ESP32-CAMs Distance Measurement Study

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Recently I have returned to working with WallE my autonomous wall-following robot, and I started thinking again about the issue it has with reflective surfaces. At the same time I ran across a post about using two ESP32-CAM modules for distance measurements, and I started to wonder if I could do something like that with WallE. I already have a visible red laser on the front, so maybe the two ESP32-CAM’s could use the laser ‘dot’ for distance measurements? Would this technique have the same problem with reflective surfaces?

I just happened to have two ESP32-CAM modules in my parts bin, so I thought I would give this idea a try and see how it goes. I know next to nothing about image processing in general and about the ESP32-CAM in particular, so if nothing else it will be a learning experience!

After a bit of web research, I got my Visual Studio/Visual Micro development environment configured for ESP32-CAM program development and for the ‘AI Thinkier EP32-CAM(esp32_esp32cam)’ target, and found a couple of examples that came with the newly-installed library. The first one I tried was the ‘CameraWebServer’ example (C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\Libraries\arduino-esp32-master\libraries\ESP32\examples\Camera\CameraWebServer\camera_pins.h), which turns the ESP32-CAM module into a webserver that can be accessed over the local network using any browser. The example provides for still images and real-time streaming – nice! However, I wasn’t interested in this capability, so after looking around a bit more I found an example that just takes still images and writes them to the SD card. I modified the code to convert the captured JPEG into BMP888 format so I could look at the individual color channels in isolation. I set the capture size to 128×128 pixels and capture a JPEG frame. The JPEG frame is just 2352 bytes, but the BMP888 conversion expands to 49206 bytes (128 x 128 x 3 = 49152, plus 48-byte header + 6 bytes at end, I think). Here’s the code at present:

// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode
// 
/*
    Name:       ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino
    Created:	1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM
    Author:     FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

    This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card
    In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and 
    writes it out to the SD card as well.
*/

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "FS.h"                // SD Card ESP32
#include "SD_MMC.h"            // SD Card ESP32
#include "soc/soc.h"           // Disable brownour problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"  // Disable brownour problems
#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
#include <EEPROM.h>            // read and write from flash memory

// define the number of bytes you want to access
#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

int pictureNumber = 0;

void setup() {
  WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

  Serial.begin(115200);

  Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

  if (psramFound()) {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA
    config.jpeg_quality = 10;
    config.fb_count = 2;
  }
  else {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 12;
    config.fb_count = 1;
  }

  // Init Camera
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }

  //Serial.println("Starting SD Card");
  if (!SD_MMC.begin()) {
    Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");
    return;
  }

  uint8_t cardType = SD_MMC.cardType();
  if (cardType == CARD_NONE) {
    Serial.println("No SD Card attached");
    return;
  }

  camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;

  // Take Picture with Camera
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  delay(500);//This is key to avoid an issue with the image being very dark and green. If needed adjust total delay time.
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  Serial.printf("Image acquired: fb = %x fb_len = %d\n", fb, fb->len);

  //02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP
  uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects
  size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;
  bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);
  if (!converted) 
  {
    log_e("BMP Conversion failed");
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.printf("BMP Conversion succeeded with buf = %p, bmp_buf_len = %d\n", &bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len);
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  {
      Serial.printf("%x\n", bmp_buf[i]);
  }

  //decode into r, g, b values

  //Serial.printf("row\tcol\red\t\blue\t\green");

  //for (size_t i = 0; i < fb->height; i++)
  //{
  //  for (size_t j = 0; j < fb->width; j++)
  //  {
  //    int16_t pixel = fb->buf[i*fb->width + j];
  //    int16_t red = ((pixel & 0xF800) >> 11);
  //    int16_t green = ((pixel & 0x07E0) >> 5);
  //    int16_t blue = (pixel & 0x001F);
  //    
  //    Serial.printf("%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", i, j, red, blue, green);
  //  }
  //}




  if (!fb) {
    Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
    return;
  }
  // initialize EEPROM with predefined size
  EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);
  pictureNumber = EEPROM.read(0) + 1;

  // Path where new picture will be saved in SD Card
  String path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".jpg";

  //write JPEG file to SD card
  fs::FS& fs = SD_MMC;
  Serial.printf("Picture file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

  File file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if (!file) {
    Serial.println("Failed to open file in writing mode");
  }
  else {
    file.write(fb->buf, fb->len); // payload (image), payload length
    Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
    EEPROM.write(0, pictureNumber);
    EEPROM.commit();
  }
  file.close();
  esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

  //write BMP888 file to SD card
  path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".bmp";

  Serial.printf("BMP888 file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

  file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if (!file) {
    Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 file in writing mode");
  }
  else {
    file.write(bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len); // payload (image), payload length
    Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
  }
  file.close();

  // Turns off the ESP32-CAM white on-board LED (flash) connected to GPIO 4
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  rtc_gpio_hold_en(GPIO_NUM_4);
  esp_deep_sleep_start();
}

void loop() {

}

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// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode

Name: ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino

Created: 1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM

Author: FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card

In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and

writes it out to the SD card as well.

#include "esp_camera.h"

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "FS.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "SD_MMC.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "soc/soc.h" // Disable brownour problems

#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" // Disable brownour problems

#include "driver/rtc_io.h"

#include <EEPROM.h> // read and write from flash memory

// define the number of bytes you want to access

#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER

#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32

#define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1

#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0

#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26

#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35

#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34

#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39

#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36

#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21

#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19

#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18

#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5

#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25

#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23

#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22

int pictureNumber = 0;

void setup() {

WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

Serial.begin(115200);

Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

camera_config_t config;

config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;

config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;

config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;

config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;

config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

if (psramFound()) {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA

config.jpeg_quality = 10;

config.fb_count = 2;

}

else {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;

config.jpeg_quality = 12;

config.fb_count = 1;

}

// Init Camera

esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);

if (err != ESP_OK) {

Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);

return;

}

//Serial.println("Starting SD Card");

if (!SD_MMC.begin()) {

Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");

return;

}

uint8_t cardType = SD_MMC.cardType();

if (cardType == CARD_NONE) {

Serial.println("No SD Card attached");

return;

}

camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;

// Take Picture with Camera

fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

delay(500);//This is key to avoid an issue with the image being very dark and green. If needed adjust total delay time.

fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

Serial.printf("Image acquired: fb = %x fb_len = %d\n", fb, fb->len);

//02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP

uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects

size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;

bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);

if (!converted)

{

log_e("BMP Conversion failed");

}

else

{

Serial.printf("BMP Conversion succeeded with buf = %p, bmp_buf_len = %d\n", &bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len);

}

for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

Serial.printf("%x\n", bmp_buf[i]);

}

//decode into r, g, b values

//Serial.printf("row\tcol\red\t\blue\t\green");

//for (size_t i = 0; i < fb->height; i++)

//{

// for (size_t j = 0; j < fb->width; j++)

// {

// int16_t pixel = fb->buf[i*fb->width + j];

// int16_t red = ((pixel & 0xF800) >> 11);

// int16_t green = ((pixel & 0x07E0) >> 5);

// int16_t blue = (pixel & 0x001F);

// Serial.printf("%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", i, j, red, blue, green);

// }

//}

if (!fb) {

Serial.println("Camera capture failed");

return;

}

// initialize EEPROM with predefined size

EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);

pictureNumber = EEPROM.read(0) + 1;

// Path where new picture will be saved in SD Card

String path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".jpg";

//write JPEG file to SD card

fs::FS& fs = SD_MMC;

Serial.printf("Picture file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

File file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);

if (!file) {

Serial.println("Failed to open file in writing mode");

}

else {

file.write(fb->buf, fb->len); // payload (image), payload length

Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());

EEPROM.write(0, pictureNumber);

EEPROM.commit();

}

file.close();

esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

//write BMP888 file to SD card

path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".bmp";

Serial.printf("BMP888 file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);

if (!file) {

Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 file in writing mode");

}

else {

file.write(bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len); // payload (image), payload length

Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());

}

file.close();

// Turns off the ESP32-CAM white on-board LED (flash) connected to GPIO 4

pinMode(4, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(4, LOW);

rtc_gpio_hold_en(GPIO_NUM_4);

esp_deep_sleep_start();

}

void loop() {

}

and here are the JPEG and BMP888 versions of the 128×128 pixel image captured by the camera:

Then I copied Picture29.bmp to another file byte by byte, zeroing out the Green & Blue bytes so that only the red channel was non-zero. However, when I viewed the resulting file, I got the following image:

This doesn’t make any sense to me, unless the byte ordering in a BMP888 file is BGR or BRG instead of RGB. However, when I researched this on the web, all info I found indicated the byte order in an RGB888 file is indeed R, G, B. It’s a mystery!

Here’s the code that produced the above results:

// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode
// 
/*
    Name:       ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino
    Created:	1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM
    Author:     FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

    This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card
    In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and 
    writes it out to the SD card as well.
*/

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "FS.h"                // SD Card ESP32
#include "SD_MMC.h"            // SD Card ESP32
#include "soc/soc.h"           // Disable brownour problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"  // Disable brownour problems
#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
#include <EEPROM.h>            // read and write from flash memory

// define the number of bytes you want to access
#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

int pictureNumber = 0;

void setup() {
  WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

  Serial.begin(115200);

  Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

  if (psramFound()) {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA
    config.jpeg_quality = 10;
    config.fb_count = 2;
  }
  else {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 12;
    config.fb_count = 1;
  }

  // Init Camera
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }

  //Serial.println("Starting SD Card");
  if (!SD_MMC.begin()) {
    Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");
    return;
  }

  uint8_t cardType = SD_MMC.cardType();
  if (cardType == CARD_NONE) {
    Serial.println("No SD Card attached");
    return;
  }

  camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;

  // Take Picture with Camera
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  delay(500);//This is key to avoid an issue with the image being very dark and green. If needed adjust total delay time.
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  Serial.printf("Image acquired: fb = %x fb_len = %d\n", fb, fb->len);

  //02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP
  uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects
  size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;
  bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);
  if (!converted) 
  {
    log_e("BMP Conversion failed");
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.printf("BMP Conversion succeeded with buf = %p, bmp_buf_len = %d\n", &bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len);
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++)
  {
      Serial.printf("bmp_buf[%d] = %x\n",i, bmp_buf[i]);
  }

  if (!fb) {
    Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
    return;
  }
  // initialize EEPROM with predefined size
  EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);
  pictureNumber = EEPROM.read(0) + 1;

  // Path where new picture will be saved in SD Card
  String path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".jpg";

  //write JPEG file to SD card
  fs::FS& fs = SD_MMC;
  Serial.printf("Picture file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

  File file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if (!file) {
    Serial.println("Failed to open file in writing mode");
  }
  else 
  {
    file.write(fb->buf, fb->len); // payload (image), payload length
    Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
    EEPROM.write(0, pictureNumber);
    EEPROM.commit();
  }
  file.close();

  esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

//
//----------------------------------- write BMP888 file to SD card ----------------------
//
  path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".bmp";

  Serial.printf("BMP888 file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

  file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if (!file) {
    Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 file in writing mode");
  }
  else 
  {
    file.write(bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len); // payload (image), payload length
    Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
  }
  file.close();

//
//---------- Write out Red channel (with other bytes = 0) ----------------------
//

  uint8_t hdr_len = 54; 
  uint16_t image_len = hdr_len + 128 * 128 * 3; //49206
  path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + "_red" + ".bmp";

  Serial.printf("BMP888 Red channel file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

  file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if (!file) 
  {
    Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 Red channel file in writing mode");
  }
  else 
  {
    file.write(bmp_buf, hdr_len); // write out header

    for (size_t i = hdr_len; i < bmp_buf_len; i+= 3)
    {
      file.write(bmp_buf[i]); // red channel
      file.write(0x0); // blue channel
      file.write(0x0); // green channel
    }
    Serial.printf("Saved BMP888 Red channel file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
  }
  file.close();

//DEBUG!! Read Red channel data back into RAM and print out first 100 bytes
  uint8_t* red_buf = NULL;
  char temp;

  file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++)
  {
    temp = file.read();
    printf("red[%d] = %x\n",i, temp);
  }

  // Turns off the ESP32-CAM white on-board LED (flash) connected to GPIO 4
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  rtc_gpio_hold_en(GPIO_NUM_4);
  esp_deep_sleep_start();
}

void loop() {

}

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// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode

Name: ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino

Created: 1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM

Author: FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card

In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and

writes it out to the SD card as well.

#include "esp_camera.h"

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "FS.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "SD_MMC.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "soc/soc.h" // Disable brownour problems

#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" // Disable brownour problems

#include "driver/rtc_io.h"

#include <EEPROM.h> // read and write from flash memory

// define the number of bytes you want to access

#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER

#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32

#define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1

#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0

#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26

#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35

#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34

#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39

#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36

#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21

#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19

#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18

#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5

#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25

#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23

#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22

int pictureNumber = 0;

void setup() {

WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

Serial.begin(115200);

Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

camera_config_t config;

config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;

config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;

config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;

config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;

config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

if (psramFound()) {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA

config.jpeg_quality = 10;

config.fb_count = 2;

}

else {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;

config.jpeg_quality = 12;

config.fb_count = 1;

}

// Init Camera

esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);

if (err != ESP_OK) {

Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);

return;

}

//Serial.println("Starting SD Card");

if (!SD_MMC.begin()) {

Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");

return;

}

uint8_t cardType = SD_MMC.cardType();

if (cardType == CARD_NONE) {

Serial.println("No SD Card attached");

return;

}

camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;

// Take Picture with Camera

fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

delay(500);//This is key to avoid an issue with the image being very dark and green. If needed adjust total delay time.

fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

Serial.printf("Image acquired: fb = %x fb_len = %d\n", fb, fb->len);

//02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP

uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects

size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;

bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);

if (!converted)

{

log_e("BMP Conversion failed");

}

else

{

Serial.printf("BMP Conversion succeeded with buf = %p, bmp_buf_len = %d\n", &bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len);

}

for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

Serial.printf("bmp_buf[%d] = %x\n",i, bmp_buf[i]);

}

if (!fb) {

Serial.println("Camera capture failed");

return;

}

// initialize EEPROM with predefined size

EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);

pictureNumber = EEPROM.read(0) + 1;

// Path where new picture will be saved in SD Card

String path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".jpg";

//write JPEG file to SD card

fs::FS& fs = SD_MMC;

Serial.printf("Picture file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

File file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);

if (!file) {

Serial.println("Failed to open file in writing mode");

}

else

{

file.write(fb->buf, fb->len); // payload (image), payload length

Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());

EEPROM.write(0, pictureNumber);

EEPROM.commit();

}

file.close();

esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

//----------------------------------- write BMP888 file to SD card ----------------------

path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + ".bmp";

Serial.printf("BMP888 file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);

if (!file) {

Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 file in writing mode");

}

else

{

file.write(bmp_buf, bmp_buf_len); // payload (image), payload length

Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());

}

file.close();

//---------- Write out Red channel (with other bytes = 0) ----------------------

uint8_t hdr_len = 54;

uint16_t image_len = hdr_len + 128 * 128 * 3; //49206

path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) + "_red" + ".bmp";

Serial.printf("BMP888 Red channel file name: %s\n", path.c_str());

file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);

if (!file)

{

Serial.println("Failed to open BMP888 Red channel file in writing mode");

}

else

{

file.write(bmp_buf, hdr_len); // write out header

for (size_t i = hdr_len; i < bmp_buf_len; i+= 3)

{

file.write(bmp_buf[i]); // red channel

file.write(0x0); // blue channel

file.write(0x0); // green channel

}

Serial.printf("Saved BMP888 Red channel file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());

}

file.close();

//DEBUG!! Read Red channel data back into RAM and print out first 100 bytes

uint8_t* red_buf = NULL;

char temp;

file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);

for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

temp = file.read();

printf("red[%d] = %x\n",i, temp);

}

// Turns off the ESP32-CAM white on-board LED (flash) connected to GPIO 4

pinMode(4, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(4, LOW);

rtc_gpio_hold_en(GPIO_NUM_4);

esp_deep_sleep_start();

}

void loop() {

}

I posted the ‘why is my red channel blue?’ question to StackOverflow, and got the following comment back from

I think your problem is with the reference that you found. ISTR the colour order for RGB888 24 bits per pixel BMP is actually Blue, Green, Red. So your all “red” image will indeed appear blue if you have it backwards. See Wiki BMP & DIB 24 bit per pixel. BTW you can get some funny effects converting all red or all blue images from JPEG to BMP since the effective resolution at source is compromised by the Bayer mask sampling.

Well, at least I’m not crazy – my ‘red’ channel WAS actually the ‘blue’ channel – yay! Per the wikipedia article, the actual byte order is “… blue, green and red (8 bits per each sample)”

17 February 2025 Update:

After figuring out the BGR sequence, I moved on to the idea of locating a red laser ‘dot’ on a black background; here’s the experimental setup:

Experimental setup for ‘red dot on black background’ test

And here is the 128×128 pixel image captured by the ESP32-CAM.

So now I needed to find the coordinates for the red dot in the black field. Rather than deal with the tedium of writing and debugging the search routine in Arduino, I decided to suck the image data into Excel, and write a VBA script to find the ‘dot’, as shown below:

Option Explicit

Option Base 1

Public Const PixWidth As Integer = 128
Public Const PixHeight As Integer = 128
Public Const HeaderLen As Integer = 54


Sub BinToHex()
    Dim ColumnNumber    As Long, _
        RowNumber       As Long, _
        Ndx             As Long, _
        handleNumber    As Long, _
        InBucket        As Variant, _
        FileToOpen      As String, _
        FileLen         As Long
        
 Dim xxxx As Integer
        
    'get the name of the binary file to open
    FileToOpen = Application.GetOpenFilename("Binary files (*.BMP),*.BMP")
    
    ' get the next handle number from windows
    handleNumber = FreeFile
    
    'open the file, read into a string
    Open FileToOpen For Binary As handleNumber
    FileLen = LOF(handleNumber)
    
    Debug.Print ("FileLen = " & FileLen)
    InBucket = input(FileLen, handleNumber)
    Close handleNumber
    
    RowNumber = 1
    ColumnNumber = 0

    ' for each byte of the string, convert to decimal integer value 0 - 256,
    ' convert the integer to hex
    
    For Ndx = HeaderLen To FileLen Step 3
        If Ndx > FileLen Then
            Stop
        End If
        ColumnNumber = ColumnNumber + 1
        Cells(RowNumber, ColumnNumber) = Val("&H" & Asc(Mid(InBucket, Ndx, 1)))
        If (ColumnNumber Mod PixWidth) = 0 Then
            RowNumber = RowNumber + 1
            ColumnNumber = 0
        End If
    Next Ndx
    
    'Set search range to cover entire 128x128 image space, and clear
    'out any color settings from previous runs
    Dim SrchRng As Range, mx As Double, rge As Range, fnd As Range, ColorRange As Range
    Set SrchRng = Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(128, 128))
    SrchRng.Interior.Color = xlNone
    Debug.Print ("Search Range = " & SrchRng.Address(, , xlR1C1))
    
    'find the max value in the range
    mx = Application.WorksheetFunction.Max(SrchRng)
    Debug.Print ("max value = " & mx)
    
    'find the address of the max value
    Set fnd = SrchRng.Find(mx, LookIn:=xlValues)
    
    'if the max value was found, highlight it and the surrounding cells
    If Not fnd Is Nothing Then
        Debug.Print ("address of max value = " & fnd.Address(, , xlR1C1))
        
        Set ColorRange = Range(fnd.Offset(-1, -1), fnd.Offset(1, 1))
        
        Debug.Print ("ColorRange = " & ColorRange.Address(, , xlR1C1))
        ColorRange.Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
    End If
    
  End Sub

Option Explicit

Option Base 1

Public Const PixWidth As Integer = 128

Public Const PixHeight As Integer = 128

Public Const HeaderLen As Integer = 54

Sub BinToHex()

Dim ColumnNumber As Long, _

RowNumber As Long, _

Ndx As Long, _

handleNumber As Long, _

InBucket As Variant, _

FileToOpen As String, _

FileLen As Long

Dim xxxx As Integer

'get the name of the binary file to open

FileToOpen = Application.GetOpenFilename("Binary files (*.BMP),*.BMP")

' get the next handle number from windows

handleNumber = FreeFile

'open the file, read into a string

Open FileToOpen For Binary As handleNumber

FileLen = LOF(handleNumber)

Debug.Print ("FileLen = " & FileLen)

InBucket = input(FileLen, handleNumber)

Close handleNumber

RowNumber = 1

ColumnNumber = 0

' for each byte of the string, convert to decimal integer value 0 - 256,

' convert the integer to hex

For Ndx = HeaderLen To FileLen Step 3

If Ndx > FileLen Then

Stop

End If

ColumnNumber = ColumnNumber + 1

Cells(RowNumber, ColumnNumber) = Val("&H" & Asc(Mid(InBucket, Ndx, 1)))

If (ColumnNumber Mod PixWidth) = 0 Then

RowNumber = RowNumber + 1

ColumnNumber = 0

End If

Next Ndx

'Set search range to cover entire 128x128 image space, and clear

'out any color settings from previous runs

Dim SrchRng As Range, mx As Double, rge As Range, fnd As Range, ColorRange As Range

Set SrchRng = Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(128, 128))

SrchRng.Interior.Color = xlNone

Debug.Print ("Search Range = " & SrchRng.Address(, , xlR1C1))

'find the max value in the range

mx = Application.WorksheetFunction.Max(SrchRng)

Debug.Print ("max value = " & mx)

'find the address of the max value

Set fnd = SrchRng.Find(mx, LookIn:=xlValues)

'if the max value was found, highlight it and the surrounding cells

If Not fnd Is Nothing Then

Debug.Print ("address of max value = " & fnd.Address(, , xlR1C1))

Set ColorRange = Range(fnd.Offset(-1, -1), fnd.Offset(1, 1))

Debug.Print ("ColorRange = " & ColorRange.Address(, , xlR1C1))

ColorRange.Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)

End If

End Sub

This produced the following Excel spreadsheet (scale adjusted to show entire 128×128 pixel layout):

128×128 RGB pixel data with max value highlighted

For comparison purposes, I have repeated the ESP32-CAM image here:

So, it seems pretty clear that I can correctly extract pixel values from the ESP32-CAM image and find the laser dot – at least in this contrived experiment with a non-reflective black background. Also, it appears at first blush like the upper left-hand corner of the ESP32-CAM image corresponds to R1C1 in the Excel spreadsheet.

