁

Starting Over with Windows 11

Leave a reply

posted 04 August 2024

I recently purchased a new Dell XPS15-9530 with Windows 11 installed, and I have spent the time since that purchase trying to get Windows 11 to work like I want it to, and Windows 11 has spent that same amount of time trying to get me to work like it wants me to – GRRR!

Here are some of the things I want to change from the basic Win 11 Home package I received.

  • Win 11 photo viewer sucks, and the photo viewer from Office 2010 rocks. In the old viewer, I can move from photo to photo with left and right arrows, and I can manipulate the photo multiple photos at the same time.
  • The right-click context menu in the file explorer view now has multiple pages of context menu items, most of which aren’t useful. The ‘preview’ option, which I use a lot, is buried at the bottom of the second page
  • Win 11 insists on storing my files in the ‘OneDrive’ (cloud) folder, and I hate that. Even if I ‘unlink’ my PC from ‘OneDrive’, it still tries to put stuff on the cloud – grr. See this link for information on how to adjust this
  • I now have multiple ‘Documents’ folders with multiple icons, and none of them point to my Documents folder.
  • Win 11 insists on using the first 5 characters of my email address as the name of the primary user folder (‘C:\users\[primary user name]’) and I want it use my first name for this. See this link for some information on this. Also, this link seems to imply that I might be able to ‘change my primary alias’ in my Microsoft account, (which might then change the default user account?). I was able to create a fake Outlook account (Frankabcede@outlook.com) and (although I didn’t do it this time) make it the primary alias. In theory, if I do this and then start over with Windows 11, I should wind up with ‘Frank’ as my default user account, and C:\users\Frank as my default user folder.
  • Win 11 insists on saving screenshots taken with Shift-Windows-S key combination to a screenshots folder in C:\Users\paynt\OneDrive\Pictures\Screenshots, even though I have unlinked my PC from OneDrive.
  • The private LAN connection between my old and new PC’s seems to come and go with the wind. At one point I got it working by setting it to ‘not use passwords’ or something like that.

So, for the nth time, I’m starting over, and this time I plan to document all the steps, so when I have to do this again (on the Nth+1 redo), I’ll have a little bit better roadmap. To prepare for the ‘redo’, I printed out the list of apps currently installed on the new PC, as shown in the screenshot below:

4 August 2024 list of apps on new Win 11 PC

When I look at the ‘Home’ file explorer display on my old PC, I see the following:

‘Home’ display on my old PC

Which shows that Downloads, Pictures, Videos, Desktop, Music and ‘Documents’ have ‘Stored Locally’ shown – so apparently, I got that done correctly on my old PC. When I do the same thing on my new PC, I get the following:

‘Home’ display on new PC

Resetting to factory defaults while keeping personal files:

I followed the steps shown in this link to restore to factory defaults while keeping personal files intact. Unfortunately when it came back up again, it still had ‘C:\users\paynt’ as the default folder, along with another one labelled Frank.Frank_9350, wherever the heck that came from.

Trying again, but this time I chose the option to download the OS from the web rather than restoring from a local copy.

This didn’t work either, so I elected to reset from web download, including ditching all my files and accounts (everything is backed up on my NAS, so shouldn’t be an issue).

On this run-through, I opted to not restore from my previous PC, instead opting to ‘set up as a new PC’. We’ll see how this goes. Also, I used my new ‘Frank_Paynter@outlook.com’ as my email address for my Microsoft account. Hopefully that will result in ‘C:\users\Frank’ (first 5 characters of email address) as my default user folder

Decided to skip ‘Let’s customize your experience’ and ‘Use your phone from your PC’. Accepted ‘Always have access to your recent browsing data’, skipped PC Game Pass, and then it went into updates.

Success! (with a small ‘S’). The default user folder is named ‘Frank’ instead of ‘paynt’, and there is only one of them. Also, Desktop, Downloads, Documents, Music, and Videos are ‘Stored Locally’. Unfortunately, ‘Pictures’ are still stored on OneDrive.

So, I found this:

How do I Unsync a picture folder from OneDrive?

Open OneDrive settings (select the OneDrive cloud icon in your notification area, and then select the OneDrive Help and Settings icon then Settings.) Go to the Account tab. Select Choose folders. In the Choose Folders dialog box, uncheck any folders you don’t want to sync to your computer and select OK.

And UNchecked all the folders. The first time I tried this, I couldn’t UNcheck the pictures folder, and there was a message “we are unable to stop synching some folders” After I searched on this, I found another page that said:

May 11, 2021 — Can’t stop syncing folder · Right-click OneDrive blue cloud icon in the system try, click Settings. · Go to Backup tab and click Manage Backup.

So, I did that and told Windows to stop backing up any folders to OneDrive. Then I was able to UNcheck the pictures folder (and all the other ones too), so hopefully I am almost fully weaned from OneDrive at this point. Curiously, when I went back to the ‘Choose Folders’ page to verify that everything was still UNchecked, it took a while (a minute or two) for the page to come up. When it did, however, everything was still UNchecked – Yay!

And, another success! When I took a screengrab of the ‘Choose Folders’ page, the storage location turned out to be “C:\Users\Frank\Pictures\Screenshots” – Yay Yay! I also confirmed it’s not actually necessary to bring the screengrab up to center screen and select ‘Save’, as screengrabs are automatically saved to the above folder – Yay Yay Yay!