The next step is to move the ‘dot’ to a significantly different location on the target and see how that effects the location of the max value in the grid – we need this to determine the orientation of the Excel data relative to the image data; maybe I got lucky, and maybe not 😉

02 March 2025 Update:

After setting this project aside for a few weeks, I figured out how to get the ESP32-CAM system to repeatedly grab images, convert them to BMP, and find the maximum red pixel value in the scene. Here’s the code:

// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode
// 
/*
    Name:       ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino
    Created:	1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM
    Author:     FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

    This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card
    In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and 
    writes it out to the SD card as well.
*/

/*02/19/25 This branch modifies the program to make continuous image captures
  followed by max intensity spot search.  This will be used to find the extents
  of the image area
*/

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "FS.h"                // SD Card ESP32
#include "SD_MMC.h"            // SD Card ESP32
#include "soc/soc.h"           // Disable brownout problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"  // Disable brownout problems
#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
#include <EEPROM.h>            // read and write from flash memory
#include <elapsedMillis.h>

// define the number of bytes you want to access
#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

int pictureNumber = 0;
camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;
elapsedMillis MsSinceStart;

const uint8_t hdr_len = 54;
const uint8_t rows = 128;
const uint8_t cols = 128;
const uint16_t bytes_per_pixel = 3;
const uint8_t offset_to_red_byte = 3;
const uint16_t bytes_per_row = bytes_per_pixel * cols;
const uint16_t image_len = hdr_len + rows * cols * bytes_per_pixel; //49206


void setup() 
{
  WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

  Serial.begin(115200);

  Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

  if (psramFound()) {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA
    config.jpeg_quality = 10;
    config.fb_count = 2;
  }
  else {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 12;
    config.fb_count = 1;
  }

  // Init Camera
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }

  MsSinceStart = 0;
}

void loop() 
{
  // Take Picture with Camera
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

  if (!fb) 
  {
    Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
    return;
  }

  //02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP
  uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects
  size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;

  bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);
  if (!converted)
  {
    log_e("BMP Conversion failed");
  }
  else
  {

//
//---------- Find max value in image data ----------------------
//     Image data is stored in BGR sequence with a 54-byte header
//

    uint16_t max_val = 0;
    uint16_t max_row = 0;
    uint16_t max_col = 0;


    for (size_t row = 1; row < rows; row++)
    //for (size_t row = 1; row <= 3; row++)
    {
      for (size_t col = 1; col < cols; col++)
      {
        uint16_t pix_idx = hdr_len + (row-1)*rows + 3*(col-1) + offset_to_red_byte;

        char redval = bmp_buf[pix_idx];

        if (redval > max_val)
        {
          max_val = redval;
          max_row = row;
          max_col = col;
        }
      }
    }

    printf("%lu: max at row[%d], col[%d], max_val = %d\n", (unsigned long)MsSinceStart, max_row, max_col, max_val);

  }

  esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

  fb = NULL;

  delay(500);
}

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// Visual Micro is in vMicro>General>Tutorial Mode

Name: ESPCAM_SDCARD.ino

Created: 1/30/2025 8:59:52 PM

Author: FRANK_XPS_9530\Frank

This program captures a JPEG image from the camera and writes it out to the SD card

In addition it converts the JPEG image to BMP888 format (3x the size + header) and

writes it out to the SD card as well.

/*02/19/25 This branch modifies the program to make continuous image captures

followed by max intensity spot search. This will be used to find the extents

of the image area

#include "esp_camera.h"

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "FS.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "SD_MMC.h" // SD Card ESP32

#include "soc/soc.h" // Disable brownout problems

#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" // Disable brownout problems

#include "driver/rtc_io.h"

#include <EEPROM.h> // read and write from flash memory

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

// define the number of bytes you want to access

#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER

#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32

#define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1

#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0

#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26

#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35

#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34

#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39

#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36

#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21

#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19

#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18

#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5

#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25

#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23

#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22

int pictureNumber = 0;

camera_fb_t* fb = NULL;

elapsedMillis MsSinceStart;

const uint8_t hdr_len = 54;

const uint8_t rows = 128;

const uint8_t cols = 128;

const uint16_t bytes_per_pixel = 3;

const uint8_t offset_to_red_byte = 3;

const uint16_t bytes_per_row = bytes_per_pixel * cols;

const uint16_t image_len = hdr_len + rows * cols * bytes_per_pixel; //49206

void setup()

{

WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector

Serial.begin(115200);

Serial.println("Starting Setup()");

camera_config_t config;

config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;

config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;

config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;

config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;

config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

if (psramFound()) {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_128X128; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA

config.jpeg_quality = 10;

config.fb_count = 2;

}

else {

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;

config.jpeg_quality = 12;

config.fb_count = 1;

}

// Init Camera

esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);

if (err != ESP_OK) {

Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);

return;

}

MsSinceStart = 0;

}

void loop()

{

// Take Picture with Camera

fb = esp_camera_fb_get();

if (!fb)

{

Serial.println("Camera capture failed");

return;

}

//02/01/25 per https://www.esp32.com/viewtopic.php?t=17479 can convert JPG to BMP

uint8_t* bmp_buf = NULL; //pointer to buffer of uint8_t objects

size_t bmp_buf_len = 0;

bool converted = frame2bmp(fb, &bmp_buf, &bmp_buf_len);

if (!converted)

{

log_e("BMP Conversion failed");

}

else

{

//---------- Find max value in image data ----------------------

// Image data is stored in BGR sequence with a 54-byte header

uint16_t max_val = 0;

uint16_t max_row = 0;

uint16_t max_col = 0;

for (size_t row = 1; row < rows; row++)

//for (size_t row = 1; row <= 3; row++)

{

for (size_t col = 1; col < cols; col++)

{

uint16_t pix_idx = hdr_len + (row-1)*rows + 3*(col-1) + offset_to_red_byte;

char redval = bmp_buf[pix_idx];

if (redval > max_val)

{

max_val = redval;

max_row = row;

max_col = col;

}

printf("%lu: max at row[%d], col[%d], max_val = %d\n", (unsigned long)MsSinceStart, max_row, max_col, max_val);

}

esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

fb = NULL;

delay(500);

}

When I ran this code in the following experimental setup, I was able to roughly map the row/column layout of the image, as shown:

As shown, the (0,0) row/column location is the upper right-hand corner of the image, and (127,127) is located at the bottom left-hand corner. At the 20cm spacing shown, the image boundaries are about 85mm height x 100mm width.

The next step will be to mount two ESP32-CAM modules on some sort of a frame, with the laser mounted halfway between the two.

06 March 2025 Update:

As part of my evil plan to use two ESP32-CAM modules to optically measure the distance to a laser red dot, I needed the two modules to talk to each other. The ESP32-CAM modules don’t really have the same sorts of two-wire communications facilities as do the various Arduino and Teensy modules, but I discovered there is an ‘ESP-NOW’ feature that provides ‘packet’ communications between ESP32 modules using the wireless ethernet channel. I found this tutorial that explains the feature, along with demo code for determining the MAC for each unit and a separate program to demonstrate the technique. I modified the demo code to just repeatedly send a set of fake sensor values back and forth to demonstrate to my satisfaction that this technique would work for my intended application. Here’s the code:

/*
  Rui Santos & Sara Santos - Random Nerd Tutorials
  Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp-now-two-way-communication-esp32/
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files.
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*/
#include <esp_now.h>
#include <WiFi.h>

#include <Wire.h>
//#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
//#include <Adafruit_BME280.h>
//
//#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
//#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#include <elapsedMillis.h>


#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128  // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64  // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)
//Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, -1);
//
//Adafruit_BME280 bme;

// REPLACE WITH THE MAC Address of the *other* device 
//uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF };
uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xb4, 0x8a, 0x0a, 0x98, 0xbb, 0xe0 };
//uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xa8, 0x42, 0xe3, 0x56, 0x9a, 0x8c };

// Define variables to store BME280 readings to be sent
float temperature;
float humidity;
float pressure;

// Define variables to store incoming readings
float incomingTemp;
float incomingHum;
float incomingPres;

// Variable to store if sending data was successful
String success;
char char_array[60];

elapsedMillis MsecSinceStart;

//Structure example to send data
//Must match the receiver structure
typedef struct struct_message {
  float temp;
  float hum;
  float pres;
} struct_message;

// Create a struct_message called BME280Readings to hold sensor readings
struct_message BME280Readings;

// Create a struct_message to hold incoming sensor readings
struct_message incomingReadings;

esp_now_peer_info_t peerInfo;

// Callback when data is sent
void OnDataSent(const uint8_t* mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status) {
  if (status == 0) {
    success = "Delivery Success :\)";
  }
  else {
    success = "Delivery Fail :\(";
  }

  int len = success.length();
  success.toCharArray(char_array, len+1);

  Serial.printf("\r\n%lu: Last Packet Send Status: %s\n", (unsigned long)MsecSinceStart, char_array);
}

// Callback when data is received
void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t* mac, const uint8_t* incomingData, int len) {
  memcpy(&incomingReadings, incomingData, sizeof(incomingReadings));
  Serial.printf("%lu: Received %d Bytes from remote device\n", (unsigned long)MsecSinceStart, len);

  incomingTemp = incomingReadings.temp;
  incomingHum = incomingReadings.hum;
  incomingPres = incomingReadings.pres;
}

void setup() {
  // Init Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Init BME280 sensor
  //bool status = bme.begin(0x76);
  //if (!status) {
  //  Serial.println("Could not find a valid BME280 sensor, check wiring!");
  //  while (1);
  //}

  //// Init OLED display
  //if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {
  //  Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
  //  for (;;);
  //}

  // Set device as a Wi-Fi Station
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

  // Init ESP-NOW
  if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW");
    return;
  }

  // Once ESPNow is successfully Init, we will register for Send CB to
  // get the status of Trasnmitted packet
  esp_now_register_send_cb(OnDataSent);

  // Register peer
  memcpy(peerInfo.peer_addr, broadcastAddress, 6);
  peerInfo.channel = 0;
  peerInfo.encrypt = false;

  // Add peer        
  if (esp_now_add_peer(&peerInfo) != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.println("Failed to add peer");
    return;
  }
  // Register for a callback function that will be called when data is received
  esp_now_register_recv_cb(esp_now_recv_cb_t(OnDataRecv));

  MsecSinceStart = 0;
}

void loop() 
{
  getReadings();

  // Set values to send (fake values, but...)
  BME280Readings.temp = 40;
  BME280Readings.hum = 50;
  BME280Readings.pres = 60;

  // Send message via ESP-NOW
  esp_err_t result = esp_now_send(broadcastAddress, (uint8_t*)&BME280Readings, sizeof(BME280Readings));

  updateDisplay();
  delay(1000);
}

//unused for my application
void getReadings() 
{
  //temperature = bme.readTemperature();
  //humidity = bme.readHumidity();
  //pressure = (bme.readPressure() / 100.0F);
}

void updateDisplay() 
{
  // Display Readings in Serial Monitor
  Serial.println("INCOMING READINGS");
  Serial.print("Temperature: ");
  Serial.print(incomingReadings.temp);
  Serial.println(" ºC");
  Serial.print("Humidity: ");
  Serial.print(incomingReadings.hum);
  Serial.println(" %");
  Serial.print("Pressure: ");
  Serial.print(incomingReadings.pres);
  Serial.println(" hPa");
  Serial.println();
}

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Rui Santos & Sara Santos - Random Nerd Tutorials

Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp-now-two-way-communication-esp32/

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files.

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

#include <esp_now.h>

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <Wire.h>

//#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>

//#include <Adafruit_BME280.h>

//#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

//#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels

#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)

//Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, -1);

//Adafruit_BME280 bme;

// REPLACE WITH THE MAC Address of the *other* device

//uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF };

uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xb4, 0x8a, 0x0a, 0x98, 0xbb, 0xe0 };

//uint8_t broadcastAddress[] = { 0xa8, 0x42, 0xe3, 0x56, 0x9a, 0x8c };

// Define variables to store BME280 readings to be sent

float temperature;

float humidity;

float pressure;

// Define variables to store incoming readings

float incomingTemp;

float incomingHum;

float incomingPres;

// Variable to store if sending data was successful

String success;

char char_array[60];

elapsedMillis MsecSinceStart;

//Structure example to send data

//Must match the receiver structure

typedef struct struct_message {

float temp;

float hum;

float pres;

} struct_message;

// Create a struct_message called BME280Readings to hold sensor readings

struct_message BME280Readings;

// Create a struct_message to hold incoming sensor readings

struct_message incomingReadings;

esp_now_peer_info_t peerInfo;

// Callback when data is sent

void OnDataSent(const uint8_t* mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status) {

if (status == 0) {

success = "Delivery Success :\)";

}

else {

success = "Delivery Fail :\(";

}

int len = success.length();

success.toCharArray(char_array, len+1);

Serial.printf("\r\n%lu: Last Packet Send Status: %s\n", (unsigned long)MsecSinceStart, char_array);

}

// Callback when data is received

void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t* mac, const uint8_t* incomingData, int len) {

memcpy(&incomingReadings, incomingData, sizeof(incomingReadings));

Serial.printf("%lu: Received %d Bytes from remote device\n", (unsigned long)MsecSinceStart, len);

incomingTemp = incomingReadings.temp;

incomingHum = incomingReadings.hum;

incomingPres = incomingReadings.pres;

}

void setup() {

// Init Serial Monitor

Serial.begin(115200);

// Init BME280 sensor

//bool status = bme.begin(0x76);

//if (!status) {

// Serial.println("Could not find a valid BME280 sensor, check wiring!");

// while (1);

//}

//// Init OLED display

//if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {

// Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));

// for (;;);

//}

// Set device as a Wi-Fi Station

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

// Init ESP-NOW

if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) {

Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW");

return;

}

// Once ESPNow is successfully Init, we will register for Send CB to

// get the status of Trasnmitted packet

esp_now_register_send_cb(OnDataSent);

// Register peer

memcpy(peerInfo.peer_addr, broadcastAddress, 6);

peerInfo.channel = 0;

peerInfo.encrypt = false;

// Add peer

if (esp_now_add_peer(&peerInfo) != ESP_OK) {

Serial.println("Failed to add peer");

return;

}

// Register for a callback function that will be called when data is received

esp_now_register_recv_cb(esp_now_recv_cb_t(OnDataRecv));

MsecSinceStart = 0;

}

void loop()

{

getReadings();

// Set values to send (fake values, but...)

BME280Readings.temp = 40;

BME280Readings.hum = 50;

BME280Readings.pres = 60;

// Send message via ESP-NOW

esp_err_t result = esp_now_send(broadcastAddress, (uint8_t*)&BME280Readings, sizeof(BME280Readings));

updateDisplay();

delay(1000);

}

//unused for my application

void getReadings()

{

//temperature = bme.readTemperature();

//humidity = bme.readHumidity();

//pressure = (bme.readPressure() / 100.0F);

}

void updateDisplay()

{

// Display Readings in Serial Monitor

Serial.println("INCOMING READINGS");

Serial.print("Temperature: ");

Serial.print(incomingReadings.temp);

Serial.println(" ºC");

Serial.print("Humidity: ");

Serial.print(incomingReadings.hum);

Serial.println(" %");

Serial.print("Pressure: ");

Serial.print(incomingReadings.pres);

Serial.println(" hPa");

Serial.println();

}

And here’s some typical output from the two ESP32-CAM units:

From one device:

14174003: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
14174682: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 40.00 �C
Humidity: 50.00 %
Pressure: 60.00 hPa


14175002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
14175682: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 40.00 �C
Humidity: 50.00 %
Pressure: 60.00 hPa


14176002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
14176685: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 40.00 �C
Humidity: 50.00 %
Pressure: 60.00 hPa

14174003: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

14174682: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 40.00 �C

Humidity: 50.00 %

Pressure: 60.00 hPa

14175002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

14175682: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 40.00 �C

Humidity: 50.00 %

Pressure: 60.00 hPa

14176002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

14176685: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 40.00 �C

Humidity: 50.00 %

Pressure: 60.00 hPa

From the other device:

13692002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
13692322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 10.00 �C
Humidity: 20.00 %
Pressure: 30.00 hPa


13693005: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
13693322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 10.00 �C
Humidity: 20.00 %
Pressure: 30.00 hPa


13694006: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)
13694322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device
INCOMING READINGS
Temperature: 10.00 �C
Humidity: 20.00 %
Pressure: 30.00 hPa

13692002: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

13692322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 10.00 �C

Humidity: 20.00 %

Pressure: 30.00 hPa

13693005: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

13693322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 10.00 �C

Humidity: 20.00 %

Pressure: 30.00 hPa

13694006: Last Packet Send Status: Delivery Success :)

13694322: Received 12 Bytes from remote device

INCOMING READINGS

Temperature: 10.00 �C

Humidity: 20.00 %

Pressure: 30.00 hPa

A couple of ‘user notes’ about this demo program and it’s application to two different devices:

The MAC address display program has to be run twice – once for each unit to get that all-important information.
The demo program also has to be run twice, but the MAC address used for each device is the address for the ‘other’ device.
As can be seen from the output, I simply used fake sensor data. However, I made sure to use different sets of values (10,20,30 on one and 20,40,60 on the other) so I could verify that the data was actually getting from one to the other.
The user must be careful to make sure the two devices are programmed correctly. I found it really easy to program the same device twice – once with the MAC & data for the other unit, and again with the MAC and data for the unit being programmed (which will not work). I wound up with clip-on labels on the two cables going to the two different devices, and then making sure the Visual Studio programming port was correct for the device I was programming. Doable, but not trivial.

21 March 2025 Update:

I broke a finger playing b-ball two days ago, so my typing speed and accuracy have suffered terribly; such is life I guess.

Since my last update I designed and printed a fixture to hold two ESP-CAM modules and a laser diode so I could run some distance experiments. Here’s a photo of the setup:

10 to 80cm distance setup. Note I’m using only one ESP-CAM module

I modified the firmware to simply print out the max value in the scene, along with the row/col coordinates for the max value. The firmware continues to save a red-only image as well. Here’s the hand-written results:

the numbers at the end of each measurement are the .bmp file suffixes (from picture_red58.bmp to picture_red87.bmp).

And here are the representative red-only photos (one per distance) for the selected measurement:

From the data and the photos, it is easy to see that the laser ‘dot’ doesn’t come into the view of the camera until the 20cm distance, and after 60cm the ‘dot’ is washed out by the normal overhead lighting. In between (20 – 60cm) the ‘dot’ can be seen to progress from the far left-hand edge of the scene toward the middle.

26 March 2025 Update:

I made another run, this time with two cameras, as shown in the following photos:

two ESP32-CAM modules mounted on the same frame, with red dot lase mounted on centerline

If my theory is correct, I should be able to see the location of the red dot move horizontally across the images, from left to right for the left cam, and right to left on the right cam. Unfortunately this wasn’t evident in the data. I loaded the above data into Excel and plotted it in various ways. The best I could come up with was to plot row & col locations from each camera vs distance, hoping to see a linear change in either the row or column values. The plots are shown below:

From the above plots, I could see no real progession in the row values, but if I used a lot of imagination I could sort of see a linear decrease in the column values for the left camera and a much less distinct linear increase in the column values for the right camera.

For completeness, I have included the actual camera images used to produce the above data:

Looking at all the above images, I can’t discern *any* real horizontal shift in the position of the red dot. In addition, at 70cm, the reflection of the laser dot off the table surface is just as bright as the reflection off the target, leading to frequent mis-identification of the maximum location.

Conclusion:

Well, this was a nice try and a fun project, but there’s no escaping the conclusion that this ain’t gonna work!

Debugging XCSoar’s ‘Mapgen’ Website

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Posted 07 December 2024

I recently came back to Condor virtual soaring after several years away, and also started using XCSoar on a tablet as an auxiliary navigation tool. One challenge in doing this is getting the scenery (.XCM) files associated with the various Condor sceneries. Some years ago ‘Folken’ (folken@kabelsalat.ch) created the https://mapgen.xcsoar.org/ web app to facilitate this process. The website accepts a map name, email address, and map bounds information and produces the corresponding .XCM file, which can then be dropped into XCSoar for navigation support – neat! Map bounds can be defined three ways – as manually entered max/min lat/lon values, as a rectangle on a dynamic world map, or as a waypoint file (.CUP or .DAT).

Unfortunately, as I and several others have found, the web app doesn’t actually support waypoint file bounds; it produces a ‘unsupported waypoint file’ error whenever a waypoint file is submitted. The developer has been unwilling/unable to work the problem due to other demands on his time, so I decided to take a shot at finding/fixing the problem.

First attempt: ‘backend code’ assessment: https://github.com/paynterf/XCSoarMapGenDebug

Last February (Feb 2024) I looked through the github repository, and because I am totally clueless regarding modern (or any age, for that matter) web app development, I decided to concentrate on the ‘backend code’ to either find the problem(s) or exclude this code as the culprit. To do this I created the above repo, and eventually worked my way through most of the backend code, without finding any issues – oh well.

Current attempt: Build and run the web app (ugh!):

After ignoring this problem again for almost a full year, I decided to take another shot at this. Folken’s website has a Readme that details the process of setting up a web server on a Debian linux box, and since I happen to have an old laptop with Debian installed, I decided to give this a whirl. The Readme describes how to use an ‘Ansible Playbook‘ to build and provision an XCMapGen web app. I tried this several times, and to say I got ‘a bit disoriented’ would be the understatement of the century. After having to reload Debian on my laptop several times, I reached out to Folken for help. Amazingly, he actually answered and was (and is) quite helpful. He told me he had gotten away from Ansible and was now using Docker for website build and provisioning. In addition, he gave me detailed steps on how to use Docker to bring up an XCSoarMapGen website on my Debian laptop. Here’s his email back to me:

Yes, so basically follow the docker install

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/

Install docker-compose:

apt-get install docker-compose



git clone https://github.com/XCSoar/mapgen.git

cd mapgen



The following will build the containers and start them

docker-compose up

browser to: http://localhost:9090/ should give you the mapgen frontend page



ctrl-c to terminate the docker process



then you can make a change in the git repo

and do 

docker-compose up --build

this will rebuild the images and start them with your change.



Regards,

 - Philipp

Yes, so basically follow the docker install

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/

Install docker-compose:

apt-get install docker-compose

git clone https://github.com/XCSoar/mapgen.git

cd mapgen

The following will build the containers and start them

docker-compose up

browser to: http://localhost:9090/ should give you the mapgen frontend page

ctrl-c to terminate the docker process

then you can make a change in the git repo

and do

docker-compose up --build

this will rebuild the images and start them with your change.

Regards,

- Philipp

Of course I had never heard of Docker (or Flask, or Cherrypy, or Ansible or…..), so I was in for some serious research work. Eventually I got the XCSoarMapGen website running at ‘localhost’ on my Debian linux laptop, and for me that was quite an achievement – from web ignoramus to web genius in 234 easy steps! 😎

After some more help from Folken, I got to the point where I could watch the activity between the web page and the backend code, but eventually I decided that this wasn’t getting me anywhere – I really needed to be able to run the backend code in debug mode, but of course I had no idea how to do that. After lots more inet searches for ‘Debugging web applications’ and similar, I found (and worked through) a number of tutorials, like Marcel Demper’s “Debugging Python in Docker using VSCode” and Debugging flask application within a docker container using VSCode, but I was never able to actually get my localhost XCSoarMapGen app to run under debug control – rats!

However, what I did get from the tutorials was the fact that the tutorials both referred to Flask (a software tool I’d never heard of before), while Folken’s XCSoarMapGen app uses CherryPy (another software tool I’d never heard of before). So this sent me off on another wild-goose chase through the internet to learn about debugging with Cherrypy.

After another hundred years or so of web searches and non-working tutorials, I never figured out how to actively debug a Cherrypy app, but I did figure out how to insert print (actually cherrypy.log() statements into the code and see the results by looking at the ‘error.log’ file produced by (I think) Cherrypy. Here’s the ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints()’ function in the code:

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):
    waypoint_list = WaypointList()
    cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')

    first = True
    # wpnum = 0
    # for line in lines:
    #     wpnum = wpnum + 1
    #     cherrypy.log('wpnum = %s, line = %s' % (wpnum, line))

    wpnum = 0
    for line in lines:
        wpnum = wpnum + 1
        cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

        if first:
            first = False
            continue

        line = line.strip()
        cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

        if line == "name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc":
            continue

        if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):
            continue

        if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":
            break

        fields = []
        line = __CSVLine(line)
        cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

        while line.has_next():
            fields.append(next(line))

        if len(fields) < 6:
            continue

        lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])
        if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):
            continue

        lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])
        if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):
            continue

        wp = Waypoint()
        wp.lat = lat
        wp.lon = lon
        wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])
        wp.name = fields[0].strip()
        wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

        #cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

        if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:
            wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

        if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:
            wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

        if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:
            wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

        if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:
            wp.freq = float(fields[9])

        if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:
            wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

        cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

        waypoint_list.append(wp)
     

    return waypoint_list

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

waypoint_list = WaypointList()

cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')

first = True

# wpnum = 0

# for line in lines:

# wpnum = wpnum + 1

# cherrypy.log('wpnum = %s, line = %s' % (wpnum, line))

wpnum = 0

for line in lines:

wpnum = wpnum + 1

cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

if first:

first = False

continue

line = line.strip()

cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

if line == "name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc":

continue

if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):

continue

if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":

break

fields = []

line = __CSVLine(line)

cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

while line.has_next():

fields.append(next(line))

if len(fields) < 6:

continue

lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])

if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):

continue

lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])

if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):

continue

wp = Waypoint()

wp.lat = lat

wp.lon = lon

wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])

wp.name = fields[0].strip()

wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

#cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:

wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:

wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:

wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:

wp.freq = float(fields[9])

if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:

wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

waypoint_list.append(wp)

return waypoint_list

And here’s some output from ./error.log:

.173E,978.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash
root@23c482b85ae1:/# tail -f ./error.log 
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGHUP.
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGUSR1.
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Bus STARTING
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Started monitor thread '_TimeoutMonitor'.
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Bus STARTED
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  In the 'index.html' routine
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in parse_seeyou_waypoints function
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in for loop: wpnum = 1 line = b'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc\r\n'
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in for loop: wpnum = 2 line = b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43]  in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2 line = b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,'

.173E,978.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash

root@23c482b85ae1:/# tail -f ./error.log

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGHUP.

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Listening for SIGUSR1.

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Bus STARTING

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Started monitor thread '_TimeoutMonitor'.

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:19] ENGINE Bus STARTED

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] In the 'index.html' routine

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in parse_seeyou_waypoints function

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in for loop: wpnum = 1 line = b'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc\r\n'

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in for loop: wpnum = 2 line = b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[07/Dec/2024:01:13:43] in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2 line = b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,'

So, the run/debug/edit/run cycle is:

Make changes to the source code, insert/edit cherrypy.log() statements
Rebuild the affected files and restart the XCSoarMapGen website at localhost:9090 on my linux box with ‘sudo docker-compose up –build’
Reconnect to the error log output with ‘sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash’ followed by (at the #prompt) ‘tail -f ./error.log’

Here’s the startup command and resulting output:

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker-compose up --build
[sudo] password for frank: 
Building mapgen-frontend
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.134MB
Step 1/15 : FROM debian:bullseye-slim
 ---> 5d941b17065a
Step 2/15 : ENV MAPFRNT_PKG="ca-certificates python3-cherrypy3 python3-genshi"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> f0efa56a07e9
Step 3/15 : ENV NGINX_PKG="nginx"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 64b225b1a575
Step 4/15 : ENV SUPERVISOR_PKG="supervisor"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 1dc445339b60
Step 5/15 : ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 28a98a529272
Step 6/15 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $MAPFRNT_PKG $NGINX_PKG $SUPERVISOR_PKG && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6016078d5233
Step 7/15 : COPY lib/ /opt/mapgen/lib/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0fcbf832183b
Step 8/15 : COPY bin/ /opt/mapgen/bin/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 52d296f20270
Step 9/15 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/jobs
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d9248d8ecf57
Step 10/15 : COPY ./container/frontend/files/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cfe9c7dd6c25
Step 11/15 : RUN ln -fs /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 29396baacf78
Step 12/15 : EXPOSE 9090
 ---> Using cache
 ---> ff016e98ce21
Step 13/15 : RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 76415856e420
Step 14/15 : COPY ./container/frontend/files/supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a3cee45adfdc
Step 15/15 : CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]
 ---> Using cache
 ---> aa2fae6fd52f
Successfully built aa2fae6fd52f
Successfully tagged ghcr.io/xcsoar/mapgen-frontend:latest
Building mapgen-worker
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.134MB
Step 1/9 : FROM debian:bullseye-slim
 ---> 5d941b17065a
Step 2/9 : ENV MAPWRK_PKGS="ca-certificates python3-jsonschema python3-requests p7zip gdal-bin mapserver-bin wget"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a59de0e1adcf
Step 3/9 : ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 314014120da4
Step 4/9 : RUN apt-get update && apt install -y --no-install-recommends $MAPWRK_PKGS && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 48970fe8cdf3
Step 5/9 : COPY lib/ /opt/mapgen/lib/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 3d67bf668274
Step 6/9 : COPY bin/ /opt/mapgen/bin/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cb63f1c54e09
Step 7/9 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/data
 ---> Using cache
 ---> bbb5238f31b6
Step 8/9 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/jobs
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5a18ccc8f8c5
Step 9/9 : ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/mapgen/bin/mapgen-worker"]
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cb15ed27d785
Successfully built cb15ed27d785
Successfully tagged ghcr.io/xcsoar/mapgen-worker:latest
Starting mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 ... done
Starting mapgen_mapgen-worker_1   ... done
Attaching to mapgen_mapgen-worker_1, mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1
mapgen-worker_1    | Traceback (most recent call last):
mapgen-worker_1    |   File "/opt/mapgen/bin/mapgen-worker", line 9, in <module>
mapgen-worker_1    |     from xcsoar.mapgen.server.worker import Worker
mapgen-worker_1    |   File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/server/worker.py", line 9, in <module>
mapgen-worker_1    |     from xcsoar.mapgen.generator import Generator
mapgen-worker_1    |   File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/generator.py", line 6, in <module>
mapgen-worker_1    |     from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints import welt2000cup
mapgen-worker_1    |   File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py", line 5, in <module>
mapgen-worker_1    |     from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints
mapgen-worker_1    |   File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py", line 4, in <module>
mapgen-worker_1    |     import cherrypy
mapgen-worker_1    | ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cherrypy'
mapgen-frontend_1  | /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/supervisor/options.py:474: UserWarning: Supervisord is running as root and it is searching for its configuration file in default locations (including its current working directory); you probably want to specify a "-c" argument specifying an absolute path to a configuration file for improved security.
mapgen-frontend_1  |   self.warnings.warn(
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,358 CRIT Supervisor is running as root.  Privileges were not dropped because no user is specified in the config file.  If you intend to run as root, you can set user=root in the config file to avoid this message.
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,358 INFO Included extra file "/etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf" during parsing
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 INFO RPC interface 'supervisor' initialized
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 CRIT Server 'unix_http_server' running without any HTTP authentication checking
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 INFO supervisord started with pid 1
mapgen_mapgen-worker_1 exited with code 1
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,364 INFO spawned: 'mapgen-frontend' with pid 8
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,366 INFO spawned: 'nginx_00' with pid 9
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,393 INFO success: nginx_00 entered RUNNING state, process has stayed up for > than 0 seconds (startsecs)
mapgen-frontend_1  | 2024-12-07 19:56:09,711 INFO success: mapgen-frontend entered RUNNING state, process has stayed up for > than 1 seconds (startsecs)

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker-compose up --build

[sudo] password for frank:

Building mapgen-frontend

Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.134MB

Step 1/15 : FROM debian:bullseye-slim

---> 5d941b17065a

Step 2/15 : ENV MAPFRNT_PKG="ca-certificates python3-cherrypy3 python3-genshi"

---> Using cache

---> f0efa56a07e9

Step 3/15 : ENV NGINX_PKG="nginx"

---> Using cache

---> 64b225b1a575

Step 4/15 : ENV SUPERVISOR_PKG="supervisor"

---> Using cache

---> 1dc445339b60

Step 5/15 : ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

---> Using cache

---> 28a98a529272

Step 6/15 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $MAPFRNT_PKG $NGINX_PKG $SUPERVISOR_PKG && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

---> Using cache

---> 6016078d5233

Step 7/15 : COPY lib/ /opt/mapgen/lib/

---> Using cache

---> 0fcbf832183b

Step 8/15 : COPY bin/ /opt/mapgen/bin/

---> Using cache

---> 52d296f20270

Step 9/15 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/jobs

---> Using cache

---> d9248d8ecf57

Step 10/15 : COPY ./container/frontend/files/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

---> Using cache

---> cfe9c7dd6c25

Step 11/15 : RUN ln -fs /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

---> Using cache

---> 29396baacf78

Step 12/15 : EXPOSE 9090

---> Using cache

---> ff016e98ce21

Step 13/15 : RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor

---> Using cache

---> 76415856e420

Step 14/15 : COPY ./container/frontend/files/supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf

---> Using cache

---> a3cee45adfdc

Step 15/15 : CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]

---> Using cache

---> aa2fae6fd52f

Successfully built aa2fae6fd52f

Successfully tagged ghcr.io/xcsoar/mapgen-frontend:latest

Building mapgen-worker

Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.134MB

Step 1/9 : FROM debian:bullseye-slim

---> 5d941b17065a

Step 2/9 : ENV MAPWRK_PKGS="ca-certificates python3-jsonschema python3-requests p7zip gdal-bin mapserver-bin wget"

---> Using cache

---> a59de0e1adcf

Step 3/9 : ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

---> Using cache

---> 314014120da4

Step 4/9 : RUN apt-get update && apt install -y --no-install-recommends $MAPWRK_PKGS && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

---> Using cache

---> 48970fe8cdf3

Step 5/9 : COPY lib/ /opt/mapgen/lib/

---> Using cache

---> 3d67bf668274

Step 6/9 : COPY bin/ /opt/mapgen/bin/

---> Using cache

---> cb63f1c54e09

Step 7/9 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/data

---> Using cache

---> bbb5238f31b6

Step 8/9 : VOLUME /opt/mapgen/jobs

---> Using cache

---> 5a18ccc8f8c5

Step 9/9 : ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/mapgen/bin/mapgen-worker"]

---> Using cache

---> cb15ed27d785

Successfully built cb15ed27d785

Successfully tagged ghcr.io/xcsoar/mapgen-worker:latest

Starting mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 ... done

Starting mapgen_mapgen-worker_1 ... done

Attaching to mapgen_mapgen-worker_1, mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1

mapgen-worker_1 | Traceback (most recent call last):

mapgen-worker_1 | File "/opt/mapgen/bin/mapgen-worker", line 9, in <module>

mapgen-worker_1 | from xcsoar.mapgen.server.worker import Worker

mapgen-worker_1 | File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/server/worker.py", line 9, in <module>

mapgen-worker_1 | from xcsoar.mapgen.generator import Generator

mapgen-worker_1 | File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/generator.py", line 6, in <module>

mapgen-worker_1 | from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints import welt2000cup

mapgen-worker_1 | File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py", line 5, in <module>

mapgen-worker_1 | from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints

mapgen-worker_1 | File "/opt/mapgen/lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py", line 4, in <module>

mapgen-worker_1 | import cherrypy

mapgen-worker_1 | ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cherrypy'

mapgen-frontend_1 | /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/supervisor/options.py:474: UserWarning: Supervisord is running as root and it is searching for its configuration file in default locations (including its current working directory); you probably want to specify a "-c" argument specifying an absolute path to a configuration file for improved security.

mapgen-frontend_1 | self.warnings.warn(

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,358 CRIT Supervisor is running as root. Privileges were not dropped because no user is specified in the config file. If you intend to run as root, you can set user=root in the config file to avoid this message.

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,358 INFO Included extra file "/etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf" during parsing

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 INFO RPC interface 'supervisor' initialized

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 CRIT Server 'unix_http_server' running without any HTTP authentication checking

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:07,362 INFO supervisord started with pid 1

mapgen_mapgen-worker_1 exited with code 1

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,364 INFO spawned: 'mapgen-frontend' with pid 8

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,366 INFO spawned: 'nginx_00' with pid 9

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:08,393 INFO success: nginx_00 entered RUNNING state, process has stayed up for > than 0 seconds (startsecs)

mapgen-frontend_1 | 2024-12-07 19:56:09,711 INFO success: mapgen-frontend entered RUNNING state, process has stayed up for > than 1 seconds (startsecs)

And here’s the commands (in a separate terminal) to start the logging output:

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash
[sudo] password for frank: 
Error response from daemon: Container 23c482b85ae1ca05524364fd47c03da46d5dbb6f35fe2e3ac8eb0be5e2a4324f is not running
frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash
root@23c482b85ae1:/# tail -f ./error.log 
[07/Dec/2024:15:22:57] ENGINE Bus EXITED
[07/Dec/2024:15:22:57] ENGINE Waiting for child threads to terminate...
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGHUP.
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGUSR1.
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Bus STARTING
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Started monitor thread '_TimeoutMonitor'.
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Bus STARTED

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash

[sudo] password for frank:

Error response from daemon: Container 23c482b85ae1ca05524364fd47c03da46d5dbb6f35fe2e3ac8eb0be5e2a4324f is not running

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ sudo docker exec -it mapgen_mapgen-frontend_1 bash

root@23c482b85ae1:/# tail -f ./error.log

[07/Dec/2024:15:22:57] ENGINE Bus EXITED

[07/Dec/2024:15:22:57] ENGINE Waiting for child threads to terminate...

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGHUP.

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Listening for SIGUSR1.

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Bus STARTING

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Started monitor thread '_TimeoutMonitor'.

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080

[07/Dec/2024:19:56:08] ENGINE Bus STARTED

So now I can run the web app at localhost:9090 on my linux box, and watch the action via cherrypy.log() statements – cool!

After a while I had narrowed down my search to the ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None)’ function in the ‘seeyou_reader.py’ file (repeated here for convenience).

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):
    waypoint_list = WaypointList()
    cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')

    first = True
    # wpnum = 0
    # for line in lines:
    #     wpnum = wpnum + 1
    #     cherrypy.log('wpnum = %s, line = %s' % (wpnum, line))

    wpnum = 0
    for line in lines:
        wpnum = wpnum + 1
        cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

        if first:
            first = False
            continue

        line = line.strip()
        cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

        if line == "name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc":
            continue

        if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):
            continue

        if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":
            break

        fields = []
        line = __CSVLine(line)
        cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

        while line.has_next():
            fields.append(next(line))

        if len(fields) < 6:
            continue

        lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])
        if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):
            continue

        lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])
        if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):
            continue

        wp = Waypoint()
        wp.lat = lat
        wp.lon = lon
        wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])
        wp.name = fields[0].strip()
        wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

        #cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

        if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:
            wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

        if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:
            wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

        if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:
            wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

        if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:
            wp.freq = float(fields[9])

        if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:
            wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

        cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

        waypoint_list.append(wp)
     

    return waypoint_list

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

waypoint_list = WaypointList()

cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')

first = True

# wpnum = 0

# for line in lines:

# wpnum = wpnum + 1

# cherrypy.log('wpnum = %s, line = %s' % (wpnum, line))

wpnum = 0

for line in lines:

wpnum = wpnum + 1

cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

if first:

first = False

continue

line = line.strip()

cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

if line == "name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc":

continue

if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):

continue

if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":

break

fields = []

line = __CSVLine(line)

cherrypy.log('in for loop after line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

while line.has_next():

fields.append(next(line))

if len(fields) < 6:

continue

lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])

if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):

continue

lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])

if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):

continue

wp = Waypoint()

wp.lat = lat

wp.lon = lon

wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])

wp.name = fields[0].strip()

wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

#cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:

wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:

wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:

wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:

wp.freq = float(fields[9])

if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:

wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

waypoint_list.append(wp)

return waypoint_list

Here’s the email I sent off to Folken:

I have successfully instrumented the code with cherrypy.log() statements to the point where I *think* I see the problem with handling .CUP waypoint files.  I have attached my instrumented version of 'seeyou_reader.py' so you can see the cherrypy.log() statements, along with the error.log showing the results from running the app.

From what I can tell right now, it appears that the 'parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):' function is called OK, but the 'for line in lines:' for loop terminates without processing any lines (don't know why at the moment).

I added a small 'for line in lines' for loop above the original one, and had it just list the lines in the file. It did so correctly, printing out all 825 waypoint strings.  Here is a small snippet from the end of error.log (full file attached)

root@b1113e2e7ccb:/# tail -f ./error.log
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 816, line = b'"LXNAV HQ",LXNAV HQ,,4614.085N,01516.631E,238.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 817, line = b'"SLJEME TOWER",SLJEME T,,4553.967N,01556.891E,1026.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 818, line = b'"Laufkraftwerk Fe",Laufkraf,,4632.797N,01417.903E,432.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 819, line = b'"Sostanj Power Pl",Sostanj ,,4622.372N,01502.904E,370.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 820, line = b'"Tauernmoossee",Tauernmo,,4709.612N,01238.527E,2008.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 821, line = b'"Weissee",Weissee,,4708.138N,01237.373E,2232.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 822, line = b'"Margaritze staus",Margarit,,4704.040N,01245.870E,1960.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 823, line = b'"Hochwurtenspeich",Hochwurt,,4701.033N,01300.433E,2402.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 824, line = b'"Koelnbrein Dam",Koelnbre,,4704.775N,01320.475E,1788.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50]  wpnum = 825, line = b'"Diga della Maina",Diga del,,4626.879N,01244.173E,978.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

Here's the output from error.log before I added the 'for' loop to write out all .CUP file lines:

[06/Dec/2024:00:58:46] ENGINE Bus STARTED
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  In the 'index.html' routine
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in parse_seeyou_waypoints function
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in for loop: wpnum = 1
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in for loop: wpnum = 2
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14]  in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  In the 'index.html' routine
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in parse_seeyou_waypoints function
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in for loop: wpnum = 1
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in for loop: wpnum = 2
[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40]  in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2
^C

As you can see, the original 'for' loop only runs twice - the first one (I think) just skips over the header line, as it should.  However, I don't think it should terminate with only two iterations as it is doing now.

I'll play with this a bit more and see if I can figure out exactly what is (or isn't) going on, but I thought you'd like to know that there is definitely something amiss in '  parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

Regards,

Frank

I have successfully instrumented the code with cherrypy.log() statements to the point where I *think* I see the problem with handling .CUP waypoint files. I have attached my instrumented version of 'seeyou_reader.py' so you can see the cherrypy.log() statements, along with the error.log showing the results from running the app.

From what I can tell right now, it appears that the 'parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):' function is called OK, but the 'for line in lines:' for loop terminates without processing any lines (don't know why at the moment).