Next, I unlinked this PC from OneDrive, using the procedure below:

To unlink your OneDrive account from a PC, you can do the following:

  1. Select the OneDrive cloud in your notification area to open the OneDrive pop-up
  2. Select the OneDrive Help and Settings icon
  3. Select Settings
  4. Go to the Account tab
  5. Select Unlink this PC

This actually worked, and now the OneDrive (cloud) icon has disappeared from the left side of File Explorer entirely – Yay Yay Yay Yay!

Windows 11 Pink Border on File Explorer

Apparently, Windows 11 has a weird sense of humor, as I have found that the border of the file explorer (and maybe others) dialog box is colored pink when it is selected, and gray when it isn’t. I hate the pink color, and naturally (because Windows 11) it can’t be changed! I found this page, where it says:

Windows 11 File Explorer uses Mica effect in the titlebar and toolbar and that’s why we can’t set any color in the titlebar using Personalization settings. In Windows 10, we could set any color in File Explorer’s titlebar by changing the accent color in Personalization settings. So, following the steps on this page, I downloaded ExplorerPatcher and tried to use it to get rid of the pink border around file explorer windows, but either windows 11 or ExplorerPatcher has changed, as this trick didn’t work -Rats!

Among other posts on the i-net, I found this one complaining about ‘pink everywhere’. The response by a ‘Microsoft expert’ contained a link to a ‘known problem in win 11’, bu the link is broken. Otherwise there was a long dissertation about display drivers (which I ignored because I haven’t changed the drivers on my laptop and they worked fine with the original win 11 install).

Finally, while just randomly changing things on the color settings dialog, I switched the ‘Transparency effects’ OFF, and voila! The pink border around file explorer windows was removed! Halleluiah! Here’s a screenshot of this particular dialog with the ‘Transparency effects’ switch highlighted:

File Sharing on Local Network:

Before I reset my new laptop, I had file sharing (somewhat) working between my new laptop, my old laptop, and my wife’s laptop, so I was hopeful that I could get it working again. In ‘Advanced Network settings’ I enabled ‘Network discovery’ and ‘File and printer sharing’ for private networks (and disabled them for public ones). I also disabled the ‘Password protected sharing’ option and enabled ‘Public folder sharing’. Here’s a screenshot of the setup:

New laptop sharing setup

Then I verified the above settings were the same for my old laptop (they were). In File Explorer I navigated to the C:\Users\Frank\Documents folder and in ‘Advanced Network Settings’ set it to share with full control by ‘Everyone’ as shown below:

Then I did the same thing with C:\Users\Public.

When I went back to my old laptop to verify sharing, I noticed that that the ‘Documents’ folder wasn’t shared, but the ‘Public’ folder was properly shared with full control for ‘Everyone’. That might explain why I was having problems with local network sharing before. In any case, I set up sharing for ‘Documents’ and ‘Public’ the same as the new laptop. Then I restarted both laptops.

When the laptops came back up, I double-clicked the network icon on both. On my old laptop I could see the NAS and Jo’s laptop, but not my new one. When I did the same on the new laptop, I couldn’t see any other devices, but there was a popup message at the top of the explorer window to the effect that network discovery had not been turned on, and to ‘click here’ to do so. I clicked, and after that I could see all the devices on my local network. I’m not sure why this happened, as I was sure I had already enabled network sharing, as shown in the ‘Advanced Network Settings – Advanced Sharing Settings’ screenshot above (maybe I didn’t click on OK?).

So, after rebooting both laptops, I can access folders on my new laptop from my old laptop, but not the other way around. I successfully copied a ~2MB folder from old to new Documents folders, but I can’t go the other way – strange. I worked through a ton of potential fixes for this, all without success. So, I’ve decided to bend to the inevitable and just go with the flow here.

Applications:

Windows Office – installed OK

Upgrade to Win 11 Pro – Per advice from CoPilot, navigated to Settings->System->Activation->Change Product Key -> Click on ‘Change’ -> enter generic Windows 11 Pro product key (VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T), and clicked OK. That was all there was to it. First time I’ve actually benefited from AI!

Activate Application Guard: Done

AJC Active Backup & AJCSync4: Done

Arduino & Teensyduino: According to this Teensy page, I Installed Arduino IDE 2.3.2, copied in the URL, and then installed teensy-specific software as described. Everything seemed to go well, with last line of log = ‘Platform teensy:avr@1.59.0 installed‘

Bridge Composer: Downloaded the 30-day trial, Installed and activated using emailed activation key

CopyTransControlCenter/CopyTransPhoto: For uploading videos from wife’s iphone – Done

DipTrace non-professional Standard License: Done

Movavi Video Editor 2024: Installed and activated using emailed activation key, but I don’t like the dark background – fix later

Notepad++: Done

P-touch Editor: Done

Prusa Slicer 2.8.0: Done

TeraTerm: Done

TrackIR5: Tried to install but was stopped by McAfee. Uninstalled McAfee – Done

Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition: Done

Wixel Configuration Utility: Done

Get Legacy Office Photo Viewer Back:

This site has the procedure for getting the old photo viewer back as a stand-alone app. Following the link to this site, I downloaded Microsoft SharePoint 2010 installer and launched it. Then I selected ‘Customize’. Then I set all options to ‘Not available’ except for ‘Microsoft Office Picture Manager’, which I set for ‘Run from My Computer’ (see screengrab below).

All options except ‘Microsoft Office Picture Manager’ set to ‘Not Available’

Then I clicked on ‘Install Now’ to install Picture Manager as a stand-alone app.