I added a small 'for line in lines' for loop above the original one, and had it just list the lines in the file. It did so correctly, printing out all 825 waypoint strings. Here is a small snippet from the end of error.log (full file attached)

root@b1113e2e7ccb:/# tail -f ./error.log

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 816, line = b'"LXNAV HQ",LXNAV HQ,,4614.085N,01516.631E,238.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 817, line = b'"SLJEME TOWER",SLJEME T,,4553.967N,01556.891E,1026.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 818, line = b'"Laufkraftwerk Fe",Laufkraf,,4632.797N,01417.903E,432.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 819, line = b'"Sostanj Power Pl",Sostanj ,,4622.372N,01502.904E,370.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 820, line = b'"Tauernmoossee",Tauernmo,,4709.612N,01238.527E,2008.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 821, line = b'"Weissee",Weissee,,4708.138N,01237.373E,2232.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 822, line = b'"Margaritze staus",Margarit,,4704.040N,01245.870E,1960.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 823, line = b'"Hochwurtenspeich",Hochwurt,,4701.033N,01300.433E,2402.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 824, line = b'"Koelnbrein Dam",Koelnbre,,4704.775N,01320.475E,1788.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[06/Dec/2024:01:24:50] wpnum = 825, line = b'"Diga della Maina",Diga del,,4626.879N,01244.173E,978.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

Here's the output from error.log before I added the 'for' loop to write out all .CUP file lines:

[06/Dec/2024:00:58:46] ENGINE Bus STARTED

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] In the 'index.html' routine

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in parse_seeyou_waypoints function

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in for loop: wpnum = 1

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in for loop: wpnum = 2

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:14] in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] In the 'index.html' routine

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] params: name = sfasdfsdf, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] waypoint_file = slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in parse_seeyou_waypoints function

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in for loop: wpnum = 1

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in for loop: wpnum = 2

[06/Dec/2024:00:59:40] in for loop after line = line.strip(): wpnum = 2

As you can see, the original 'for' loop only runs twice - the first one (I think) just skips over the header line, as it should. However, I don't think it should terminate with only two iterations as it is doing now.

I'll play with this a bit more and see if I can figure out exactly what is (or isn't) going on, but I thought you'd like to know that there is definitely something amiss in ' parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

Regards,

Frank

After sleeping on this for a while, I realized there were two other mysteries associated with this file.

I noticed the waypoint printout from the temporary for loop at the start of the function showed the letter ‘b’ prepended on each waypoint line, and that isn’t what’s actually in the waypoint file. I have no idea how that letter got added, or even if it is real (could be some artifact of the way linux handles string output) – it’s a mystery.
I realized there was a disconnect between the syntax of the call to ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints()’ in ‘parser.py’ and the actual definition of the function in ‘seeyou_reader.py’. In parser.py the call is ‘return parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)’, but in seeyou_reader.py the definition is ‘def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):’ So parser.py is sending a file object, but seeyou_reader.py is expecting a ‘lines’ object (presumably the list of lines read in from the waypoint (.CUP) file).

Just to make sure I wasn’t blowing smoke, I did a ‘git grep parse_seeyou_waypoints’ in the repo directory and got the following:

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ git grep parse_seeyou_waypoints
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/parser.py:from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/parser.py:        return parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py:def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py:    cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py:from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints
lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py:        return parse_seeyou_waypoints(f, bounds)

frank@M6700:~/mapgen$ git grep parse_seeyou_waypoints

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/parser.py:from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/parser.py: return parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py:def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/seeyou_reader.py: cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function')

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py:from xcsoar.mapgen.waypoints.seeyou_reader import parse_seeyou_waypoints

lib/xcsoar/mapgen/waypoints/welt2000cup.py: return parse_seeyou_waypoints(f, bounds)

This shows there is exactly one call to parse_seeyou_waypoint(), so it’s clear that what is being sent is not what is expected. I’m not sure that this problem is the reason that waypoint files aren’t being processed, but is sure is a good bet.

So, what to do? It looks like both the parse_winpilot_waypoints() and parse_seeyou_waypoints functions are called with a ‘file’ parameter, and expect a ‘lines’ parameter, so it’s probably best to do the file->lines conversion in parse_waypoint_file(). Just as a sidenote, I noticed that ‘parse_winpilot_waypoints()’ doesn’t include a ‘bounds = None’ default parameter – wonder why?

08 December 2024 Update:

Well, I ran around in circles for quite a while, trying to get my head around the issue of ‘mixed signals’ – where the call from parser.py is: shows

parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)

1	parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)

but the definition of parse_seeyou_waypoints() in seeyou_reader.py is

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds = none)

1	def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds = none)

To add to the mystery, it is apparently OK to treat the ‘lines’ argument as a list of strings, so:

An error has occurred. Please try again later.

and this loop correctly prints out all the lines in the selected .CUP file (albeit with a leading ‘b’ that I can’t yet explain). So clearly there is some Python magic going on where a ‘file’ object gets turned into a ‘lines’ object on-the-fly!

09 December 2024 Update:

To try and clear up the ambiguity between ‘file’ and ‘lines’, I placed the following code into the ‘parse_waypoint_file(filename, file = none)’ function definition in parser.py

def parse_waypoint_file(filename, file=None):
    cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: filename = %s' % filename)
    if not file:
        cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: if not file block with filename = %s' % filename)

    else:
        lines = file.readlines()

        cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: %s lines read from %s' %(len(lines), filename))
        wpnum = 0
        for line in lines:
            wpnum+=1
            cherrypy.log('line%s: %s' % (wpnum, line))

def parse_waypoint_file(filename, file=None):

cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: filename = %s' % filename)

if not file:

cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: if not file block with filename = %s' % filename)

else:

lines = file.readlines()

cherrypy.log('in parse_waypoint_file: %s lines read from %s' %(len(lines), filename))

wpnum = 0

for line in lines:

wpnum+=1

cherrypy.log('line%s: %s' % (wpnum, line))

When I refreshed the web app, I immediately got the printout of all the lines in the file, even though the ‘Waypoint File:’ box showed ‘no file selected’. I suspect this is because the file information from the last selection is cached.

I closed and re-opened the web site (‘x’ed out the tab and then retyped ‘localhost:9090’ in a new tab), and then re-started the web app. This time the only readout was ‘At the top of the index.html function, with params = {}’.

Then I entered a map name and my email address clicked on the ‘Browse’ button and selected the ‘Slovenia.cup’ file. This did not trigger the code in parser.py.

Then I clicked on the ‘Generate’ button and this triggered the ‘lines’ display. Then I entered ‘F5’ to regenerate the page, and the line list printout was triggered again. So, I think it’s clear that the site chaches entry data.

OK, I think I might have gotten somewhere; so the line I added in parser.py/parse_waypoint_file(filename, file=None):

lines = file.readlines()

1	lines = file.readlines()

Works as expected, and loads the ‘lines’ object with a list of lines in the file. In addition, I could now change the call to ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints’ as follows:

    #return parse_seeyou_waypoints(file)
     return parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines)#241207 gfp bugfix:

1 2	#return parse_seeyou_waypoints(file) return parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines)#241207 gfp bugfix:

Thereby (at least for me) getting rid of the headache I experienced every time I looked at the disconnect between the way parse_seeyou_waypoints was called from parse_waypoint_file and the way it is defined in seeyou_reader.py. When I run this configuration, I get the full waypoint list printout in both parse_waypoint_file() and parse_seeyou_waypoints() – yay!

However, we are still left with the original problem, which is that .CUP (and probably .DAT) files aren’t getting processed properly. I am now starting to believe that the ‘b’ character prepended on all the lines read in from the waypoint file is actually there. If that were in fact the case, that might well explain why the processing loop quits after line 1 (or maybe after line 2 – not entirely sure). When viewed in a normal text viewer like Notepad++ in windows, or in https://filehelper.com/view, I see:

name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc

"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,

"Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,

"Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,

"Admonterhaus",Admonter,,4737.917N,01429.483E,1720.0m,1,,,,

"Aflenz Kirche",Aflenz K,,4732.717N,01514.467E,772.0m,1,,,,

name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc

"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,

"Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,

"Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,

"Admonterhaus",Admonter,,4737.917N,01429.483E,1720.0m,1,,,,

"Aflenz Kirche",Aflenz K,,4732.717N,01514.467E,772.0m,1,,,,

but when I use ‘cherrypy.log(‘line%s: %s’ % (wpnum, line)) in a loop to display the lines in a linux terminal window, I get:

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line1: b'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line2: b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line3: b'"Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line4: b'"Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line5: b'"Admonterhaus",Admonter,,4737.917N,01429.483E,1720.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line6: b'"Aflenz Kirche",Aflenz K,,4732.717N,01514.467E,772.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line7: b'"Afritz Church",Afritz C,,4643.650N,01347.983E,710.0m,1,,,,\r\n'
[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08]  line8: b'"Aich Assac Chp",Aich Ass,,4725.480N,01351.460E,736.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line1: b'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line2: b'"Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line3: b'"Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line4: b'"Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line5: b'"Admonterhaus",Admonter,,4737.917N,01429.483E,1720.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line6: b'"Aflenz Kirche",Aflenz K,,4732.717N,01514.467E,772.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line7: b'"Afritz Church",Afritz C,,4643.650N,01347.983E,710.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

[09/Dec/2024:23:37:08] line8: b'"Aich Assac Chp",Aich Ass,,4725.480N,01351.460E,736.0m,1,,,,\r\n'

10 December 2024 Update:

So, the problem with the leading ‘b’ turned out to be an issue with the binary-to-ascii decoder used in cherrypy.log() statements. Because no decoder was specified, I got no decoding – hence the leading ‘b’. Once I bought a clue from yet another post to StackExchange, I prefixed any log statements with something like

line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2') #gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display

1	line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2') #gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display

The ‘ISO-8859-2’ decoder was used because some waypoints use eastern European accent marks.

At the end of the day today, I had worked my way through a number of other minor and not-so-minor problems (most caused by stupidity on my part), and arrived at the point where the code is properly processing the Slovenia3.cup file, at least as far as extracting field elements from the lines, as shown below:

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  At the top of the index.html function, with params = {'name': 'Slovenia', 'mail': 'paynterf@gmail.com', 'level_of_detail': '3', 'selection': 'waypoint', 'waypoint_file': <cherrypy._cpreqbody.Part object at 0x7f8250240d90>, 'left': '', 'right': '', 'bottom': '', 'top': ''}
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  params: name = Slovenia, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  waypoint_file = <_io.BufferedRandom name=7>, waypoint_filename = Slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  waypoint_file = <_io.BufferedRandom name=7>
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  in parse_waypoint_file: 825 lines read from Slovenia3.cup
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  in parse_seeyou_waypoints function:
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 1: name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  header line found at row 1: name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 2: "Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  extracted fields for line = 2
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[0] = Abfaltersb Chp
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[1] = Abfalter
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[2] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[3] = 4645.518N
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[4] = 01232.392E
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[5] = 952.0m
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[6] = 1
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[7] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[8] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[9] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 3: "Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  extracted fields for line = 3
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[0] = Admont Chp
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[1] = Admont C
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[2] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[3] = 4734.994N
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[4] = 01427.156E
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[5] = 628.0m
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[6] = 1
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[7] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[8] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[9] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 4: "Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  extracted fields for line = 4
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[0] = Admont Stift Kir
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[1] = Admont S
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[2] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[3] = 4734.517N
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[4] = 01427.700E
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[5] = 646.0m
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[6] = 1
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[7] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[8] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[9] = 
.
.
.
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 26: "Amzs KoĂ˘âĂ",Amzs KoĂ,,4539.139N,01450.914E,470.0m,1,,,,
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  extracted fields for line = 26
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[0] = Amzs KoĂ˘âĂ
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[1] = Amzs KoĂ
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[2] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[3] = 4539.139N
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[4] = 01450.914E
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[5] = 470.0m
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[6] = 1
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[7] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[8] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[9] = 
.
.
.
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  for loop row 825: "Diga della Maina",Diga del,,4626.879N,01244.173E,978.0m,1,,,,
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]  extracted fields for line = 825
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[0] = Diga della Maina
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[1] = Diga del
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[2] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[3] = 4626.879N
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[4] = 01244.173E
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[5] = 978.0m
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[6] = 1
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[7] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[8] = 
[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01]   field[9] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] At the top of the index.html function, with params = {'name': 'Slovenia', 'mail': 'paynterf@gmail.com', 'level_of_detail': '3', 'selection': 'waypoint', 'waypoint_file': <cherrypy._cpreqbody.Part object at 0x7f8250240d90>, 'left': '', 'right': '', 'bottom': '', 'top': ''}

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] params: name = Slovenia, mail = paynterf@gmail.com, detail = 3

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] waypoint_file = <_io.BufferedRandom name=7>, waypoint_filename = Slovenia3.cup, selection = waypoint

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] waypoint_file = <_io.BufferedRandom name=7>

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] in TRY block filename = slovenia3.cup

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] in parse_waypoint_file: filename = Slovenia3.cup

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] in parse_waypoint_file: 825 lines read from Slovenia3.cup

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] in parse_waypoint_file filename.lower().endswith(".cup"): filename = Slovenia3.cup

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] in parse_seeyou_waypoints function:

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 1: name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] header line found at row 1: name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 2: "Abfaltersb Chp",Abfalter,,4645.518N,01232.392E,952.0m,1,,,,

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] extracted fields for line = 2

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[0] = Abfaltersb Chp

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[1] = Abfalter

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[2] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[3] = 4645.518N

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[4] = 01232.392E

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[5] = 952.0m

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[6] = 1

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[7] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[8] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[9] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 3: "Admont Chp",Admont C,,4734.994N,01427.156E,628.0m,1,,,,

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] extracted fields for line = 3

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[0] = Admont Chp

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[1] = Admont C

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[2] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[3] = 4734.994N

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[4] = 01427.156E

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[5] = 628.0m

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[6] = 1

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[7] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[8] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[9] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 4: "Admont Stift Kir",Admont S,,4734.517N,01427.700E,646.0m,1,,,,

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] extracted fields for line = 4

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[0] = Admont Stift Kir

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[1] = Admont S

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[2] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[3] = 4734.517N

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[4] = 01427.700E

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[5] = 646.0m

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[6] = 1

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[7] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[8] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[9] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 26: "Amzs KoĂ˘âĂ",Amzs KoĂ,,4539.139N,01450.914E,470.0m,1,,,,

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] extracted fields for line = 26

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[0] = Amzs KoĂ˘âĂ

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[1] = Amzs KoĂ

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[2] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[3] = 4539.139N

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[4] = 01450.914E

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[5] = 470.0m

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[6] = 1

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[7] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[8] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[9] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] for loop row 825: "Diga della Maina",Diga del,,4626.879N,01244.173E,978.0m,1,,,,

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] extracted fields for line = 825

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[0] = Diga della Maina

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[1] = Diga del

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[2] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[3] = 4626.879N

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[4] = 01244.173E

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[5] = 978.0m

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[6] = 1

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[7] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[8] =

[10/Dec/2024:23:15:01] field[9] =

As shown in the printout for row 26, the eastern European accent marks are being handled properly. The ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints()’ function responsible for this is shown below: Note that not all of this function is enabled yet – that’s next!

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):
    waypoint_list = WaypointList()
    cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function:')

    #gfp 241210: modified to wait for header line before processing
    #gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display

    #gfp 241208 added to print out all lines in selected .CUP file
    # wpnum = 0
    # for byteline in lines:
    #     wpnum = wpnum + 1
    #     line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2')

    header = 'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc'

    wpnum = 0
    for byteline in lines:
        wpnum = wpnum + 1
        line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2') #gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display
        line = line.strip()

        # cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))
        cherrypy.log(f'for loop row {wpnum}: {line}')

        #check for blank lines or comments
        if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):
            continue

        if header in line: 
            cherrypy.log(f'header line found at row {wpnum}: {line}')
            continue #skip to next line (first waypoint line)

        if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":
            cherrypy.log('In -----Related Tasks----: line = %s' % line)
            break

        # cherrypy.log('in for loop before line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

        fields = []
        # line = __CSVLine(line)
        CSVline = __CSVLine(line)
        cherrypy.log(f'row {wpnum}: line = __CSVLine(line) ->> {line}')

        # while line.has_next():
        #     fields.append(next(line))

        while CSVline.has_next():
            fields.append(next(CSVline))


        #display fields for this line
        cherrypy.log('extracted fields for line = %s' %wpnum)
        idx = 0
        for field in fields:
            cherrypy.log(f' field[{idx}] = {field}')
            idx += 1


    #     if len(fields) < 6:
    #         continue

    #     lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])
    #     if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):
    #         continue

    #     lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])
    #     if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):
    #         continue

    #     wp = Waypoint()
    #     wp.lat = lat
    #     wp.lon = lon
    #     wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])
    #     wp.name = fields[0].strip()
    #     wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

    #     #cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

    #     if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:
    #         wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

    #     if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:
    #         wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

    #     if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:
    #         wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

    #     if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:
    #         wp.freq = float(fields[9])

    #     if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:
    #         wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

    #     cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

    #     waypoint_list.append(wp)
     

    # return waypoint_list

def parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None):

waypoint_list = WaypointList()

cherrypy.log('in parse_seeyou_waypoints function:')

#gfp 241210: modified to wait for header line before processing

#gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display

#gfp 241208 added to print out all lines in selected .CUP file

# wpnum = 0

# for byteline in lines:

# wpnum = wpnum + 1

# line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2')

header = 'name,code,country,lat,lon,elev,style,rwdir,rwlen,freq,desc'

wpnum = 0

for byteline in lines:

wpnum = wpnum + 1

line = byteline.decode('ISO-8859-2') #gfp 241210: added 'ISO-8859-2' decoding for correct cherrypy logging display

line = line.strip()

# cherrypy.log('in for loop: wpnum = %s line = %s' %(wpnum, line))

cherrypy.log(f'for loop row {wpnum}: {line}')

#check for blank lines or comments

if line == "" or line.startswith("*"):

continue

if header in line:

cherrypy.log(f'header line found at row {wpnum}: {line}')

continue #skip to next line (first waypoint line)

if line == "-----Related Tasks-----":

cherrypy.log('In -----Related Tasks----: line = %s' % line)

break

# cherrypy.log('in for loop before line = __CSVLine(line): wpnum = %s' %wpnum)

fields = []

# line = __CSVLine(line)

CSVline = __CSVLine(line)

cherrypy.log(f'row {wpnum}: line = __CSVLine(line) ->> {line}')

# while line.has_next():

# fields.append(next(line))

while CSVline.has_next():

fields.append(next(CSVline))

#display fields for this line

cherrypy.log('extracted fields for line = %s' %wpnum)

idx = 0

for field in fields:

cherrypy.log(f' field[{idx}] = {field}')

idx += 1

# if len(fields) < 6:

# continue

# lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])

# if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):

# continue

# lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])

# if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):

# continue

# wp = Waypoint()

# wp.lat = lat

# wp.lon = lon

# wp.altitude = __parse_altitude(fields[5])

# wp.name = fields[0].strip()

# wp.country_code = fields[2].strip()

# #cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

# if len(fields) > 6 and len(fields[6]) > 0:

# wp.cup_type = int(fields[6])

# if len(fields) > 7 and len(fields[7]) > 0:

# wp.runway_dir = int(fields[7])

# if len(fields) > 8 and len(fields[8]) > 0:

# wp.runway_len = __parse_length(fields[8])

# if len(fields) > 9 and len(fields[9]) > 0:

# wp.freq = float(fields[9])

# if len(fields) > 10 and len(fields[10]) > 0:

# wp.comment = fields[10].strip()

# cherrypy.log('waypoint %s: name = %s' %(wpnum, wp.name))

# waypoint_list.append(wp)

# return waypoint_list

11 December 2024 Update:

I uncommented the rest of the parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines, bounds=None) function, and except for an oddity regarding the default parameter ‘bounds’, it all seemed to function OK. When parse_waypoint_file() calls parse_seeyou_waypoints() it doesn’t use the ‘bounds’ argument, so it is set to ‘None’ at the start of that function. And, there is nothing in the function to initialize ‘bounds’ to anything, so I’m not sure why it was included in the first place. The ‘bounds’ object is referenced twice, as follows:

        lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])
        if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):
            continue

        lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])
        if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):
            continue

lat = __parse_coordinate(fields[3])

if bounds and (lat > bounds.top or lat < bounds.bottom):

continue

lon = __parse_coordinate(fields[4])

if bounds and (lon > bounds.right or lon < bounds.left):

continue

but since ‘bounds’ is never initialized and is always ‘None’, these two ‘if’ statements always fail. This is definitely fishy – maybe the original coder had something in mind that never got included?