The next step is to restore the ‘Preview’ context menu option for photos. I found this site:

Procedure for restoring ‘Preview’ option to context menu for photos

However, I found that ‘Default Apps’ had been moved to Settings -> Apps -> Default apps. From there select ‘Photos’, and then set’ Microsoft Office 2010′ as the default app for each photo extension (.jpeg, .jpg, .png). This worked great – and as promised, the ‘Preview’ option appeared on the context menu (unfortunately it appeared on the ‘second page’ so you have to first select ‘Show more options’ to see it).

Restore Windows 10 context menu with ‘Preview’ item near top:

Now that I have the old Office Photo Manager back, the next trick is to move the ‘Preview’ context menu item to the ‘front’ page of the context menu. After some research, it appears that the easiest way to do this is to simply restore the Windows 10 context menu style. This involves adding a key to the registry. There are a number of ‘HowTo’ videos on this – pick one. After editing the registry, this is my new context menu for photos:

Windows 10 context menu, with ‘Preview’ 3rd from top

End Game:

At this point I think I have things pretty well recovered, without all the crap about multiple ‘Document’ folders and wrong-named user folders. I’ll let this play out for a while and make any other adjustments as necessary. Hopefully I can now settle into my new laptop without cringing every time it opens a File Explorer window

Stay Tuned,

Frank

Untangling gl_Left/Rightspeednum global/local variables

Leave a reply

Posted 30 May 2024

While looking through the code for another reason, I discovered that I have committed the mortal sins of using the same name for a global variable, a local variable and a function definition parameter. Originally I defined global variables gl_Leftspeednum & gl_Rightspeednum thusly:

But then some years later in my code I see:

They’re everywhere! yikes!

So, what to do? The original (bad) idea was to have these variables ‘global’ so any part of the code could ‘see’ the current motor speeds. This was BAD because that also meant that any part of the code could change the motor speed (even if it shouldn’t) , and figuring out who did that would be a nightmare. This is where I should have started thinking about building a ‘motor’ class to hide all this – but I didn’t, so….

Also, using a global symbol name in a function definition is at least moronic if not suicidally stupid – does that overwrite the original declaration? To add insult to injury, the function definitions above use ‘int’ as the type rather than ‘uint_16’, so does that mean that motor speed can be negative, but just inside that function – ouch, my head hurts!

Alright – since I didn’t do the right thing and encapsulate this stuff in a motor class, and I don’t want to have to rewrite the entire 7K+ line program (at least not yet), I need to figure out a short-term non-idiotic fix (or maybe just close my eyes and have another beer?)

OK, so the functions involved in this debacle are:

  • void SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed)
  • void SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed)
  • void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
  • RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed)
  • void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF)
  • void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
  • void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
  • void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

SetLeft/RightMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed):

This declaration should probably be (bool, uint16_t) as negative speed values aren’t allowed. I changed the speed declaration from ‘int’ to ‘uint16_t’ and the program still compiles OK. The ‘speed’ argument gets passed to ‘AnalogWrite’ which is declared as AnalogWrite(int pin, int value).

RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

RunBothMotors() is called just once in the code, by RunBothMotorsMsec(). RunBothMotorsMsec() in turn is called just four times – three times by HandleExcessSteervalCase() and once by RunToDaylight(). In all four cases the speed arguments are positive constant integers <= 1000 (Teensy analog output resolution is set at 12 bits –>4096). It looks like RunBothMotors() and RunBothMotorsMsec() should declare their speed arguments to be uint16_t

RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed)

RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed) just calls SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed() however, the speed arguments can be positive or negative, so the ‘int’ declaration is required in this case. The sign of the speed input argument is converted to the appropriate direction flag value and a negative input speed is converted to a positive value for the SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed() call.

RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

All this function does is call RunBothMotors(), then delay for the requested amount of time, then stop the motors. Note that RunBothMotors() does not check the speed arguments for range or sign.

MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

MoveReverse() is used extensively in ‘CheckForUserInput()’, but only twice elsewhere ( both times in IRHomeToChgStn()).

MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

Similar to MoveReverse(), but used more outside ‘CheckForUserInput()’. Once in ExecuteRearObstacleRecovery(), once in TrackLeftWallOffset(), once in TrackRightWallOffset(), once in IRHomeToChgStnNoPings(), once in IRHomeToChgStnNoPingsPID(), twice in IRHomeToChgStn().

int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum:

These symbols are everywhere in the code, in a global variable declaration, in the signature of many of the motor functions, and in the code itself as local variables in the functions that have those symbols in the signature.

As an experiment I commented the global uint16_t definitions out and re-compiled. I got a bunch of ‘was not declared in this scope’ errors, but they were all like the following snippit:

in the above code a local int16_t variable is declared because the result could be negative. Then the local variables are constrained into the range (0-255) and then loaded into the gl_Left/Rightspeednum global vars, and also passed to MoveAhead(). This only occurs in the two TrackLeft/RightWallOffset() functions.

gl_Left/Rightspeednum global vars are also used in the ‘OutputTelemetryLine()’ function

So it looks like the usage in the above snippet is actually OK. The global vars wind up being loaded with the latest left/right speed values just before those values are sent to the motor driver. The usage in the telemetry output functions are also OK, as they just print the current left/right speed value

gl_Left/Rightspeednum used in function declarations:

I re-educated myself on the fact that formal function declarations don’t actually need parameter names – just the type declarations, so:

could just as easily be written:

so maybe my use of the gl_Left/Rightspeednum names for these parameters wasn’t quite so scary bad as I thought. Still, defining the same symbol name in two different contexts as two different types (uint16_t and int) is demonstrably a bad idea, even if one of the symbol usages is ignored by the compiler (after all, this usage is what resulted in my current freakout). I changed these to ‘uint16_t leftspeednum’ and ‘uint16_t rightspeednum, in both the formal declaration at the top of the program (reqd for default parameter declaration) and the ‘inline’ declaration.