As I understand things so far, the purpose of ‘parse_seeyou_waypoints(()’ is to create a list of waypoint objects and return it to the calling function with

return waypoint_list

1	return waypoint_list

Since the calling code in ‘parse_waypoint_file()’ is:

        return parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines)#241207 gfp bugfix:

1	return parse_seeyou_waypoints(lines)#241207 gfp bugfix:

I think this means that whatever calls ‘parse_waypoint_file()’ receives the now-filled waypoint list. This appears to be the calling code in ‘server.py’:

    try:
        filename = waypoint_file.filename.lower()
        cherrypy.log('in TRY block filename = %s' % filename)

        if not filename.endswith(".dat") and (
            filename.endswith(".dat") or not filename.endswith(".cup")
        ):
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(
                    waypoint_file.filename
                )
            )
        desc.bounds = parse_waypoint_file(
            waypoint_file.filename, waypoint_file.file
        ).get_bounds()
        desc.waypoint_file = (
            "waypoints.cup" if filename.endswith(".cup") else "waypoints.dat"
        )
    except:
        return view.render(
            error="Unsupported waypoint file " + waypoint_file.filename
        ) | HTMLFormFiller(data=params)

try:

filename = waypoint_file.filename.lower()

cherrypy.log('in TRY block filename = %s' % filename)

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and (

filename.endswith(".dat") or not filename.endswith(".cup")

raise RuntimeError(

"Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(

waypoint_file.filename

)

desc.bounds = parse_waypoint_file(

waypoint_file.filename, waypoint_file.file

).get_bounds()

desc.waypoint_file = (

"waypoints.cup" if filename.endswith(".cup") else "waypoints.dat"

)

except:

return view.render(

error="Unsupported waypoint file " + waypoint_file.filename

) | HTMLFormFiller(data=params)

So server.py calls parse_waypoint_file with the filename and the file object (pointer?). parse_waypoint_file extracts a list of lines from the file, and then passes that list to (for the .CUP file case) to parse_seeyou_waypoints(), and gets a waypoint list back, which is then calls the ‘.get_bounds()’ method in the waypoint list class. The ‘get_bounds() method is declared in the ‘WaypointList’ class as follows:

class WaypointList:
    def __init__(self):
        self.__list = []

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.__list)

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        if i < 0 or i > len(self):
            return None
        return self.__list[i]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.__list)

    def append(self, wp):
        if not isinstance(wp, Waypoint):
            raise TypeError("Waypoint expected")

        self.__list.append(wp)

    def extend(self, wp_list):
        if not isinstance(wp_list, WaypointList):
            raise TypeError("WaypointList expected")

        self.__list.extend(wp_list)

    def get_bounds(self, offset_distance=15.0):
        rc = GeoRect(180, -180, -90, 90)
        for wp in self.__list:
            cherrypy.log(f'In list.py: {wp.name}, lat: {wp.lat:.3f}, lon: {wp.lon:.3f}')
            rc.left = min(rc.left, wp.lon)
            rc.right = max(rc.right, wp.lon)
            rc.top = max(rc.top, wp.lat)
            rc.bottom = min(rc.bottom, wp.lat)

        rc.expand(offset_distance)
        cherrypy.log(f'In list.py - final rc: left {rc.left:3f}, right: {rc.right:.3f}, top: {rc.top:.3f}, bot {rc.bottom:.3f}')

        return rc

class WaypointList:

def __init__(self):

self.__list = []

def __len__(self):

return len(self.__list)

def __getitem__(self, i):

if i < 0 or i > len(self):

return None

return self.__list[i]

def __iter__(self):

return iter(self.__list)

def append(self, wp):

if not isinstance(wp, Waypoint):

raise TypeError("Waypoint expected")

self.__list.append(wp)

def extend(self, wp_list):

if not isinstance(wp_list, WaypointList):

raise TypeError("WaypointList expected")

self.__list.extend(wp_list)

def get_bounds(self, offset_distance=15.0):

rc = GeoRect(180, -180, -90, 90)

for wp in self.__list:

cherrypy.log(f'In list.py: {wp.name}, lat: {wp.lat:.3f}, lon: {wp.lon:.3f}')

rc.left = min(rc.left, wp.lon)

rc.right = max(rc.right, wp.lon)

rc.top = max(rc.top, wp.lat)

rc.bottom = min(rc.bottom, wp.lat)

rc.expand(offset_distance)

cherrypy.log(f'In list.py - final rc: left {rc.left:3f}, right: {rc.right:.3f}, top: {rc.top:.3f}, bot {rc.bottom:.3f}')

return rc

When instrumented as shown above to print out the final min/max lat/lons, I got the following:

[12/Dec/2024:02:31:37]  In list.py - final rc: left 12.247120, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

1	[12/Dec/2024:02:31:37] In list.py - final rc: left 12.247120, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

Comparing the above figures with the actual Slovenia map in Condor2, they cover the measured map extents quite nicely – yay!

12 December 2024 Update:

While looking through the code in server.py, I ran across the following ‘if’ statement:

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and (
    filename.endswith(".dat") or not filename.endswith(".cup")
):
    raise RuntimeError(
        "Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(
            waypoint_file.filename
        )
    )

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and (

filename.endswith(".dat") or not filename.endswith(".cup")

raise RuntimeError(

"Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(

waypoint_file.filename

)

The intent of the above boolean expression is to warn the user that the extension of the selected file is neither ‘.DAT’ nor ‘.CUP’. So, if the extension is .DAT then the expression is false immediately, and therefore the warning is not emitted. If the extension isn’t .DAT, then the second half of the expression is evaluated, and it is true only if the file extension is NOT .CUP. So, it works but it sure is confusing. A much better way of writing this would be

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and not filename.endswith(".cup")
):
    raise RuntimeError(
        "Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(
            waypoint_file.filename
        )
    )

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and not filename.endswith(".cup")

raise RuntimeError(

"Waypoint file {} has an unsupported format.".format(

waypoint_file.filename

)

if not filename.endswith(".dat") and not filename.endswith(".cup"):

1	if not filename.endswith(".dat") and not filename.endswith(".cup"):

At the end of the day I had things running pretty well, and I added a line in server.py to print out the min/max lat/lon values calculated from parsing the ‘slovenia3.cup’ file, resulting in the following output:

in server.py: slovenia3.cup bounds: left = 12.247, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

1	in server.py: slovenia3.cup bounds: left = 12.247, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

18 December 2024 Update:

At this point, I have the website working to the point where it can successfully parse either a .CUP file or a .DAT file and print the bounds in the ‘error’ field on the web page. In order to get to this place, I actually wrote a small python script to convert back and forth between .CUP and .DAT formats, so that I could test MapGen using the same exact waypoints in both formats. The calculated bounds, of course, should also be identical.

Here’s the bounds output from Slovenia3.dat:

slovenia3.dat bounds: left = 12.247, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

1	slovenia3.dat bounds: left = 12.247, right: 17.041, top: 47.921, bot 45.351

01 January 2025 Update:

I figured out how to create a ‘Pull Request’ back to the original mapgen repro, and Folken actually looked at it – wow! After a few back and forths, I made the changes he requested and made a new commit to my repro (which he can now see via the PR).

git commit -a --long (shows what will be changed without actually doing it)
git commit -a (commits all modified files to the repo)
Add descriptive text at the prompt

git commit -a --long (shows what will be changed without actually doing it)

git commit -a (commits all modified files to the repo)

Add descriptive text at the prompt

STM32 Firmware Debug Study

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Posted 10 November 2024

Last month I tried ‘Klipperizing’ my Flashforge Creator Pro 2 (FFCP2) IDEX 3D printer, and it was an unmitigated disaster. After uploading the Klipper firmware, the printer refused to boot up, and I eventually I had to buy and install a new motherboard to regain functionality. Since then I have discovered that my original motherboard seems to be undamaged, but I can’t get it to boot into the FFCP2 firmware.

So, I have embarked on a quest to figure out how to restore FFCP2 functionality to my original STM32-based FFCP2 motherboard.

I started on this journey with one of the ‘blue pill’ devices I happened to have in my parts drawer. They are generally based on the STM32F1 series, so hopefully not different enough from the STM32F407 to matter.

To start with, I connected up my laptop to the ‘blue pill’ board using a ST-LINK clone and was able to program it via VS2022/VsMicro with the ST-LINK upload option selected, as shown in the following screenshot (note – this was done with the ‘blue pill’ jumpers set as shown in this photo):

And here is part of the ‘verbose’ build output:

Program BluePill size: 12924 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (2.27 secs)
Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)
 
# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'
# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'
Uploader started for board Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)
Upload method will be: bootloader
Uploading via Bootloader 
Resetting to bootloader via Serial
Serial reset
Reset via USB Serial completed
c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\stlink_upload.bat "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"
STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.3.0.0
	The upload process has finished.
STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface
ST-LINK SN: 0F0017000C2D363637365744
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J37S7 (Need Update)
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: Normal
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x410 
Device flash Size: 128 Kbytes
Device family: STM32F10xx Medium-density
Loading file...
Flash Programming:
  File : C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.ino.bin
  Address : 0x08000000
Memory programming...
±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± 0%
 0%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 59%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 100%
Memory programmed in 0s and 610ms.
Programming Complete.
MCU Reset.
Application started.

Program BluePill size: 12924 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (2.27 secs)

Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)

# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'

# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'

Uploader started for board Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)

Upload method will be: bootloader

Uploading via Bootloader

Resetting to bootloader via Serial

Serial reset

Reset via USB Serial completed

c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\stlink_upload.bat "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"

STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.3.0.0

The upload process has finished.

STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface

ST-LINK SN: 0F0017000C2D363637365744

ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J37S7 (Need Update)

Connected via SWD.

SWD Frequency = 4000K.

Target voltage = 3.2 V

Connection mode: Normal

Reset mode: Software reset

Device ID: 0x410

Device flash Size: 128 Kbytes

Device family: STM32F10xx Medium-density

Loading file...

Flash Programming:

File : C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.ino.bin

Address : 0x08000000

Memory programming...

±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± 0%

0%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 59%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 100%

Memory programmed in 0s and 610ms.

Programming Complete.

MCU Reset.

Application started.

I also tried some of the different upload modes advertised in the vMicro menu, as shown in the following conversation from the vMicro forum:

Thanks for the report, and that sounds like an interesting though difficult project.

STLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)
CPUTap Error seems to be due to the F1x expecting the IDCode "0x1ba01477" from the MCU, wheras the board is reporting "0x2ba01477" which is in the F2x configuration.  We will look at why this configuration isn't working, however as the STLiNK option works, it is best to continue with that currently.

STM32DuinoBootloader
The error suggests you don't have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed, or it as not been added to the PATH Environment Variable in Windows.  Once installed correctly you should be able to open a command line and type "java --version", and it will display the version information for the JRE Installed.

I believe this uses a modified Maple DFU Bootloader, which can be found in the STM32Duino documentation below:
https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/wiki/Upload-methods#maple-dfu-b...

Serial
This requires the bootloader to be flashed to the Bluepill which supports Serial Upload.  Instructions are linked on the "Bootloader" tab on the below page:
https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STMicroelectronics-STM32-Overview.aspx

Thanks for the report, and that sounds like an interesting though difficult project.

STLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)

CPUTap Error seems to be due to the F1x expecting the IDCode "0x1ba01477" from the MCU, wheras the board is reporting "0x2ba01477" which is in the F2x configuration. We will look at why this configuration isn't working, however as the STLiNK option works, it is best to continue with that currently.

STM32DuinoBootloader

The error suggests you don't have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed, or it as not been added to the PATH Environment Variable in Windows. Once installed correctly you should be able to open a command line and type "java --version", and it will display the version information for the JRE Installed.

I believe this uses a modified Maple DFU Bootloader, which can be found in the STM32Duino documentation below:

https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/wiki/Upload-methods#maple-dfu-b...

Serial

This requires the bootloader to be flashed to the Bluepill which supports Serial Upload. Instructions are linked on the "Bootloader" tab on the below page:

https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STMicroelectronics-STM32-Overview.aspx

After receiving this input, I installed the JRE, confirmed it was actually there, and then tried the ‘STM32DuinoBootloader’ option again using the USB connector. It still failed, with the output shown below:

Board Properties

name=Generic STM32F103C series
vid.0=0x1EAF
pid.0=0x0004
build.variant=generic_stm32f103c
build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8002000
build.core=maple
build.board=GENERIC_STM32F103C
build.error_led_port=GPIOC
build.error_led_pin=13
upload.use_1200bps_touch=false
upload.file_type=bin
upload.auto_reset=true
upload.tool=maple_upload
upload.protocol=maple_dfu
menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8=STM32F103C8 (20k RAM. 64k Flash)
menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103C8
menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.build.ldscript=ld/jtag_c8.ld
menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.upload.maximum_size=65536
menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.upload.maximum_data_size=20480
menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB=STM32F103CB (20k RAM. 128k Flash)
menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103CB
menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.build.ldscript=ld/jtag.ld
menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.upload.maximum_size=131072
menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.upload.maximum_data_size=20480
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod=STM32duino bootloader
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.protocol=maple_dfu
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.tool=maple_upload
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8002000
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.ldscript=ld/bootloader_20.ld
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.usbID=1EAF:0003
menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.altID=2
menu.upload_method.serialMethod=Serial
menu.upload_method.serialMethod.upload.protocol=maple_serial
menu.upload_method.serialMethod.upload.tool=serial_upload
menu.upload_method.serialMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG
menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod=STLink
menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.upload.protocol=STLink
menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.upload.tool=stlink_upload
menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG=1 -DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER
menu.upload_method.BMPMethod=BMP (Black Magic Probe)
menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.upload.protocol=gdb_bmp
menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.upload.tool=bmp_upload
menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG
menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod=JLink
menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.upload.protocol=jlink
menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.upload.tool=jlink_upload
menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG=1 -DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER
menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod=HID bootloader 2.0
menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.upload.tool=hid_upload
menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER
menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8001000
menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.ldscript=ld/hid_bootloader.ld
menu.cpu_speed.speed_72mhz=72Mhz (Normal)
menu.cpu_speed.speed_72mhz.build.f_cpu=72000000L
menu.cpu_speed.speed_48mhz=48Mhz (Slow - with USB)
menu.cpu_speed.speed_48mhz.build.f_cpu=48000000L
menu.cpu_speed.speed_128mhz=Overclocked 128Mhz NO USB SERIAL. MANUAL RESET NEEDED TO UPLOAD
menu.cpu_speed.speed_128mhz.build.f_cpu=128000000L
menu.opt.osstd=Smallest (default)
menu.opt.o1std=Fast (-O1)
menu.opt.o1std.build.flags.optimize=-O1
menu.opt.o1std.build.flags.ldspecs=
menu.opt.o2std=Faster (-O2)
menu.opt.o2std.build.flags.optimize=-O2
menu.opt.o2std.build.flags.ldspecs=
menu.opt.o3std=Fastest (-O3)
menu.opt.o3std.build.flags.optimize=-O3
menu.opt.o3std.build.flags.ldspecs=
menu.opt.ogstd=Debug (-g)
menu.opt.ogstd.build.flags.optimize=-Og
menu.opt.ogstd.build.flags.ldspecs=
vm.debug.class_type=VM_DBT_USBSERIAL
vm.debug.main_port_name=Serial
tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg
menu.upload_method.f2232h=F2232H Dual RS232 + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.f2232h.upload.tool=ftdiocd
menu.upload_method.f2232h.upload.openocddebugger=ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg
menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h=F2232H Single RS232 + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h.upload.tool=ftdiocd
menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h.upload.openocddebugger=ftdi/um232h.cfg
menu.upload_method.ft2232mm=JLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.ft2232mm.upload.tool=jlinkocd
menu.upload_method.ft2232mm.upload.openocddebugger=jlink.cfg
menu.upload_method.stlinkv2=STLink v2 + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.stlinkv2.upload.tool=openocd
menu.upload_method.stlinkv2.upload.openocddebugger=stlink.cfg
menu.upload_method.stlinkv21=STLink v2.1 + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.stlinkv21.upload.tool=openocd
menu.upload_method.stlinkv21.upload.openocddebugger=stlink.cfg
menu.upload_method.bmp=Black Magic + GDB (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.bmp.upload.tool=vmbmp
menu.upload_method.bmp.upload.openocddebugger=
menu.upload_method.daplink=DAPLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)
menu.upload_method.daplink.upload.tool=daplink
runtime.ide.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\ide
runtime.os=windows
build.system.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\system
runtime.ide.version=108010
target_package=stm32duino
target_platform=STM32F1
runtime.hardware.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1
originalid=genericSTM32F103C
_id=genericSTM32F103C
intellisense.tools.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}
intellisense.include.paths={runtime.tools.CMSIS.path}/CMSIS/Core/Include/;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\tr1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\sys;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\arm-none-eabi\bits; {intellisense.tools.path}\lib\gcc\arm-none-eabi\9.2.1\include;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\tr1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\arm-none-eabi\bits;{intellisense.tools.path}\lib\gcc\arm-none-eabi\4.8.3\include;{vm.intellisense.add-paths}
upload.8dot3=false
tools.gdb.pre_init.tool=openocd
tools.gdb.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.gdb.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.gdb.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" -interpreter=mi -d "{build.project_path}"
tools.gdb.openocd.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.gdb.openocd.path={runtime.vm.ide.tools.openocd.path}
tools.gdb.openocd.params.verbose=-d2
tools.gdb.openocd.params.quiet=-d0
tools.gdb.openocd.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" -l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}" -s "{path}/scripts/" -f "{path}/scripts/{build.openocdscript}"
tools.openocd.debug.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.openocd.debug.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.openocd.debug.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.openocd.debug.params.verbose=-d2
tools.openocd.debug.params.quiet=-d0
tools.openocd.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.openocd.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.openocd.debug.args={params.verbose} -l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}" -s"{path}/scripts/" -f "{path}/scripts/interface/{build.openocddebugger}" -f "{path}/scripts/{build.openocdscript}" {initCmd}
tools.openocd.debug.address=localhost:3333
tools.bmp_upload.debug.args=-nh -b 115200 -ex "target extended-remote \.\{serial.debug.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1"
tools.f2232h.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
tools.f2232mm.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
tools.jlink.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.targetCmd=-f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
tools.stlinkv2.debug.args=-ex "flushregs" -ex "continue"
tools.daplink.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"
debug_menu.hwdebugger.bmp=Black Magic (External)
debug_menu.hwdebugger.bmp.debug.tool=bmp_upload
meta_bmp.sentence=This debugger requires the 20-pin ribbon cable to link to your target, see connections below
meta_bmp.comment=Ensure the COM Port for the Black Magic is selected before attaching the Debugger. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_bmp.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-BMP-Connections.png
meta_bmp.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-BMP-VSOnly.png
meta_bmp.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232h=F2232H Dual RS232
debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232h.debug.tool=f2232h
meta_f2232h.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board
meta_f2232h.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_f2232h.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-FT2232H-Connections.png
meta_f2232h.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.cjmcuf2232h=F2232H Single RS232
debug_menu.hwdebugger.cjmcuf2232h.debug.tool=cjmcuf2232h
meta_cjmcuf2232h.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board
meta_cjmcuf2232h.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_cjmcuf2232h.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-CJMCU2232H-Connections.png
meta_cjmcuf2232h.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232mm=F2232 MiniModule
debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232mm.debug.tool=f2232mm
meta_f2232mm.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to allow it to function, and connect to your target STM32 board
meta_f2232mm.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_f2232mm.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-FT2232MM-Connections.png
meta_f2232mm.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-FT2232MM-VSOnly.png
meta_f2232mm.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.jlink=Segger J-Link
debug_menu.hwdebugger.jlink.debug.tool=jlink
meta_jlink.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board
meta_jlink.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_jlink.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-Jlink-Connections.png
meta_jlink.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STM32-Jlink-VSOnly.png
meta_jlink.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv21=STLink v2.1 (Onboard)
debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv21.debug.tool=stlinkv2
meta_stlinkv21.sentence=This debugger is built onto the board, and requires both jumpers to be present on the STLINK/Board header
meta_stlinkv21.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_stlinkv21.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STlinkBuiltIn-Connections.png
meta_stlinkv21.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-STlinkBuiltIn-VSOnly.png
meta_stlinkv21.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv2=STLink v2 (External)
debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv2.debug.tool=stlinkv2
meta_stlinkv2.sentence=This debugger requires the 20-pin ribbon cable to link to your target.
meta_stlinkv2.comment=Further info can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_stlinkv2.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STlink-Connections.png
meta_stlinkv2.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-STlink-VSOnly.png
meta_stlinkv2.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
debug_menu.hwdebugger.daplink=DAPLink
debug_menu.hwdebugger.daplink.debug.tool=daplink
meta_daplink.sentence=This debugger additional wiring to link to your target, see links below
meta_daplink.comment=Optionally set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)
meta_daplink.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-DAPLink-Connections.png
meta_daplink.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-DAPLink-VSOnly.png
meta_daplink.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx
tools.openocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.openocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.openocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.openocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.openocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.openocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.openocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"
tools.openocd.upload.extra_params=
tools.openocd.upload.protocol=
tools.openocd.protocol=
tools.openocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg
tools.jlinkocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.jlinkocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.jlinkocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlinkocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlinkocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.jlinkocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.jlinkocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}" -c "transport select swd" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"
tools.jlinkocd.upload.extra_params=
tools.jlinkocd.upload.protocol=
tools.jlinkocd.protocol=
tools.jlinkocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg
tools.ftdiocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.ftdiocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.ftdiocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.ftdiocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.ftdiocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.ftdiocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.ftdiocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}"  -c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"
tools.ftdiocd.upload.extra_params=
tools.ftdiocd.upload.protocol=
tools.ftdiocd.protocol=
tools.ftdiocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg
tools.vmbmp.upload.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.vmbmp.upload.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.vmbmp.upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}
tools.vmbmp.upload.pattern={upload.path}/{upload.cmd} -nx -b 230400 -batch -ex "set confirm off" -ex "target extended-remote \.\{serial.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1" -ex "load" -ex "compare-sections" -ex "kill" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" -ex "kill"
tools.daplink.upload.programCmd=-c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"
tools.daplink.upload.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.upload.openocdscript}"
version=0.1.2
compiler.warning_flags=-w -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE
compiler.warning_flags.none=-w -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE
compiler.warning_flags.default=-DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE
compiler.warning_flags.more=-Wall -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_FAULT
compiler.warning_flags.all=-Wall -Wextra -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_ALL
compiler.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/
compiler.c.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gcc
compiler.c.flags=-c -g {build.flags.optimize} {compiler.warning_flags} -std=gnu11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500 -DBOARD_{build.variant} -D{build.vect} -DERROR_LED_PORT={build.error_led_port} -DERROR_LED_PIN={build.error_led_pin}
compiler.c.elf.cmd=arm-none-eabi-g++
compiler.c.elf.flags={build.flags.optimize} -Wl,--gc-sections {build.flags.ldspecs}
compiler.S.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gcc
compiler.S.flags=-c -g -x assembler-with-cpp -MMD
compiler.cpp.cmd=arm-none-eabi-g++
compiler.cpp.flags=-c -g {build.flags.optimize} {compiler.warning_flags} -std=gnu++11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fno-use-cxa-atexit -DBOARD_{build.variant} -D{build.vect} -DERROR_LED_PORT={build.error_led_port} -DERROR_LED_PIN={build.error_led_pin}
compiler.ar.cmd=arm-none-eabi-ar
compiler.ar.flags=rcs
compiler.objcopy.cmd=arm-none-eabi-objcopy
compiler.objcopy.eep.flags=-O ihex -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom=alloc,load --no-change-warnings --change-section-lma .eeprom=0
compiler.elf2hex.flags=-O binary
compiler.elf2hex.cmd=arm-none-eabi-objcopy
compiler.ldflags={build.flags.ldspecs}
compiler.size.cmd=arm-none-eabi-size
compiler.define=-DARDUINO=
build.f_cpu=72000000L
build.mcu=cortex-m3
build.common_flags=-mthumb -march=armv7-m -D__STM32F1__
build.variant_system_lib=libmaple.a
build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103C8
build.hs_flag=
build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER
build.flags.optimize=-Os
build.flags.ldspecs=--specs=nano.specs
build.extra_flags={build.upload_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags}
compiler.c.extra_flags=
compiler.c.elf.extra_flags="-L{build.variant.path}/ld"
compiler.cpp.extra_flags=
compiler.S.extra_flags=
compiler.ar.extra_flags=
compiler.elf2hex.extra_flags=
compiler.libs.c.flags="-I{build.system.path}/libmaple" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/include" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/stm32f1/include" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/usb/stm32f1" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/usb/usb_lib"
recipe.c.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.cmd}" {compiler.c.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.c.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"
recipe.cpp.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.cpp.cmd}" {compiler.cpp.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.cpp.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"
recipe.S.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.cmd}" {compiler.S.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.S.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"
recipe.ar.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.ar.cmd}" {compiler.ar.flags} {compiler.ar.extra_flags} "{archive_file_path}" "{object_file}"
recipe.c.combine.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.elf.cmd}" {compiler.c.elf.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} "-T{build.variant.path}/{build.ldscript}" "-Wl,-Map,{build.path}/{build.project_name}.map" {compiler.c.elf.extra_flags} -o "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" "-L{build.path}" -lm -lgcc -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align -Wl,--warn-unresolved-symbols -Wl,--start-group {object_files} "{archive_file_path}" -Wl,--end-group
recipe.objcopy.eep.pattern=
recipe.objcopy.hex.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.elf2hex.cmd}" {compiler.elf2hex.flags} {compiler.elf2hex.extra_flags} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"
recipe.size.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.size.cmd}" -A "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf"
recipe.size.regex=^(?:\.text|\.data|\.rodata|\.text.align|\.ARM.exidx)\s+([0-9]+).*
recipe.size.regex.data=^(?:\.data|\.bss|\.noinit)\s+([0-9]+).*
recipe.output.tmp_file={build.project_name}.bin
recipe.output.save_file={build.project_name}.{build.variant}.bin
tools.maple_upload.cmd=maple_upload.bat
tools.maple_upload.cmd.windows=maple_upload.bat
tools.maple_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
tools.maple_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx
tools.maple_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.maple_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.maple_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d
tools.maple_upload.upload.params.quiet=
tools.maple_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {serial.port.file} {upload.altID} {upload.usbID} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin" "{runtime.ide.path}"
tools.serial_upload.cmd=serial_upload.bat
tools.serial_upload.cmd.windows=serial_upload.bat
tools.serial_upload.cmd.macosx=serial_upload
tools.serial_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
tools.serial_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx
tools.serial_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.serial_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.serial_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d
tools.serial_upload.upload.params.quiet=n
tools.serial_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {serial.port.file} {upload.altID} {upload.usbID} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"
tools.stlink_upload.cmd=stlink_upload.bat
tools.stlink_upload.cmd.windows=stlink_upload.bat
tools.stlink_upload.path.windows={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
tools.stlink_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx
tools.stlink_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.stlink_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.stlink_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d
tools.stlink_upload.upload.params.quiet=
tools.stlink_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"  "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"
tools.bmp_upload.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb
tools.bmp_upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/
tools.bmp_upload.upload.speed=230400
tools.bmp_upload.upload.params.verbose=
tools.bmp_upload.upload.params.quiet=-q --batch-silent
tools.bmp_upload.upload.pattern="{path}{cmd}" -cd "{build.path}" -b {upload.speed} {upload.verbose} -ex "set debug remote 0" -ex "set target-async off" -ex "set remotetimeout 60" -ex "set mem inaccessible-by-default off" -ex "set confirm off" -ex "set height 0" -ex "target extended-remote {serial.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1" -ex "x/wx 0x8000004" -ex "monitor erase_mass" -ex "echo 0x8000004 expect 0xffffffff after erase\n" -ex "x/wx 0x8000004" -ex "file {build.project_name}.elf" -ex "load" -ex "x/wx 0x08000004" -ex "tbreak main" -ex "run" -ex "echo \n\n\nUpload finished!" -ex "quit"
tools.jlink_upload.cmd=jlink_upload.bat
tools.jlink_upload.cmd.windows=jlink_upload.bat
tools.jlink_upload.cmd.macosx=jlink_upload
tools.jlink_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
tools.jlink_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx
tools.jlink_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.jlink_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.jlink_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d
tools.jlink_upload.upload.params.quiet=n
tools.jlink_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"
tools.hid_upload.cmd=hid-flash.exe
tools.hid_upload.cmd.windows=hid-flash.exe
tools.hid_upload.cmd.macosx=hid_flash
tools.hid_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
tools.hid_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx
tools.hid_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.hid_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux
tools.hid_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d
tools.hid_upload.upload.params.quiet=n
tools.hid_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin" {serial.port.file}
tools.stlink_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win
vm_original_platform_name=STM32F1 Boards (Arduino_STM32)
vm.platform.root.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\arduino16x
upload.verify=
tools.vmopenocd.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.vmopenocd.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.vmopenocd.debug.params.verbose=-d2
tools.vmopenocd.debug.params.quiet=-d0
tools.vmopenocd.debug.address=localhost:3333
tools.vmopenocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.vmopenocd.scriptPath=-s "{path}/scripts/"
tools.vmopenocd.logging=-l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}"
tools.vmopenocd.boardCmd=
tools.vmopenocd.targetCmd=
tools.vmopenocd.initCmd=
tools.vmopenocd.debug.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {debug.verbose} {logging} {scriptPath} {boardCmd} {targetCmd} {initCmd}
tools.vmopenocd.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.vmopenocd.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.vmopenocd.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.vmopenocd.program.address=localhost:3333
tools.vmopenocd.program.params.verbose=-d2
tools.vmopenocd.program.params.quiet=-d0
tools.vmopenocd.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.vmopenocd.program.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {program.verbose} {scriptPath} {boardCmd} {targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {programCmd}
tools.atmelICE.protocol=
tools.atmelICE.debug.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.atmelICE.debug.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.atmelICE.debug.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"
tools.atmelICE.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.atmelICE.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.atmelICE.vmserver.boardCmd=-c "adapter driver cmsis-dap" -c "cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x03eb 0x2141"
tools.atmelICE.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.atmelICE.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.atmelICE.program.scriptPath=-s "{program.path}/scripts/"
tools.atmelICE.program.boardCmd=-c "adapter driver cmsis-dap" -c "cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x03eb 0x2141"
tools.atmelICE.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.atmelICE.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.atmelICE.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.atmelICE.program.address=localhost:3333
tools.atmelICE.program.params.verbose=-d2
tools.atmelICE.program.params.quiet=-d0
tools.atmelICE.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.atmelICE.program.pattern="{program.path}/{program.cmd}" {program.verbose} {program.scriptPath} {program.boardCmd} {program.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {program.programCmd}
tools.atmelICE.program.extra_params=
tools.atmelICE.program.protocol=
tools.atmelICE.erase.params.verbose=-d3
tools.atmelICE.erase.params.quiet=-d0
tools.atmelICE.erase.pattern=
tools.jlink.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.jlink.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.jlink.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"
tools.jlink.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.jlink.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.jlink.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"
tools.jlink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.jlink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.jlink.program.scriptPath=-s "{program.path}/scripts/"
tools.jlink.program.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"
tools.jlink.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlink.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlink.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.jlink.program.address=localhost:3333
tools.jlink.program.params.verbose=-d2
tools.jlink.program.params.quiet=-d0
tools.jlink.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.jlink.program.pattern="{program.path}/{program.cmd}" {program.verbose} {program.scriptPath} {program.boardCmd} {program.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {program.programCmd}
tools.jlink.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.jlink.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"
tools.jlink.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlink.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.jlink.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.jlink.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.jlink.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.jlink.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.jlink.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.jlink.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.bmp_upload.debug.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/
tools.bmp_upload.program.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.bmp_upload.program.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.bmp_upload.program.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}
tools.bmp_upload.upload.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.bmp_upload.upload.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.bmp_upload.upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}
tools.bmp_upload.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.bmp_upload.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.bmp_upload.showLocalSerialPort=true
tools.bmp_upload.debug.server=
tools.stlinkv2.description=
tools.stlinkv2.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.stlinkv2.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.stlinkv2.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"
tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.stlinkv2.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/stlink.cfg"
tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.stlinkv2.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.stlinkv2.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/stlink.cfg"
tools.stlinkv2.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.stlinkv2.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.stlinkv2.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.stlinkv2.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.stlinkv2.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.stlinkv2.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.stlinkv2.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.stlinkv2.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.stlinkv2.upload.extra_params=
tools.stlinkv2.upload.protocol=
tools.stlinkv2.protocol=
tools.f2232mm.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.f2232mm.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.f2232mm.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {args}
tools.f2232mm.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.f2232mm.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.f2232mm.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule.cfg"
tools.f2232mm.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.f2232mm.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.f2232mm.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.f2232mm.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule.cfg"
tools.f2232mm.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.f2232mm.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.f2232mm.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.f2232mm.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.f2232mm.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.f2232mm.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.f2232mm.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.f2232mm.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.f2232mm.upload.extra_params=
tools.f2232mm.upload.protocol=
tools.f2232mm.protocol=
tools.f2232h.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"
tools.f2232h.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.f2232h.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.f2232h.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"
tools.f2232h.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.f2232h.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.f2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.f2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.f2232h.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.f2232h.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"
tools.f2232h.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.f2232h.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.f2232h.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.f2232h.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.f2232h.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.f2232h.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.f2232h.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.f2232h.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.f2232h.upload.extra_params=
tools.f2232h.upload.protocol=
tools.f2232h.protocol=
tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/um232h.cfg"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.cjmcuf2232h.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.cjmcuf2232h.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.cjmcuf2232h.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.extra_params=
tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.protocol=
tools.cjmcuf2232h.protocol=
tools.daplink.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg" -c "adapter speed 1000"
tools.daplink.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe
tools.daplink.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin
tools.daplink.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {args}
tools.daplink.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd
tools.daplink.debug.server=vmopenocd
tools.daplink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"
vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.daplink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"
tools.daplink.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"
tools.daplink.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg" -c "adapter speed 1000"
tools.daplink.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe
tools.daplink.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe
tools.daplink.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}
tools.daplink.upload.address=localhost:3333
tools.daplink.upload.params.verbose=-d2
tools.daplink.upload.params.quiet=-d0
tools.daplink.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :
tools.daplink.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}
tools.daplink.upload.extra_params=
tools.daplink.upload.protocol=
tools.daplink.protocol=
builder.core.parallel_build=false
vm.build.sketch.cpp-use-build-cache=true
vm.build.libraries.cache-on=
vm.preproc.lib-search.lib-in-lib=top-level
vm.preproc.lib-search.lib-in-sketch=all
vm.preproc.sketch.cpp-datetime-use-cache=true
vm.preproc.lib-search.ino-cache=true
vm.ctags.cache.gcc-e=true
runtime.tools.scons-local.path={runtime.tools.scons-local_2024-05-25.path}
runtime.tools.stm32tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26
runtime.tools.stm32tools-2022.9.26.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26
runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1
runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc-4.8.3-2014q1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1
runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arduinoOTA\1.3.0
runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arduinoOTA\1.3.0
runtime.tools.avrdude.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17
runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17
runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avr-gcc\7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7
runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avr-gcc\7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7
runtime.tools.ctags.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\ctags\5.8-arduino11
runtime.tools.ctags-5.8-arduino11.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\ctags\5.8-arduino11
runtime.tools.dfu-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\dfu-discovery\0.1.2
runtime.tools.dfu-discovery-0.1.2.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\dfu-discovery\0.1.2
runtime.tools.mdns-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\mdns-discovery\1.0.9
runtime.tools.mdns-discovery-1.0.9.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\mdns-discovery\1.0.9
runtime.tools.serial-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-discovery\1.4.1
runtime.tools.serial-discovery-1.4.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-discovery\1.4.1
runtime.tools.serial-monitor.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-monitor\0.14.1
runtime.tools.serial-monitor-0.14.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-monitor\0.14.1
runtime.tools.teensy-compile.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-compile\5.4.1
runtime.tools.teensy-compile-5.4.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-compile\5.4.1
runtime.tools.teensy-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-discovery\1.59.0
runtime.tools.teensy-discovery-1.59.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-discovery\1.59.0
runtime.tools.teensy-monitor.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-monitor\1.59.0
runtime.tools.teensy-monitor-1.59.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-monitor\1.59.0
runtime.tools.teensy-tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-tools\1.57.3
runtime.tools.teensy-tools-1.57.3.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-tools\1.57.3
runtime.vm.boardinfo.id=stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C
ide.arduino2.enabled=true
ide.hint=Arduino IDE 2x is similar to Arduino 1x. Use Board and Library Manager to install default hardware and libraries.
ide.location.key=visualmicro
ide.location.ide.auto=true
ide.location.ide.winreg=Arduino Default Alt Application
ide.location.sketchbook.winreg=Arduino Default Alt Sketchbook
ide.auto_fill_default_package_urls=
ide.default.revision_name=1.8.13
ide.contributions.boards.allow=true
ide.platforms.basedon=arduino16x
ide.inherit=arduino16x
ide.location.preferences=%VM_APPDATA_LOCAL%\arduino15\preferences.txt
ide.location.preferences_fallback=%VM_APPDATA_ROAMING%\arduino15\preferences.txt
ide.location.contributions=%VM_APPDATA_LOCAL%\arduino15
ide.location.contributions_fallback=%VM_APPDATA_ROAMING%\arduino15
ide.location.builtin.libraries={ide.location.contributions}\libraries
ide.platformswithoutpackage=false
ide.contributions.boards.ignore_unless_rewrite_found=true
ide.contributions.libraries.allow=true
ide.contributions.boards.support.urls.wiki=https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/wiki/Unofficial-list-of-3rd-party-boards-support-urls
ide.create_platforms_from_boardsTXT.teensy=build.core
vm.debug=true
software=ARDUINO
ssh.user.name=root
ssh.user.default.password=arduino
ssh.host.wwwfiles.path=/www/sd
ide.exe=
build.working_directory=
ide.appid=arduino20x
ide.location.sketchbook.preferences=sketchbook.path
ide.default.version=10800
ide.default.package=arduino
ide.default.platform=avr
ide.multiplatform=true
ide.includes=Arduino.h
ide.exe_name=arduino
ide.recipe.preproc.defines.flags=-w -x c++ -E -dM
ide.includes.fallback=wprogram.h
ide.extension=ino
ide.extension.fallback=pde
ide.versionGTEQ=160
ide.builder.exe=arduinobuilder.exe
ide.builder.name=Arduino Builder
ide.hosts=atmel
ide.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/Download-Arduino-Or-Other-Supporting-IDEs.aspx
ide.help.reference.path=reference
ide.help.reference.path2=reference\www.arduino.cc\en\Reference
ide.help.reference.serial=reference\www.arduino.cc\en\Serial
ide.location.preferences.portable={runtime.ide.path}\portable
ide.location.preferences.arduinoData={runtime.sketchbook.path}\ArduinoData
runtime.tools.vm_web_debugger.path={vm.platform.root.path}/../../Micro Debuggers/WebDebugger
recipe.hooks.vmdeploy.vm_web_debugger_postupload.1.pattern="{runtime.tools.vm_web_debugger.path}/DeployMicroWebserver.exe" "{sketch_path}" "{serial.port}" "{runtime.hardware.path}\.."
recipe.hooks.vmlaunch.vm_web_debugger_preopen.1.pattern=notepad.exe "{sketch_path}\__vm\vmWebDebugger\Start-WebServer.bat"
recipe.hooks.vmlaunch.vm_web_debugger_preopen.2.pattern={sketch_path}\__vm\vmWebDebugger\Start-WebServer.bat
ide.debug_menu.debugger_type=Debug
ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.none=Off
ide.debug_menu.none.debug.tool=no_debug
ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.universal=Serial
ide.debug_menu.universal.debug.tool=universal
ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.toolchain=Arduino
ide.debug_menu.toolchain.debug.tool=toolchain
ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.hwdebugger=Hardware
ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger=Debugger
ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger.custom_debugger=Manual/Custom
ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger.custom_debugger.debug.tool=dbg_external
ide.meta_custom_debugger.sentence=Provides a build that includes debug defines and will launch a custom debugger if one is provided.
ide.meta_custom_debugger.paragraph=This is option is for advanced use. It is recommended that a pre-configured debugger be selected when available in this list. Usage: Optionally add a customer debugger to the project. A 'debugger_launch.json' file shares the same command syntax that is used by the VsCode debugger. Custom debuggers can be targeted at a board and/or variant and/or configuration name. IE: [variant].[configuration_name][.]debugger_launch.json
ide.meta_custom_debugger.reference.usage.url=https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-cpptools/blob/master/launch.md#customlaunchsetupcommands
ide.meta_custom_debugger.reference.connect.url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/create-custom-views-of-native-objects?view=vs-2019
ide.compiler_flags_no_opt=-O0
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization=Disable Optimization
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_default=Default Optimization
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_proj=No Project  Optimization
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs=No Project + Libraries Optimization
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs.vm_disable_opt_libraries={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_all=No Optimization
ide.meta_vm_disable_opt_all.sentence=Disable compiler optimization for all sources:- Project, Library and Platform.
ide.meta_vm_disable_opt_all.comment=After switching between 'No Optimization' and other optimization values, please click "Solution Clean" or switch off (or cycle) 'vMicro>Compiler>Shared Cache For Cores'. NOTE: Changing optimization settings can cause build errors or result in overly large programs.
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_libraries={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_core={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}
vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.builtin=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages/builtin
vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.download=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\staging
vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino
vm.arduino2.location.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino
vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.builtin.libraries=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\libraries
boardsmanager.additional.urls=https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/package_teensy_index.json
location.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino
vm.resolved.location.builtin.libraries=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\libraries
runtime.vm.boardinfo.name=stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C
runtime.vm.boardinfo.desc=Generic STM32F103C series                                                                                                (stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)
runtime.vm.boardinfo.src_location=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26
build.core.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\cores\maple
vm.core.include=arduino.h
vm.boardsource.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26
runtime.platform.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26
vm.platformname.name=STM32F1
build.arch=STM32F1
vm.runtime.compiler.cached_cores_path=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x
vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings=false
vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings_core=false
vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings_library=false
vm.runtime.upload.verbose=true
vm.runtime.upload.verify=false
runtime.vm.ide.platforms.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms
runtime.vm.ide.tools.openocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.9.0.path}
runtime.vm.openocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.9.0.path}
vm.runtime.build.intermediate_output_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\obj\ARM64\Release\
vm.runtime.build.intermediate_output_enabled=false
vm.runtime.build.final_output_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\bin\ARM64\Release\
compiler.always_include_sketchfolder=true
compiler.always_include_sharedprojectfolders=true
vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes=true
vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_shallow=true
vm.runtime.compiler.allow_library_debugging=false
vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_scons=false
vm.sketch_ino_cpp_name=BluePill.cpp
vm.solution.configuration_name=Release
serial.port.file=COM16
serial.port=COM16
serial.port.num=16
port.caption=COM16 - USB Serial Device
Caption=USB Serial Device (COM16)
ClassGuid={4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
CompatibleID.value0=USB\Class_02
ConfigManagerErrorCode=0
ConfigManagerUserConfig=False
CreationClassName=Win32_PnPEntity
Description=USB Serial Device
DeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4
HardwareID.value0=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004
Manufacturer=Microsoft
Name=USB Serial Device (COM16)
PNPClass=Ports
PNPDeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4
Present=True
Service=usbser
Status=OK
SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem
SystemName=FRANK_XPS_9530
vid=0x1EAF
pid=0x0004
vidpid=1EAF0004
vid_pid=0x1EAF_0x0004
iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4
extra.time.local=1731322959
extra.time.utc=1731340959
extra.time.dst=-18000
extra.time.zone=18000
serial.port.caption=COM16 - USB Serial Device
serial.Caption=USB Serial Device (COM16)
serial.ClassGuid={4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
serial.CompatibleID.value0=USB\Class_02
serial.ConfigManagerErrorCode=0
serial.ConfigManagerUserConfig=False
serial.CreationClassName=Win32_PnPEntity
serial.Description=USB Serial Device
serial.DeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4
serial.HardwareID.value0=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004
serial.Manufacturer=Microsoft
serial.Name=USB Serial Device (COM16)
serial.PNPClass=Ports
serial.PNPDeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4
serial.Present=True
serial.Service=usbser
serial.Status=OK
serial.SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem
serial.SystemName=FRANK_XPS_9530
serial.vid=0x1EAF
serial.pid=0x0004
serial.vidpid=1EAF0004
serial.vid_pid=0x1EAF_0x0004
serial.iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4
serial.port.iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4
build.project_name=BluePill.ino
build.project_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill
sketch_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill
ProjectDir=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\
build.path=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release
vm.runtime.compile.skip_library_file_if_exists_in_project=false
vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_cache=true
debug.tool=no_debug
build.ldscript=ld/bootloader_20.ld
upload.maximum_size=65536
upload.maximum_data_size=20480
upload.usbID=1EAF:0003
upload.altID=2
build.fqbn=stm32duino:STM32F1:genericSTM32F103C:device_variant=STM32F103C8,upload_method=DFUUploadMethod,cpu_speed=speed_72mhz
build.architecture=4.8.3-2014q1
vmresolved.compiler.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1\bin\
vmresolved.tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1
vm.settings.IsLinuxProject=true
build.vm.build.vmdebug=0
build.vm.build.isgdb=0
build.vm.build.optimised=1
vm.last.buildpath=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release



Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'
Build Folder: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Temp/VMBuilds/BluePill/stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C/Release"
Summary: Header=1 Prototypes=1 Imports=0
Additional Defines: 
Architecture Tools: "file:///c://Users//Frank//AppData//Local//Arduino15//packages//arduino//tools//arm-none-eabi-gcc//4.8.3-2014q1/bin/"
Api: 2.2024.0722-8
Sketch Book: "file:///c:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino"
User Libraries: "file:///c:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/libraries"
Build Temp: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Temp/VMBuilds/BluePill/stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C/Release"
Board Support Urls: "http://dan.drown.org/stm32duino/package_STM32duino_index.json"
Core Include Paths
Include Path "file:///c:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/stm32duino/hardware/STM32F1/2022.9.26/cores/maple"
Include Path "file:///c:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/stm32duino/hardware/STM32F1/2022.9.26/variants/generic_stm32f103c"
 
Deep search for libraries ...
   Using previous search results: C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.cpp
 

 
Extracting .ino prototypes ...
"c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\tools\ctags/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/sketch-gcc-e-clean.cpp.filtered.cpp"
setup	C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino	/^void setup()$/;"	kind:function	line:21	signature:()	returntype:void
loop	C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino	/^void loop()$/;"	kind:function	line:30	signature:()	returntype:void

	Required: True, Prototype: void setup();, Function: setup, Kind: function, Line: 21, Signature: (),  File: C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino, Code: void setup() 
	Required: True, Prototype: void loop();, Function: loop, Kind: function, Line: 30, Signature: (),  File: C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino, Code: void loop() 
 
Building variant ...
  Using previously compiled variant
 
Building core ...
 