I wound up changing the following lines:

In addition, there are a number of places where the output from the PIDCalcs() function is added to or subtracted from the current speed to produce the next speed value, but the initial adjustment is to a ‘uint16_t’ variable. This is problematic because the initial adjustment can result in a negative value being loaded into a uint16_t variable, with unexpected (if still well-defined) behavior. The fix for this is to change the type of the ‘local’ variable to ‘int’ vs ‘uint16_t’ to accommodate the potential for negative values, and only load the result into the global ‘uint16_t’ variable when it is certain the result is positive. This resulted in the following changes:

After all these edits, the program still compiles cleanly. As to whether or not it behaves cleanly, that is still a very open questions. Only time will tell!

Stay tuned,

Frank

Python Script for Challenging Invalid Voter Registrations

Leave a reply

Posted 31 May 2024

The folks at TrueTheVote.org (the organization that used cellphone geotracking to expose widespread voter fraud during the 2020 election) put together a database to expose huge numbers of invalid voter registrations across the country. Most of these invalid registrations are due to the voter having moved out of their original voting district/county, but not removed by the responsible election board. While this seems pretty innocuous (and was, in earlier, less troubled times), this now represents a huge opportunity for fraud in the upcoming 2024 election.

Although the TTV folks have the data, they can’t do much about it without the help of concerned citizens who actually vote in those regions because local laws require that any voter challenge be raised by a voting citizen in that particular region.

So, TTV generated a website called ‘IV3’ which allows concerned citizens from anywhere in the U.S. to create an account and query the IV3 database for problematic voter registration records for their voting district/county. For instance, I live and vote in Franklin county, Ohio and my page on the IV3 site looks like this:

If I click on ‘View Active’, I get a page displaying the first record that matches the criteria, i.e. a voter still registered in Franklin county but who has since moved to an address outside of the County, as shown below:

If I want to challenge this voter’s registration in Franklin county, I would click on ‘Challenge this record’, which would display ‘Cancel’ and ‘Submit’ buttons as shown below:

Clicking on the ‘Submit’ button would remove the record from the ‘Active’ list and place it on the ‘Challenged’ list, which could then be exported in .CSV format for submission to the Franklin county board of elections.

It sometimes takes more than 100 seconds for the site to display a new record after each challenge submission, so this gets old pretty fast. After several days of plugging along while working on other things, I had managed to challenge about 600 records from the more than 42,000, a mere ‘drop in the bucket’. So, I started to wonder if I might be able to automate this a bit with a Python script; a web-bot of sorts.

After some research, I discovered a web-page automation API called ‘Selenium’ that could be called from a Python script, so I started learning how to use Selenium to do what I wanted. After the usual number of mistakes and appeals to StackOverflow for guidance, I got a working Python script together, as shown below:

Note that in order to use this script, you must have Python3 and the Selenium extension installed on your computer.

Even though I used ‘FranklinCountyOhioChallenges’ as the name of the main function, this script should be usable for any other location (or you can simply change the name, as long as the two occurrences in the script have identical names).

After getting the script working, I can now run the script to challenge any number of voters with a very simple command, as shown below:

On my windows system (and I’m pretty sure this holds for **nux systems as well) all I have to do to run another batch of the same size is to click on the ‘up-arrow’ button once and then hit ‘Return’. If a different batch size is desired, it’s ‘up-arrow’, edit the batch size, then ‘Return’.

I have found that doing a batch size of 100 takes about 90 minutes, so I can do several of these during the day while working on other things, and then I generally do a batch of 500 overnight. This allows me to do at least 1000 or so each day, so it will still take me around 42 days to challenge all the 42K or so registered voters who have moved out of the county. Your mileage may vary, of course :).

Each time I get a thousand or so challenges done, I click on the ‘View My Challenges’ button on the main page, and then on the ‘Export’ button as shown below, to download the challenges into a .CSV file that is directly readable in Excel (or any other modern spreadsheet program). I then use Excel to print out the entire batch (using Portrait mode and scaling to ‘fit all columns on one page’). Then I fill out and sign the cover form required by the Franklin County Board of Elections, attach the printed out challenge records, and physically submit the form and data to the BOE. As courtesy I also email the .CSV file to the responsible officer there, and so far they seem to appreciate the effort.

22 June 2024 Update:

My script started failing on me a few days ago, and I couldn’t see why. After using the issue as my ‘going to sleep puzzle’, I realized I could go back to my old manual process and see if it worked. If it did, then something in my script was bad. If it failed, then something had changed on the iv3 website.

As it turned out, IV3 had added a new ‘View Moved and Registered’ button, and moved all the qualifying records (which, it turned out, was all of them) into the new database. So, when I clicked on my normal ‘View Active’ button, I got ‘No Records Found’, which of course also killed my script :(.

So, the fix was to direct my script to the new button instead, and then all was well. I have updated the above script to the new version.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Improved Pill/Caplet Dispenser

Leave a reply

Almost three years ago I designed and fabricated some pill/caplet dispensers for the half-dozen or so prescription meds I have managed to accumulate over the last decade or so. A while ago, one of my prescriptions changed its tablet to a much smaller size, so I decided to update my design while fabricating a replacement dispenser.

Between the last project and this one I’ve been playing with OnShape, a web-based 3D CAD package, so I thought I would use it to see if I could do better than last time. I really like OnShape because it uses a 2D ‘sketch’ based design philosophy, which makes tweaks and/or modifications much easier – change a few 2D sketches, and the entire design changes along with it.

The previous design implemented a smooth collar that was a press-fit for the pill bottle cap which turned out to be kind of clunky. This time I thought I might try implementing internal threads on the collar so instead of a press fit it would simply screw on like the original cap, and I discovered that a ‘ThreadCreator’ extension existed for OnShape – neat!

So, I worked my way through the process, and came up with the following design, available to anyone with a free OnShape account

This design has internal threads for a 37mm cap with the standard 4.7mm thread pitch, so it will screw directly onto the pill bottle, ‘eliminating the middleman’. Here are some photos of the finished product:

And here is a short video showing the dispenser in action:

10 June 2024 Update:

Last night I attempted run two more prints of this model, as I have two additional pill bottles of the same diameter with older pill dispensers, but the prints failed catastrophically – bummer! I rounded up the usual suspects (bed temp, model arrangement, Z-axis tuning, etc, and finally managed to get another print going, at least through the raft and first few layers. After bitching and moaning about this for a while, it occurred to me that if I had documented the layout and settings more aggressively from the first print, I wouldn’t have wasted all those hours last night and today. So, once I’m sure I have a consistent print configuration, I will document it here.

I got a good print with the following settings:

  • Flashforge Creator PRO II ID
  • Left Extruder – Red PETG, 240C, 80C Bed
  • Right Extruder AquaSys120 240C, 80C Bed
  • 2-layer raft using support filament (AquaSys120)

See the following images for the full setup:

After a 3-hour side-trip into the guts of the Flashforge to clear an extruder jam, I was able to get the second print underway. As I write this it is about 6% finished, but all the way through all the support material parts (so it should finish OK).

17 June 2024 Update:

Not so fast! I realized that the threaded portion of the dispenser cap, while functional, was very poorly printed due to the lack of supports (and, as I found out later, also due to the resolution setting). In addition, the side walls of the V7 slide box were too thin and broke apart easily. After modifying the design, I attempted another print using the above settings, but the PVA dissolvable filament simply refused to stick to the print bed – arrrrrgggggghhhhh!

After going through the whole extruder & bed temperature search routine again yesterday, including replacing the heated bet PEI layer and even putting down blue painter’s tape with no success, I was perusing google-space for clues and kept running across reports where dehumidifying the PVA filament worked. I didn’t see how that would help me, as we control the relative humidity in our house to about 50% +/-, but hey, what did I have to lose at this point?

So, before going to bed I dug out my filament dehumidifier rig and left my filament in it overnight (and until about noon the next day for a little over 12 hours). Then I tried some prints and although not successful at first, the results were encouraging. I finally got two really good prints with the following setup:

  • Slicer resolution: ‘0.15m OPTIMAL’ setting in Prusa Slicer
  • Right (PVA) extruder: 220C
  • Left (PETG) extruder: 240C (this was constant throughout)
  • Bed: 40C
  • Layer of blue painter’s tape on top of the PEI substrate

So, I think the big takeaway from this episode is: PVA must be explicitly dehumidified BEFORE each print session. Otherwise the PVA will not stick to the print bed, no matter what you do.

Stay tuned,

Frank

07 July 2024 Update:

After getting the threaded pill bottle dispenser cap working, I decided to try my luck with my two 57mm twist-lock pill bottles. The twist-lock cap geometry was considerably harder to design. Rather than trying to design and print everything as one piece, I decided to separate the dispenser piece from the cap mating piece, as shown below:

Bottle Cap Mating Ring
Pill Dispenser body and slide
All three pieces together. Note that the cap mating ring fits into the dispenser body

Fix for Inadvertent Crimson Trace Laser Activation with M&P Bodyguard 380 in ‘Sticky’ Holster

Leave a reply

Posted 05 May 2024

My daily carry pistol is the M&P Bodyguard 380 in a ‘Sticky’ brand Holster, as shown below:

I carry this in my jeans front pocket, and it works great. I regularly practice smoothly drawing the pistol, activating the Crimson Trace laser, and getting the gun on target. Unfortunately after a year or so of use I started seeing occurrences where the laser wouldn’t activate, and investigation showed that the laser battery was dead. The first time this happened I just wrote it off to the normal battery life, but the second and third times were definitely too close together to be a battery life issue. I finally figured out that the laser was being inadvertently activated in the holster – clearly not a good solution. The good news is, it made me more determined than ever to not count on the laser. Now I practice with and without the laser (although I much prefer the ‘with’ scenario).

Thinking about the problem, I inferred that the ‘Sticky’ holster, when new, comparatively stiffer when new than after hundreds of cycles of inserting and removing it from my jeans pocket, and of course hundreds of dry-fire draw and shoot repetitions. Eventually the holster gets pliable enough so the normal inward pressure from my jeans pocket is enough to activate the laser at some point (and once is enough, as once activated it will probably stay ON until battery exhaustion). As you might imagine, replacing the battery in the laser module is a major PITA, as the pistol itself must be disassembled, and then the laser module removed to access the battery. Then the procedure must be run in reverse to re-assemble everything, and now the laser alignment must be checked and adjusted as necessary (another major PITA).