Building project code ...
  Using previously compiled file: C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.cpp.o
 
Linking it all together ...
# Coping cached core C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\core.a to C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\core.a

"c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++" -Os -Wl,--gc-sections --specs=nano.specs -mcpu=cortex-m3 "-Tc:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\variants\generic_stm32f103c/ld/bootloader_20.ld" "-Wl,-Map,C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.map" "-Lc:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\variants\generic_stm32f103c/ld" -o "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf" "-LC:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release" -lm -lgcc -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align -Wl,--warn-unresolved-symbols -Wl,--start-group "BluePill.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\board.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\wirish\boards.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\wirish\boards_setup.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\start.S.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\start_c.c.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\syscalls.c.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\core.a" -Wl,--end-group

# recipe.objcopy.hex.pattern
"c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy" -O binary "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"
 

# Compute Size: "c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-size" -A "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf"

Program BluePill size: 13068 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.97 secs)
Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)
 
# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'
# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'
Uploader started for board Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)
Upload method will be: bootloader
Uploading via Bootloader 
Resetting to bootloader via Serial
Serial reset
Reset via USB Serial completed
c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\maple_upload.bat COM16 2 1EAF:0003 "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin" "c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\ide"
maple_loader v0.1
Resetting to bootloader via DTR pulse
#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
#  EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x000000007110b5db, pid=25516, tid=0x0000000000008190
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (8.0_431) (build 1.8.0_431-b10)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.431-b10 mixed mode windows-amd64 compressed oops)
# Problematic frame:
# C  [jSSC-2.8_x86_64.dll+0xb5db]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\hs_err_pid25516.log
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
#   http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#
	The upload process has finished.

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Board Properties

name=Generic STM32F103C series

vid.0=0x1EAF

pid.0=0x0004

build.variant=generic_stm32f103c

build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8002000

build.core=maple

build.board=GENERIC_STM32F103C

build.error_led_port=GPIOC

build.error_led_pin=13

upload.use_1200bps_touch=false

upload.file_type=bin

upload.auto_reset=true

upload.tool=maple_upload

upload.protocol=maple_dfu

menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8=STM32F103C8 (20k RAM. 64k Flash)

menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103C8

menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.build.ldscript=ld/jtag_c8.ld

menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.upload.maximum_size=65536

menu.device_variant.STM32F103C8.upload.maximum_data_size=20480

menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB=STM32F103CB (20k RAM. 128k Flash)

menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103CB

menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.build.ldscript=ld/jtag.ld

menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.upload.maximum_size=131072

menu.device_variant.STM32F103CB.upload.maximum_data_size=20480

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod=STM32duino bootloader

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.protocol=maple_dfu

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.tool=maple_upload

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8002000

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.build.ldscript=ld/bootloader_20.ld

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.usbID=1EAF:0003

menu.upload_method.DFUUploadMethod.upload.altID=2

menu.upload_method.serialMethod=Serial

menu.upload_method.serialMethod.upload.protocol=maple_serial

menu.upload_method.serialMethod.upload.tool=serial_upload

menu.upload_method.serialMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG

menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod=STLink

menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.upload.protocol=STLink

menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.upload.tool=stlink_upload

menu.upload_method.STLinkMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG=1 -DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER

menu.upload_method.BMPMethod=BMP (Black Magic Probe)

menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.upload.protocol=gdb_bmp

menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.upload.tool=bmp_upload

menu.upload_method.BMPMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG

menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod=JLink

menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.upload.protocol=jlink

menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.upload.tool=jlink_upload

menu.upload_method.jlinkMethod.build.upload_flags=-DCONFIG_MAPLE_MINI_NO_DISABLE_DEBUG=1 -DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER

menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod=HID bootloader 2.0

menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.upload.tool=hid_upload

menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER

menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.vect=VECT_TAB_ADDR=0x8001000

menu.upload_method.HIDUploadMethod.build.ldscript=ld/hid_bootloader.ld

menu.cpu_speed.speed_72mhz=72Mhz (Normal)

menu.cpu_speed.speed_72mhz.build.f_cpu=72000000L

menu.cpu_speed.speed_48mhz=48Mhz (Slow - with USB)

menu.cpu_speed.speed_48mhz.build.f_cpu=48000000L

menu.cpu_speed.speed_128mhz=Overclocked 128Mhz NO USB SERIAL. MANUAL RESET NEEDED TO UPLOAD

menu.cpu_speed.speed_128mhz.build.f_cpu=128000000L

menu.opt.osstd=Smallest (default)

menu.opt.o1std=Fast (-O1)

menu.opt.o1std.build.flags.optimize=-O1

menu.opt.o1std.build.flags.ldspecs=

menu.opt.o2std=Faster (-O2)

menu.opt.o2std.build.flags.optimize=-O2

menu.opt.o2std.build.flags.ldspecs=

menu.opt.o3std=Fastest (-O3)

menu.opt.o3std.build.flags.optimize=-O3

menu.opt.o3std.build.flags.ldspecs=

menu.opt.ogstd=Debug (-g)

menu.opt.ogstd.build.flags.optimize=-Og

menu.opt.ogstd.build.flags.ldspecs=

vm.debug.class_type=VM_DBT_USBSERIAL

vm.debug.main_port_name=Serial

tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg

menu.upload_method.f2232h=F2232H Dual RS232 + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.f2232h.upload.tool=ftdiocd

menu.upload_method.f2232h.upload.openocddebugger=ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg

menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h=F2232H Single RS232 + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h.upload.tool=ftdiocd

menu.upload_method.cjmcuf2232h.upload.openocddebugger=ftdi/um232h.cfg

menu.upload_method.ft2232mm=JLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.ft2232mm.upload.tool=jlinkocd

menu.upload_method.ft2232mm.upload.openocddebugger=jlink.cfg

menu.upload_method.stlinkv2=STLink v2 + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.stlinkv2.upload.tool=openocd

menu.upload_method.stlinkv2.upload.openocddebugger=stlink.cfg

menu.upload_method.stlinkv21=STLink v2.1 + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.stlinkv21.upload.tool=openocd

menu.upload_method.stlinkv21.upload.openocddebugger=stlink.cfg

menu.upload_method.bmp=Black Magic + GDB (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.bmp.upload.tool=vmbmp

menu.upload_method.bmp.upload.openocddebugger=

menu.upload_method.daplink=DAPLink + OpenOCD (vMicro)

menu.upload_method.daplink.upload.tool=daplink

runtime.ide.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\ide

runtime.os=windows

build.system.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\system

runtime.ide.version=108010

target_package=stm32duino

target_platform=STM32F1

runtime.hardware.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1

originalid=genericSTM32F103C

_id=genericSTM32F103C

intellisense.tools.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}

intellisense.include.paths={runtime.tools.CMSIS.path}/CMSIS/Core/Include/;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\tr1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\sys;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\9.2.1\arm-none-eabi\bits; {intellisense.tools.path}\lib\gcc\arm-none-eabi\9.2.1\include;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\arm-none-eabi;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\tr1;{intellisense.tools.path}\arm-none-eabi\include\c++\4.8.3\arm-none-eabi\bits;{intellisense.tools.path}\lib\gcc\arm-none-eabi\4.8.3\include;{vm.intellisense.add-paths}

upload.8dot3=false

tools.gdb.pre_init.tool=openocd

tools.gdb.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.gdb.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.gdb.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" -interpreter=mi -d "{build.project_path}"

tools.gdb.openocd.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.gdb.openocd.path={runtime.vm.ide.tools.openocd.path}

tools.gdb.openocd.params.verbose=-d2

tools.gdb.openocd.params.quiet=-d0

tools.gdb.openocd.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" -l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}" -s "{path}/scripts/" -f "{path}/scripts/{build.openocdscript}"

tools.openocd.debug.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.openocd.debug.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.openocd.debug.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.openocd.debug.params.verbose=-d2

tools.openocd.debug.params.quiet=-d0

tools.openocd.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.openocd.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.openocd.debug.args={params.verbose} -l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}" -s"{path}/scripts/" -f "{path}/scripts/interface/{build.openocddebugger}" -f "{path}/scripts/{build.openocdscript}" {initCmd}

tools.openocd.debug.address=localhost:3333

tools.bmp_upload.debug.args=-nh -b 115200 -ex "target extended-remote \.\{serial.debug.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1"

tools.f2232h.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

tools.f2232mm.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

tools.jlink.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.targetCmd=-f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

tools.stlinkv2.debug.args=-ex "flushregs" -ex "continue"

tools.daplink.vmserver.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.debug.build.openocdscript}"

debug_menu.hwdebugger.bmp=Black Magic (External)

debug_menu.hwdebugger.bmp.debug.tool=bmp_upload

meta_bmp.sentence=This debugger requires the 20-pin ribbon cable to link to your target, see connections below

meta_bmp.comment=Ensure the COM Port for the Black Magic is selected before attaching the Debugger. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_bmp.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-BMP-Connections.png

meta_bmp.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-BMP-VSOnly.png

meta_bmp.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232h=F2232H Dual RS232

debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232h.debug.tool=f2232h

meta_f2232h.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board

meta_f2232h.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_f2232h.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-FT2232H-Connections.png

meta_f2232h.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.cjmcuf2232h=F2232H Single RS232

debug_menu.hwdebugger.cjmcuf2232h.debug.tool=cjmcuf2232h

meta_cjmcuf2232h.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board

meta_cjmcuf2232h.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_cjmcuf2232h.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-CJMCU2232H-Connections.png

meta_cjmcuf2232h.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232mm=F2232 MiniModule

debug_menu.hwdebugger.f2232mm.debug.tool=f2232mm

meta_f2232mm.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to allow it to function, and connect to your target STM32 board

meta_f2232mm.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_f2232mm.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-FT2232MM-Connections.png

meta_f2232mm.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-FT2232MM-VSOnly.png

meta_f2232mm.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.jlink=Segger J-Link

debug_menu.hwdebugger.jlink.debug.tool=jlink

meta_jlink.sentence=This debugger will require some wiring to connect it to your target STM32 board

meta_jlink.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_jlink.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-Jlink-Connections.png

meta_jlink.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STM32-Jlink-VSOnly.png

meta_jlink.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv21=STLink v2.1 (Onboard)

debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv21.debug.tool=stlinkv2

meta_stlinkv21.sentence=This debugger is built onto the board, and requires both jumpers to be present on the STLINK/Board header

meta_stlinkv21.comment=Wiring can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_stlinkv21.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STlinkBuiltIn-Connections.png

meta_stlinkv21.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-STlinkBuiltIn-VSOnly.png

meta_stlinkv21.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv2=STLink v2 (External)

debug_menu.hwdebugger.stlinkv2.debug.tool=stlinkv2

meta_stlinkv2.sentence=This debugger requires the 20-pin ribbon cable to link to your target.

meta_stlinkv2.comment=Further info can be found in the below image, and the 'https://zadig.akeo.ie/' tool is required to replace the USB Driver on Interface 0 with 'WinUSB'. Set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_stlinkv2.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-STlink-Connections.png

meta_stlinkv2.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-STlink-VSOnly.png

meta_stlinkv2.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

debug_menu.hwdebugger.daplink=DAPLink

debug_menu.hwdebugger.daplink.debug.tool=daplink

meta_daplink.sentence=This debugger additional wiring to link to your target, see links below

meta_daplink.comment=Optionally set vMicro > Debugger > 'Compiler Optimization' to 'No Project', 'No Project + Libraries' or 'None' when debugging. (NOTE: Changing the optimization setting for this platform might cause compilation errors with certain code such as HardwareSerial.)

meta_daplink.image.connect=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Help-STM32-DAPLink-Connections.png

meta_daplink.image.operation=https://www.visualmicro.com/pics/Debug-Break-STM32-DAPLink-VSOnly.png

meta_daplink.reference.usage.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/STM32-Debugging.aspx

tools.openocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.openocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.openocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.openocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.openocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.openocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.openocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"

tools.openocd.upload.extra_params=

tools.openocd.upload.protocol=

tools.openocd.protocol=

tools.openocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg

tools.jlinkocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.jlinkocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.jlinkocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlinkocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlinkocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.jlinkocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.jlinkocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}" -c "transport select swd" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"

tools.jlinkocd.upload.extra_params=

tools.jlinkocd.upload.protocol=

tools.jlinkocd.protocol=

tools.jlinkocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg

tools.ftdiocd.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.ftdiocd.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.ftdiocd.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.ftdiocd.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.ftdiocd.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.ftdiocd.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.ftdiocd.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} -s "{upload.path}/scripts/" -f "interface/{upload.openocddebugger}" -c "transport select swd" -c "ftdi_layout_signal SWD_EN -data 0" -f "{upload.openocdscript}" -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" -c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"

tools.ftdiocd.upload.extra_params=

tools.ftdiocd.upload.protocol=

tools.ftdiocd.protocol=

tools.ftdiocd.upload.openocdscript=target/stm32f1x.cfg

tools.vmbmp.upload.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.vmbmp.upload.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.vmbmp.upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}

tools.vmbmp.upload.pattern={upload.path}/{upload.cmd} -nx -b 230400 -batch -ex "set confirm off" -ex "target extended-remote \.\{serial.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1" -ex "load" -ex "compare-sections" -ex "kill" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" -ex "kill"

tools.daplink.upload.programCmd=-c "reset_config; telnet_port disabled; program {{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf} reset;reset_config;shutdown"

tools.daplink.upload.targetCmd=-c "transport select swd" -f "{tools.openocd.upload.openocdscript}"

version=0.1.2

compiler.warning_flags=-w -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE

compiler.warning_flags.none=-w -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE

compiler.warning_flags.default=-DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_NONE

compiler.warning_flags.more=-Wall -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_FAULT

compiler.warning_flags.all=-Wall -Wextra -DDEBUG_LEVEL=DEBUG_ALL

compiler.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/

compiler.c.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gcc

compiler.c.flags=-c -g {build.flags.optimize} {compiler.warning_flags} -std=gnu11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500 -DBOARD_{build.variant} -D{build.vect} -DERROR_LED_PORT={build.error_led_port} -DERROR_LED_PIN={build.error_led_pin}

compiler.c.elf.cmd=arm-none-eabi-g++

compiler.c.elf.flags={build.flags.optimize} -Wl,--gc-sections {build.flags.ldspecs}

compiler.S.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gcc

compiler.S.flags=-c -g -x assembler-with-cpp -MMD

compiler.cpp.cmd=arm-none-eabi-g++

compiler.cpp.flags=-c -g {build.flags.optimize} {compiler.warning_flags} -std=gnu++11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fno-use-cxa-atexit -DBOARD_{build.variant} -D{build.vect} -DERROR_LED_PORT={build.error_led_port} -DERROR_LED_PIN={build.error_led_pin}

compiler.ar.cmd=arm-none-eabi-ar

compiler.ar.flags=rcs

compiler.objcopy.cmd=arm-none-eabi-objcopy

compiler.objcopy.eep.flags=-O ihex -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom=alloc,load --no-change-warnings --change-section-lma .eeprom=0

compiler.elf2hex.flags=-O binary

compiler.elf2hex.cmd=arm-none-eabi-objcopy

compiler.ldflags={build.flags.ldspecs}

compiler.size.cmd=arm-none-eabi-size

compiler.define=-DARDUINO=

build.f_cpu=72000000L

build.mcu=cortex-m3

build.common_flags=-mthumb -march=armv7-m -D__STM32F1__

build.variant_system_lib=libmaple.a

build.cpu_flags=-DMCU_STM32F103C8

build.hs_flag=

build.upload_flags=-DSERIAL_USB -DGENERIC_BOOTLOADER

build.flags.optimize=-Os

build.flags.ldspecs=--specs=nano.specs

build.extra_flags={build.upload_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags}

compiler.c.extra_flags=

compiler.c.elf.extra_flags="-L{build.variant.path}/ld"

compiler.cpp.extra_flags=

compiler.S.extra_flags=

compiler.ar.extra_flags=

compiler.elf2hex.extra_flags=

compiler.libs.c.flags="-I{build.system.path}/libmaple" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/include" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/stm32f1/include" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/usb/stm32f1" "-I{build.system.path}/libmaple/usb/usb_lib"

recipe.c.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.cmd}" {compiler.c.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.c.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"

recipe.cpp.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.cpp.cmd}" {compiler.cpp.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.cpp.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"

recipe.S.o.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.cmd}" {compiler.S.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} -DF_CPU={build.f_cpu} -DARDUINO={runtime.ide.version} -DARDUINO_{build.board} -DARDUINO_ARCH_{build.arch} {compiler.S.extra_flags} {build.extra_flags} {build.cpu_flags} {build.hs_flag} {build.common_flags} {compiler.libs.c.flags} {includes} "{source_file}" -o "{object_file}"

recipe.ar.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.ar.cmd}" {compiler.ar.flags} {compiler.ar.extra_flags} "{archive_file_path}" "{object_file}"

recipe.c.combine.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.c.elf.cmd}" {compiler.c.elf.flags} -mcpu={build.mcu} "-T{build.variant.path}/{build.ldscript}" "-Wl,-Map,{build.path}/{build.project_name}.map" {compiler.c.elf.extra_flags} -o "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" "-L{build.path}" -lm -lgcc -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align -Wl,--warn-unresolved-symbols -Wl,--start-group {object_files} "{archive_file_path}" -Wl,--end-group

recipe.objcopy.eep.pattern=

recipe.objcopy.hex.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.elf2hex.cmd}" {compiler.elf2hex.flags} {compiler.elf2hex.extra_flags} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"

recipe.size.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.size.cmd}" -A "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf"

recipe.size.regex=^(?:\.text|\.data|\.rodata|\.text.align|\.ARM.exidx)\s+([0-9]+).*

recipe.size.regex.data=^(?:\.data|\.bss|\.noinit)\s+([0-9]+).*

recipe.output.tmp_file={build.project_name}.bin

recipe.output.save_file={build.project_name}.{build.variant}.bin

tools.maple_upload.cmd=maple_upload.bat

tools.maple_upload.cmd.windows=maple_upload.bat

tools.maple_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

tools.maple_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx

tools.maple_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.maple_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.maple_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d

tools.maple_upload.upload.params.quiet=

tools.maple_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {serial.port.file} {upload.altID} {upload.usbID} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin" "{runtime.ide.path}"

tools.serial_upload.cmd=serial_upload.bat

tools.serial_upload.cmd.windows=serial_upload.bat

tools.serial_upload.cmd.macosx=serial_upload

tools.serial_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

tools.serial_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx

tools.serial_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.serial_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.serial_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d

tools.serial_upload.upload.params.quiet=n

tools.serial_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {serial.port.file} {upload.altID} {upload.usbID} "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"

tools.stlink_upload.cmd=stlink_upload.bat

tools.stlink_upload.cmd.windows=stlink_upload.bat

tools.stlink_upload.path.windows={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

tools.stlink_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx

tools.stlink_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.stlink_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.stlink_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d

tools.stlink_upload.upload.params.quiet=

tools.stlink_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"

tools.bmp_upload.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb

tools.bmp_upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/

tools.bmp_upload.upload.speed=230400

tools.bmp_upload.upload.params.verbose=

tools.bmp_upload.upload.params.quiet=-q --batch-silent

tools.bmp_upload.upload.pattern="{path}{cmd}" -cd "{build.path}" -b {upload.speed} {upload.verbose} -ex "set debug remote 0" -ex "set target-async off" -ex "set remotetimeout 60" -ex "set mem inaccessible-by-default off" -ex "set confirm off" -ex "set height 0" -ex "target extended-remote {serial.port}" -ex "monitor swdp_scan" -ex "attach 1" -ex "x/wx 0x8000004" -ex "monitor erase_mass" -ex "echo 0x8000004 expect 0xffffffff after erase\n" -ex "x/wx 0x8000004" -ex "file {build.project_name}.elf" -ex "load" -ex "x/wx 0x08000004" -ex "tbreak main" -ex "run" -ex "echo \n\n\nUpload finished!" -ex "quit"

tools.jlink_upload.cmd=jlink_upload.bat

tools.jlink_upload.cmd.windows=jlink_upload.bat

tools.jlink_upload.cmd.macosx=jlink_upload

tools.jlink_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

tools.jlink_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx

tools.jlink_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.jlink_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.jlink_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d

tools.jlink_upload.upload.params.quiet=n

tools.jlink_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin"

tools.hid_upload.cmd=hid-flash.exe

tools.hid_upload.cmd.windows=hid-flash.exe

tools.hid_upload.cmd.macosx=hid_flash

tools.hid_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

tools.hid_upload.path.macosx={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/macosx

tools.hid_upload.path.linux={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.hid_upload.path.linux64={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/linux

tools.hid_upload.upload.params.verbose=-d

tools.hid_upload.upload.params.quiet=n

tools.hid_upload.upload.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.bin" {serial.port.file}