Thinking about solutions, I contemplated 3D-printing a holster insert that would replace the original holster stiffness (and I might still do this). However, I was struck by the idea that the real solution to the holster material pressing in on the laser activation button is to remove the holster material around the button; then the holster material thickness becomes an additional guard around the button. Instead of being the culprit, it now becomes the solution – cool! Here’s another photo showing the ‘Sticky’ holster with a (unfortunately crude) hold around the pistol’s laser button:

‘Sticky’ holster with material over laser activation button removed

After – once again – replacing the laser battery, I plan to run with this setup for a while and see how long the laser batteries last this time.

17 July 2024 Upate:

From May of this year until now I had no problem with laser battery life, but yesterday I found the batteries low/dead again. This indicated I was still getting inadvertent laser activation even with the laser button cutouts shown above. So, I decided to see if I could improve on the design a bit.

I went into OnShape, my 3D design tool of choice, and designed a hollow ‘holster bump’ as shown in the screenshot below:

The idea, as shown below, is to protect the laser activation button on each side of the gun, so it can’t be activated when in the holster

I then used hot glue to affix them temporarily to the gun to confirm their positions coincided with the holes I had previously mad in the holster. After this, I glued the bumps into the holes with superglue. We’ll see how this works.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Printing NY Times Crossword Puzzles Using Across Lite & AutoIt Script

Leave a reply

Posted 05 May 2024

I and my wife are crossword puzzle addicts. To feed our habits, I signed up for the NY Times crossword puzzle archives and downloaded the Friday, Saturday and Sunday puzzles (the Mon-Thurs puzzles were too easy) for each week between January 2015 and December 2022.

Originally I would print out a puzzle as required by opening/printing the puzzle file using Across Lite, but this got old in a hurry. So, I decided I would create a program to automagically print an entire folder’s worth of puzzles in ‘batch mode’ utilizing two-sided printing – yay! Looking around for the best/easiest way to accomplish this, I ran across an application called ‘AutoIt’, specifically created as a shell-script generator to run Windows (or Mac) applications and system functions.

It took a while to work my way through the command reference and examples, but eventually I was able to create an AutoIt shell script to do what I wanted; The script prompts the user for a directory containing Across Lite *.puz files, and offers to print them all in equal N-puzzle batches, thereby allowing the user to print a batch and then move the printed puzzles from the output tray to the input tray for a double-sided result.

This worked great, with the only downside being that the user’s PC cannot be used for anything else while the script is running, as it grabs the mouse cursor to launch Across Lite and print the current .puz file.

Here’s the script, as it stands now in May of 2024 (saved on my system as C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Personal\Crosswords\Print Pending\240504 PUZ Print Script.au3):

And here is the output log for printing the contents of the ‘C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Personal\Crosswords\Print Pending\2015’ folder containing 156 puzzle files, printed in four batches of 39 files each:

Return of the Robot – sort of

Leave a reply

After some time away from my autonomous wall-following robot, I have started spending time with it again. The first thing that happened was I tried a long-term run in my home, only to find that the ‘mirrored-surface’ feature I added some time ago caused the robot to enter an infinite loop, even when encountering a non-mirrored surface – oops! This eventuality was such a bummer that I stopped working with the robot for several months.

When I worked up the courage to address the problem, the first thing I did was to back out the ‘mirrored-surface’ code, reverting back to the state of affairs represented by the ‘WallE3_QuickSort_V5.ino’ Arduino project. This required quite a bit more work than I had anticipated; I had thought my process of incremental builds would shield me from that – NOT! Eventually I was able to use some ‘diff’ tools to work my way through the process.

After getting the code squared away without the ‘mirrored surface’ code, I decided to take my robot out for a walk – well actually it was the robot taking me for a walk ‘in’ for a walk around the house. Here’s a link to the (not-so-short) video showing the action. I have included this as a link to the video file on my Google Drive site, because it’s too long to fit on my WordPress blog page.

Hearing Aid AGC Testing

Leave a reply

Posted 11 March 2023,

I have been wearing hearing aids for quite some time, compliments of a lifetime around airplanes, long before hearing protection became a thing. I recently got a set of Jabra ‘Enhance 200’ aids via direct order, and I like them very much, EXCEPT I have noticed that my perceived hearing acuity seems to vary quite distinctly over a period of a minute or two. I first noticed this when I would turn on a water tap while washing dishes or preparing to take a shower. I would turn on the tap, and then 20-30 sec later, the perceived sound of the water coming out of the tap would increase significantly – even though the water flow rate had not changed. Later, in a social setting (bridge club), I will experience significantly lower and higher perceived speech volumes – very frustrating! I hypothesized that the aids employ an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) of some sort that is getting triggered by an initial loud noise which reduces the gain (and my perceived noise/speech level), and then 10-50sec later the gain would go back up again.

Just recently though, another thought popped into my head – what if the perceived volume changes aren’t due to some property of the hearing aids, but instead are a physiological feature of my current hearing/understanding processes? Hmm, I know I have some issues with my Eustachian tubes blocking and unblocking, and I also know that on occasion the volume changes are correlated with a ‘blocked Eustachian tube’ feeling, so this isn’t a completely crazy hypothesis.

So, how to distinguish ‘meat space’ audio response from hearing aid responses? I decided I could set up an experiment where I could expose one or both of my hearing aids to a volume ‘step function’ and monitor the output for AGC-like responses (an initial rapid drop in output, followed by an eventual return to normal). Something like the following block diagram:

The idea is that the Teensy would produce an audio output in the human audible range that can be controlled for amplitude and duration. The audio would be presented to the hearing aid, and the amplified output of the hearing aid would then be captured with an external microphone connected back to the Teensy. A plot of captured amplitude vs time, with a ‘step function’ input should indicate if the hearing aid is employing an AGC-like response function.

After some fumbling around and searching through the posts on the Teensy forum, I ran across this post describing how to create a simple 440Hz sinewave output from the DAC pin. The original poster was having problems, but after Paul Stoffregen added the ‘magic sauce’ (adding the ‘AudioMemory(10);’) line, everything worked fine. When I copy/pasted the posters code and added the line, I got the nice 440Hz waveform shown below – yay!!

The next step is to hook the DAC output to a small speaker, so I can drive the hearing aid. When I tried hooking a speaker directly to the DAC output, it clipped badly – oops! Fortunately, I remembered that long ago I had purchased a ‘prop shield’ for the Teensy LC/3.1/3.2 controllers, and this contains a 2W audio amp whose input connects directly to the DAC output – nice! So I dug around and found the part, soldered on headers, and plugged it on top of the Teensy.

15 March 2024 Update:

So, yesterday Space X launched IFT3 (Integrated Flight Test #3), consisting of ‘Super-Heavy Booster 10’ and ‘Ship 28’. The combination was the largest, most powerful rocket ever launched, by a fair margin. The upper stage (Starship 28) flew from Boca Chica Texas to the Indian Ocean near Australia in about 49 minutes – wow! At that point, the upper stage was the largest object ever launched into space in all history – Wow Again!

OK, back to reality. I managed to get the prop shield working – after the usual number of false-starts and errors. One ‘gotcha’ was that I hadn’t realized the 2W audio amp was a Class-C type, which means it switches on and off at a very high frequency (100KHz or so) – way above human hearing range, and the audio AM modulates that signal. When it is connected to a speaker or other audio transducer, it acts like a low-pass filter and all that comes out is the audio; this is a really neat trick, but it means that the audio amp output signal is basically impossible to look at directly with a scope – oops. So, I got a pair of MEMS microphone breakout boards from Sparkfun and used the microphone to turn the speaker audio back into an electrical signal that I could view with the scope. Here’s the setup:

Teensy ‘propshield’ mounted on Teensy 3.2. Note Sparkfun MEMS microphone suspended over speaker

This worked great, and I was able to verify that the speaker audio output was a reasonable replica of what the T3.2 DAC was putting out.

The next step was to feed the MEMS mic output back into a Teensy 3.2 analog input so I could measure the signal amplitude (A4 in the above block diagram). Then I would modify the Teensy program to deliver a 1-2 sec ‘pulse’ of high amplitude audio to the hearing aid, followed by a constant low-amplitude signal. The measured amplitude of the hearing aid output (as received by the MEMS mic) would be monitored to see if the hearing aid exhibited AGC-like behavior.

However, as I started setting this up, I realized I would have to solder yet another flying lead to the top of the prop shield, as the Teensy 3.2 pins were no longer accessible directly. So I decided to fix this problem by adding female headers to the top side of the prop shield to allow access to all Teensy pins. The result is shown in the ‘before/after’ photos below:

before
after adding headers

19 March 2024 Update:

I soon discovered that my plan for routing the MEMS mic back to a Teensy analog input and just averaging the results over time wasn’t going to work, as a glance at the MEMS output to the Teensy (shown below) would make quite obvious:

MEMS output with 1000Hz sinewave input to speaker. Average value is 3.3V/2

The average value for this signal is just the DC offset, which will always be the same. The only thing that varies is the amplitude – not the average value – oops!

OK, so the obvious work-around to this problem would be to put a half-wave or full-wave rectifier circuit between the MEMS output and the Teensy so the analog input could measure the half- or full-wave amplitude instead of the average. But, I really didn’t want to add any more circuitry, and besides I have this entire 72MHz computer at my beck and call – surely I can get it to emulate a half- or full-wave rectifier?

So, after the usual number of screwups, I got this working reasonably well – at least enough for a ‘proof-of-concept. The basic idea is to take analog input readings as fast as possible, and use the resulting values to compute the average value (in A/D units – not voltage), and then take the absolute value of the difference between each measurement and the average value – this essentially implements a full wave rectifier circuit in software.

The following data and Excel plot shows the results for the waveform shown above:

The above data was collected by sampling the input at about 20KHz (50 Usec). As can be seen from the above, the average value is a constant 511.64 (out of a zero to 1023 scale), and the actual measured values varied from about 264 to about 755. Here are Excel plots of both the measured input and the calculated amplitude:

So it looks like this idea will work. For the intended application (determining if my hearing aids exhibit AGC-like behavior, I can perform a running average of the full-wave rectified signal using something like a 0.1 Sec interval (2000 samples). That should accurately capture the onset and release of the 1-sec HIGH tone, and have plenty of resolution to capture any AGC-like sensitivity increase over a longer time – say 30 Sec or so.

Here’s the code that produced the above outputs:

I made another run with the A/D resolution set to 12 bits to see if it made any appreciable difference. As can be seen in the following Excel plot – it didn’t:

Here’s another plot showing the microphone output, but this time with the DAC sinewave output amplitude reduced to the point where the microphone output isn’t large enough to clip.

Microphone Input to A/D Converter

In the reduced sinewave amplitude plot above, the ‘Meas’ plot is still centered about the halfway mark in the 12-bit range of values, while the average value of the ‘Amp’ plot has been reduced from about 1800 to about 200.

So, now that I know that the DAC-Speaker-Microphone-ADC loop works, I need to extend it to record amplitude values over an extended period – at least 30 sec, and more like a minute or more.

I modified my control program to create a 1-second ‘burst’ of a HIGH amplitude sinewave, followed by an infinitely long period of a LOW amplitude sinewave. The HIGH amplitude was chosen to fully clip the microphone output, and the LOW amplitude was chosen to be well above the noise floor, but still very small compared to the HIGH amplitude signal. Here are O’scope photos of both the HIGH & LOW signals:

LOW amplitude microphone output
HIGH amplitude microphone output

Here is the output from the program (the LOW amplitude output was manually terminated after a few seconds):

31 March 2024 Update:

After getting all of the above working, I then installed one of my Jabra ‘Enhance 200’ aides in between the speaker and the microphone, as shown in the photos below:

With the aid installed, I got the following microphone output using my ‘burst + long-term low level audio’ setup.

Even though the Jabra aid did NOT exhibit anything like the AGC behavior I expected, there *was* a sort of cyclical response with the Jabra aid that wasn’t there without the aid in the middle. This cyclical behavior repeats about once every five seconds and *could* be some sort of AGC-like behavior – just not the one I was expecting.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Convert Condor Task Briefing Custom Waypoint Description Blocks to XCSoar-compatible .CUP Format ‘Additional Waypoints’ file

Leave a reply

Posted 23 March 2024

After a multi-year hiatus, I recently started flying contests again in the Condor Soaring Simulator. As sort of a side project, I have also been working with the XCSoar glider navigation program, to see if I could use XCSoar to help navigate AAT/TAT tasks in Condor (Condor doesn’t support AAT/TAT tasks natively with the in-sim PDA).

After using XCSoar for a while, I became frustrated with XCSoar’s inability to define ‘custom’ turnpoints based on LAT/LON coordinates, which are used quite frequently in Condor contest tasks. After a long-fought and ultimately unsuccessful battle with XCSoar’s source code to see if I could modify the program to facilitate this, I admitted defeat and decided to try another way to skin this cat. XCSoar will accept an ‘Additional Waypoints’ file, so I decided to see if I could create a program to convert the ‘new TP’ blocks in the Condor ‘Task Briefing’ description to XCSoar-compatile .CUP file waypoint lines, which could then be loaded into XCSoar for selection as task waypoints.

Here is the .CUP file format defintion page from the SeeYou (naviter) program website:

The above description is NOT very easy to read. It is full of errors, so some imagination is required to make sense of it. The ‘hardpoints’ in the description are as follows:

  • Latitude strings are exactly 9 characters long. Longitude strings are exactly 10 characters long.
  • In latitude strings, the decimal point is exactly the 5th character (Char4) . In longitude strings, the decimal point is exactly the 6th character (Char5).
  • Both latitude and longitude strings apparently must be zero-padded as necessary to make the string character counts work out. For instance, in the longitude example the ‘degree’ value of ‘014’ must be exactly three characters.

Example Run:

Here’s a recent task briefing from Condor-Club:

As can be seen in the above screengrab, TP2-TP2 are all ‘custom’ turnpoints defined only by Lat/Lon coordinates. Manually adding these to a .CUP formatted file for use in XCSoar would be essentially impossible, given that the turnpoint coordinates only become visible 15 minutes before server start.

To start the process, the turnpoint blocks from the above briefing were copy/pasted one at a time into a text document (I use NotePad++), as follows (note that I manually changed the name of the last turnpoint from ‘Finish’ to TP 6, as my Python script currently only looks for ‘Start’ and ‘TP’ starting strings)

My CondorTPX_to_CupWP.py Python script opens a ‘FileOpen’ dialog where the input file (in this case ‘NewTPs_IN.txt’) can be selected by the user, and a ‘FileSave’ dialog where the output file (in this case ‘NewTPS_OUT.CUP’) can be selected, and then parses through the blocks in the input file, converting them to equivalent .CUP-formatted lines compatible with XCSoar. Here is the console printout from the ‘verbose’ (-v) version of the script:

At the very end of the above printout, the newly-written contents of the output file are read back out again as a verification that the conversion was successful. Here is the actual contents of the ‘NewTPS_OUT.CUP’ file:

This file now has to be transferred to the directory used by XCSoar for waypoints, and then selected in XCSoar (Config->System->Site Files) to load as the ‘More Waypoints’ selection. After this, all the above turnpoints will be available for task construction. Here’s a photo of my Android tablet with the above task turnpoints loaded:

XCSoar task map, using converted task briefing turnpoint blocks
Same task as above, from Condor-Club briefing

It is clear from the above images that the Condor-Club ‘custom’ task turnpoints have been converted properly from text blocks to SeeYou .CUP format waypoint strings, so now I can use XCSoar to navigate Condor tasks with ‘custom’ turnpoints – Yay!

Here’s the Python script I created to do the conversion:

Enjoy!

Frank