tools.stlink_upload.path={runtime.tools.stm32tools.path}/win

vm_original_platform_name=STM32F1 Boards (Arduino_STM32)

vm.platform.root.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\arduino16x

upload.verify=

tools.vmopenocd.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.vmopenocd.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.vmopenocd.debug.params.verbose=-d2

tools.vmopenocd.debug.params.quiet=-d0

tools.vmopenocd.debug.address=localhost:3333

tools.vmopenocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.vmopenocd.scriptPath=-s "{path}/scripts/"

tools.vmopenocd.logging=-l "{{build.path}/{build.project_name}_DebugOpenOCD.log}"

tools.vmopenocd.boardCmd=

tools.vmopenocd.targetCmd=

tools.vmopenocd.initCmd=

tools.vmopenocd.debug.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {debug.verbose} {logging} {scriptPath} {boardCmd} {targetCmd} {initCmd}

tools.vmopenocd.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.vmopenocd.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.vmopenocd.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.vmopenocd.program.address=localhost:3333

tools.vmopenocd.program.params.verbose=-d2

tools.vmopenocd.program.params.quiet=-d0

tools.vmopenocd.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.vmopenocd.program.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {program.verbose} {scriptPath} {boardCmd} {targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {programCmd}

tools.atmelICE.protocol=

tools.atmelICE.debug.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.atmelICE.debug.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.atmelICE.debug.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"

tools.atmelICE.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.atmelICE.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.atmelICE.vmserver.boardCmd=-c "adapter driver cmsis-dap" -c "cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x03eb 0x2141"

tools.atmelICE.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.atmelICE.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.atmelICE.program.scriptPath=-s "{program.path}/scripts/"

tools.atmelICE.program.boardCmd=-c "adapter driver cmsis-dap" -c "cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x03eb 0x2141"

tools.atmelICE.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.atmelICE.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.atmelICE.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.atmelICE.program.address=localhost:3333

tools.atmelICE.program.params.verbose=-d2

tools.atmelICE.program.params.quiet=-d0

tools.atmelICE.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.atmelICE.program.pattern="{program.path}/{program.cmd}" {program.verbose} {program.scriptPath} {program.boardCmd} {program.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {program.programCmd}

tools.atmelICE.program.extra_params=

tools.atmelICE.program.protocol=

tools.atmelICE.erase.params.verbose=-d3

tools.atmelICE.erase.params.quiet=-d0

tools.atmelICE.erase.pattern=

tools.jlink.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.jlink.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.jlink.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"

tools.jlink.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.jlink.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.jlink.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"

tools.jlink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.jlink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.jlink.program.scriptPath=-s "{program.path}/scripts/"

tools.jlink.program.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"

tools.jlink.program.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlink.program.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlink.program.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.jlink.program.address=localhost:3333

tools.jlink.program.params.verbose=-d2

tools.jlink.program.params.quiet=-d0

tools.jlink.program.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.jlink.program.pattern="{program.path}/{program.cmd}" {program.verbose} {program.scriptPath} {program.boardCmd} {program.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{program.elf.message}}" {program.programCmd}

tools.jlink.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.jlink.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/jlink.cfg"

tools.jlink.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlink.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.jlink.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.jlink.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.jlink.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.jlink.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.jlink.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.jlink.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.bmp_upload.debug.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin/

tools.bmp_upload.program.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.bmp_upload.program.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.bmp_upload.program.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}

tools.bmp_upload.upload.cmd=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.bmp_upload.upload.cmd.windows=bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.bmp_upload.upload.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}

tools.bmp_upload.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.bmp_upload.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.bmp_upload.showLocalSerialPort=true

tools.bmp_upload.debug.server=

tools.stlinkv2.description=

tools.stlinkv2.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.stlinkv2.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.stlinkv2.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"

tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.stlinkv2.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/stlink.cfg"

tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.stlinkv2.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.stlinkv2.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.stlinkv2.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/stlink.cfg"

tools.stlinkv2.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.stlinkv2.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.stlinkv2.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.stlinkv2.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.stlinkv2.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.stlinkv2.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.stlinkv2.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.stlinkv2.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.stlinkv2.upload.extra_params=

tools.stlinkv2.upload.protocol=

tools.stlinkv2.protocol=

tools.f2232mm.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.f2232mm.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.f2232mm.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {args}

tools.f2232mm.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.f2232mm.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.f2232mm.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule.cfg"

tools.f2232mm.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.f2232mm.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.f2232mm.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.f2232mm.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule.cfg"

tools.f2232mm.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.f2232mm.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.f2232mm.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.f2232mm.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.f2232mm.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.f2232mm.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.f2232mm.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.f2232mm.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.f2232mm.upload.extra_params=

tools.f2232mm.upload.protocol=

tools.f2232mm.protocol=

tools.f2232h.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"

tools.f2232h.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.f2232h.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.f2232h.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"

tools.f2232h.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.f2232h.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.f2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.f2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.f2232h.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.f2232h.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"

tools.f2232h.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.f2232h.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.f2232h.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.f2232h.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.f2232h.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.f2232h.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.f2232h.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.f2232h.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.f2232h.upload.extra_params=

tools.f2232h.upload.protocol=

tools.f2232h.protocol=

tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/um232h.cfg"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.cjmcuf2232h.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.cjmcuf2232h.pattern="{path}/{cmd}"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.cjmcuf2232h.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.cjmcuf2232h.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/ftdi/minimodule-lowcost.cfg"

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.extra_params=

tools.cjmcuf2232h.upload.protocol=

tools.cjmcuf2232h.protocol=

tools.daplink.vmserver.boardCmd=-f "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg" -c "adapter speed 1000"

tools.daplink.cmd=arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe

tools.daplink.path={runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path}/bin

tools.daplink.pattern="{path}/{cmd}" {args}

tools.daplink.vmserver.tool=vmopenocd

tools.daplink.debug.server=vmopenocd

tools.daplink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init; reset halt"

vs-cmd.Debug.AttachtoProcess.tools.daplink.vmserver.initCmd=-c "init"

tools.daplink.upload.scriptPath=-s "{upload.path}/scripts/"

tools.daplink.upload.boardCmd=-f "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg" -c "adapter speed 1000"

tools.daplink.upload.cmd=bin/openocd.exe

tools.daplink.upload.cmd.windows=bin/openocd.exe

tools.daplink.upload.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.10.0.20200213.path}

tools.daplink.upload.address=localhost:3333

tools.daplink.upload.params.verbose=-d2

tools.daplink.upload.params.quiet=-d0

tools.daplink.upload.elf.message=****[vMicro]**** Uploading ELF :

tools.daplink.upload.pattern="{upload.path}/{upload.cmd}" {upload.verbose} {upload.scriptPath} {upload.boardCmd} {upload.targetCmd} -c "echo -n {{upload.elf.message}}" {upload.programCmd}

tools.daplink.upload.extra_params=

tools.daplink.upload.protocol=

tools.daplink.protocol=

builder.core.parallel_build=false

vm.build.sketch.cpp-use-build-cache=true

vm.build.libraries.cache-on=

vm.preproc.lib-search.lib-in-lib=top-level

vm.preproc.lib-search.lib-in-sketch=all

vm.preproc.sketch.cpp-datetime-use-cache=true

vm.preproc.lib-search.ino-cache=true

vm.ctags.cache.gcc-e=true

runtime.tools.scons-local.path={runtime.tools.scons-local_2024-05-25.path}

runtime.tools.stm32tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26

runtime.tools.stm32tools-2022.9.26.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26

runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1

runtime.tools.arm-none-eabi-gcc-4.8.3-2014q1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1

runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arduinoOTA\1.3.0

runtime.tools.arduinoOTA-1.3.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arduinoOTA\1.3.0

runtime.tools.avrdude.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17

runtime.tools.avrdude-6.3.0-arduino17.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17

runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avr-gcc\7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7

runtime.tools.avr-gcc-7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avr-gcc\7.3.0-atmel3.6.1-arduino7

runtime.tools.ctags.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\ctags\5.8-arduino11

runtime.tools.ctags-5.8-arduino11.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\ctags\5.8-arduino11

runtime.tools.dfu-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\dfu-discovery\0.1.2

runtime.tools.dfu-discovery-0.1.2.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\dfu-discovery\0.1.2

runtime.tools.mdns-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\mdns-discovery\1.0.9

runtime.tools.mdns-discovery-1.0.9.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\mdns-discovery\1.0.9

runtime.tools.serial-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-discovery\1.4.1

runtime.tools.serial-discovery-1.4.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-discovery\1.4.1

runtime.tools.serial-monitor.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-monitor\0.14.1

runtime.tools.serial-monitor-0.14.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\builtin\tools\serial-monitor\0.14.1

runtime.tools.teensy-compile.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-compile\5.4.1

runtime.tools.teensy-compile-5.4.1.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-compile\5.4.1

runtime.tools.teensy-discovery.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-discovery\1.59.0

runtime.tools.teensy-discovery-1.59.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-discovery\1.59.0

runtime.tools.teensy-monitor.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-monitor\1.59.0

runtime.tools.teensy-monitor-1.59.0.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-monitor\1.59.0

runtime.tools.teensy-tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-tools\1.57.3

runtime.tools.teensy-tools-1.57.3.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\teensy\tools\teensy-tools\1.57.3

runtime.vm.boardinfo.id=stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C

ide.arduino2.enabled=true

ide.hint=Arduino IDE 2x is similar to Arduino 1x. Use Board and Library Manager to install default hardware and libraries.

ide.location.key=visualmicro

ide.location.ide.auto=true

ide.location.ide.winreg=Arduino Default Alt Application

ide.location.sketchbook.winreg=Arduino Default Alt Sketchbook

ide.auto_fill_default_package_urls=

ide.default.revision_name=1.8.13

ide.contributions.boards.allow=true

ide.platforms.basedon=arduino16x

ide.inherit=arduino16x

ide.location.preferences=%VM_APPDATA_LOCAL%\arduino15\preferences.txt

ide.location.preferences_fallback=%VM_APPDATA_ROAMING%\arduino15\preferences.txt

ide.location.contributions=%VM_APPDATA_LOCAL%\arduino15

ide.location.contributions_fallback=%VM_APPDATA_ROAMING%\arduino15

ide.location.builtin.libraries={ide.location.contributions}\libraries

ide.platformswithoutpackage=false

ide.contributions.boards.ignore_unless_rewrite_found=true

ide.contributions.libraries.allow=true

ide.contributions.boards.support.urls.wiki=https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/wiki/Unofficial-list-of-3rd-party-boards-support-urls

ide.create_platforms_from_boardsTXT.teensy=build.core

vm.debug=true

software=ARDUINO

ssh.user.name=root

ssh.user.default.password=arduino

ssh.host.wwwfiles.path=/www/sd

ide.exe=

build.working_directory=

ide.appid=arduino20x

ide.location.sketchbook.preferences=sketchbook.path

ide.default.version=10800

ide.default.package=arduino

ide.default.platform=avr

ide.multiplatform=true

ide.includes=Arduino.h

ide.exe_name=arduino

ide.recipe.preproc.defines.flags=-w -x c++ -E -dM

ide.includes.fallback=wprogram.h

ide.extension=ino

ide.extension.fallback=pde

ide.versionGTEQ=160

ide.builder.exe=arduinobuilder.exe

ide.builder.name=Arduino Builder

ide.hosts=atmel

ide.url=https://www.visualmicro.com/page/Download-Arduino-Or-Other-Supporting-IDEs.aspx

ide.help.reference.path=reference

ide.help.reference.path2=reference\www.arduino.cc\en\Reference

ide.help.reference.serial=reference\www.arduino.cc\en\Serial

ide.location.preferences.portable={runtime.ide.path}\portable

ide.location.preferences.arduinoData={runtime.sketchbook.path}\ArduinoData

runtime.tools.vm_web_debugger.path={vm.platform.root.path}/../../Micro Debuggers/WebDebugger

recipe.hooks.vmdeploy.vm_web_debugger_postupload.1.pattern="{runtime.tools.vm_web_debugger.path}/DeployMicroWebserver.exe" "{sketch_path}" "{serial.port}" "{runtime.hardware.path}\.."

recipe.hooks.vmlaunch.vm_web_debugger_preopen.1.pattern=notepad.exe "{sketch_path}\__vm\vmWebDebugger\Start-WebServer.bat"

recipe.hooks.vmlaunch.vm_web_debugger_preopen.2.pattern={sketch_path}\__vm\vmWebDebugger\Start-WebServer.bat

ide.debug_menu.debugger_type=Debug

ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.none=Off

ide.debug_menu.none.debug.tool=no_debug

ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.universal=Serial

ide.debug_menu.universal.debug.tool=universal

ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.toolchain=Arduino

ide.debug_menu.toolchain.debug.tool=toolchain

ide.debug_menu.debugger_type.hwdebugger=Hardware

ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger=Debugger

ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger.custom_debugger=Manual/Custom

ide.debug_menu.hwdebugger.custom_debugger.debug.tool=dbg_external

ide.meta_custom_debugger.sentence=Provides a build that includes debug defines and will launch a custom debugger if one is provided.

ide.meta_custom_debugger.paragraph=This is option is for advanced use. It is recommended that a pre-configured debugger be selected when available in this list. Usage: Optionally add a customer debugger to the project. A 'debugger_launch.json' file shares the same command syntax that is used by the VsCode debugger. Custom debuggers can be targeted at a board and/or variant and/or configuration name. IE: [variant].[configuration_name][.]debugger_launch.json

ide.meta_custom_debugger.reference.usage.url=https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-cpptools/blob/master/launch.md#customlaunchsetupcommands

ide.meta_custom_debugger.reference.connect.url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/create-custom-views-of-native-objects?view=vs-2019

ide.compiler_flags_no_opt=-O0

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization=Disable Optimization

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_default=Default Optimization

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_proj=No Project Optimization

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs=No Project + Libraries Optimization

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_proj_libs.vm_disable_opt_libraries={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_optimization.vm_disable_opt_all=No Optimization

ide.meta_vm_disable_opt_all.sentence=Disable compiler optimization for all sources:- Project, Library and Platform.

ide.meta_vm_disable_opt_all.comment=After switching between 'No Optimization' and other optimization values, please click "Solution Clean" or switch off (or cycle) 'vMicro>Compiler>Shared Cache For Cores'. NOTE: Changing optimization settings can cause build errors or result in overly large programs.

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_project={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_libraries={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

ide.debug_menu.vm_disable_opt_all.vm_disable_opt_core={ide.compiler_flags_no_opt}

vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.builtin=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages/builtin

vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.download=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\staging

vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino

vm.arduino2.location.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino

vm.arduino2.settings.dirs.builtin.libraries=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\libraries

boardsmanager.additional.urls=https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/package_teensy_index.json

location.sketchbook=c:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino

vm.resolved.location.builtin.libraries=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\libraries

runtime.vm.boardinfo.name=stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C

runtime.vm.boardinfo.desc=Generic STM32F103C series (stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)

runtime.vm.boardinfo.src_location=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26

build.core.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\cores\maple

vm.core.include=arduino.h

vm.boardsource.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26

runtime.platform.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26

vm.platformname.name=STM32F1

build.arch=STM32F1

vm.runtime.compiler.cached_cores_path=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x

vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings=false

vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings_core=false

vm.runtime.compiler.showwarnings_library=false

vm.runtime.upload.verbose=true

vm.runtime.upload.verify=false

runtime.vm.ide.platforms.path=c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms

runtime.vm.ide.tools.openocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.9.0.path}

runtime.vm.openocd.path={runtime.tools.openocd-0.9.0.path}

vm.runtime.build.intermediate_output_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\obj\ARM64\Release\

vm.runtime.build.intermediate_output_enabled=false

vm.runtime.build.final_output_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\bin\ARM64\Release\

compiler.always_include_sketchfolder=true

compiler.always_include_sharedprojectfolders=true

vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes=true

vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_shallow=true

vm.runtime.compiler.allow_library_debugging=false

vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_scons=false

vm.sketch_ino_cpp_name=BluePill.cpp

vm.solution.configuration_name=Release

serial.port.file=COM16

serial.port=COM16

serial.port.num=16

port.caption=COM16 - USB Serial Device

Caption=USB Serial Device (COM16)

ClassGuid={4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}

CompatibleID.value0=USB\Class_02

ConfigManagerErrorCode=0

ConfigManagerUserConfig=False

CreationClassName=Win32_PnPEntity

Description=USB Serial Device

DeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4

HardwareID.value0=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004

Manufacturer=Microsoft

Name=USB Serial Device (COM16)

PNPClass=Ports

PNPDeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4

Present=True

Service=usbser

Status=OK

SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem

SystemName=FRANK_XPS_9530

vid=0x1EAF

pid=0x0004

vidpid=1EAF0004

vid_pid=0x1EAF_0x0004

iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4

extra.time.local=1731322959

extra.time.utc=1731340959

extra.time.dst=-18000

extra.time.zone=18000

serial.port.caption=COM16 - USB Serial Device

serial.Caption=USB Serial Device (COM16)

serial.ClassGuid={4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}

serial.CompatibleID.value0=USB\Class_02

serial.ConfigManagerErrorCode=0

serial.ConfigManagerUserConfig=False

serial.CreationClassName=Win32_PnPEntity

serial.Description=USB Serial Device

serial.DeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4

serial.HardwareID.value0=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004

serial.Manufacturer=Microsoft

serial.Name=USB Serial Device (COM16)

serial.PNPClass=Ports

serial.PNPDeviceID=USB\VID_1EAF&PID_0004\C&39F82F70&0&4

serial.Present=True

serial.Service=usbser

serial.Status=OK

serial.SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem

serial.SystemName=FRANK_XPS_9530

serial.vid=0x1EAF

serial.pid=0x0004

serial.vidpid=1EAF0004

serial.vid_pid=0x1EAF_0x0004

serial.iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4

serial.port.iserial=C&39F82F70&0&4

build.project_name=BluePill.ino

build.project_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill

sketch_path=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill

ProjectDir=C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\

build.path=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release

vm.runtime.compile.skip_library_file_if_exists_in_project=false

vm.runtime.compiler.auto_discover_includes_cache=true

debug.tool=no_debug

build.ldscript=ld/bootloader_20.ld

upload.maximum_size=65536

upload.maximum_data_size=20480

upload.usbID=1EAF:0003

upload.altID=2

build.fqbn=stm32duino:STM32F1:genericSTM32F103C:device_variant=STM32F103C8,upload_method=DFUUploadMethod,cpu_speed=speed_72mhz

build.architecture=4.8.3-2014q1

vmresolved.compiler.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1\bin\

vmresolved.tools.path=c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1

vm.settings.IsLinuxProject=true

build.vm.build.vmdebug=0

build.vm.build.isgdb=0

build.vm.build.optimised=1

vm.last.buildpath=C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release

Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'

Build Folder: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Temp/VMBuilds/BluePill/stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C/Release"

Summary: Header=1 Prototypes=1 Imports=0

Additional Defines:

Architecture Tools: "file:///c://Users//Frank//AppData//Local//Arduino15//packages//arduino//tools//arm-none-eabi-gcc//4.8.3-2014q1/bin/"

Api: 2.2024.0722-8

Sketch Book: "file:///c:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino"

User Libraries: "file:///c:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/libraries"

Build Temp: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Temp/VMBuilds/BluePill/stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C/Release"

Board Support Urls: "http://dan.drown.org/stm32duino/package_STM32duino_index.json"

Core Include Paths

Include Path "file:///c:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/stm32duino/hardware/STM32F1/2022.9.26/cores/maple"

Include Path "file:///c:/Users/Frank/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/stm32duino/hardware/STM32F1/2022.9.26/variants/generic_stm32f103c"

Deep search for libraries ...

Using previous search results: C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.cpp

Extracting .ino prototypes ...

"c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\tools\ctags/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/sketch-gcc-e-clean.cpp.filtered.cpp"

setup C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino /^void setup()$/;" kind:function line:21 signature:() returntype:void

loop C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/.vmpreproc/C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino /^void loop()$/;" kind:function line:30 signature:() returntype:void

Required: True, Prototype: void setup();, Function: setup, Kind: function, Line: 21, Signature: (), File: C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino, Code: void setup()

Required: True, Prototype: void loop();, Function: loop, Kind: function, Line: 30, Signature: (), File: C:\Users\Frank\Documents\Arduino\BluePill\BluePill\BluePill.ino, Code: void loop()

Building variant ...

Using previously compiled variant

Building core ...

Building project code ...

Using previously compiled file: C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\BluePill.cpp.o

Linking it all together ...

# Coping cached core C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\core.a to C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\core.a

"c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++" -Os -Wl,--gc-sections --specs=nano.specs -mcpu=cortex-m3 "-Tc:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\variants\generic_stm32f103c/ld/bootloader_20.ld" "-Wl,-Map,C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.map" "-Lc:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2022.9.26\variants\generic_stm32f103c/ld" -o "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf" "-LC:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release" -lm -lgcc -mthumb -Wl,--cref -Wl,--check-sections -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=report-all -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,--warn-section-align -Wl,--warn-unresolved-symbols -Wl,--start-group "BluePill.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\board.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\wirish\boards.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\wirish\boards_setup.cpp.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\start.S.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\start_c.c.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBCore\arduino20x\09fbb7ffe32dab9563cfd9c36010c9b3\variant\syscalls.c.o" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release\core.a" -Wl,--end-group

# recipe.objcopy.hex.pattern

"c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy" -O binary "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf" "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"

# Compute Size: "c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-size" -A "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.elf"

Program BluePill size: 13068 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.97 secs)

Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)

# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'

# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'

Uploader started for board Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)

Upload method will be: bootloader

Uploading via Bootloader

Resetting to bootloader via Serial

Serial reset

Reset via USB Serial completed

c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\maple_upload.bat COM16 2 1EAF:0003 "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C\Release/BluePill.ino.bin" "c:\program files\microsoft visual studio\2022\community\common7\ide\extensions\jbmj4m1q.esc\Micro Platforms\visualmicro\ide"

maple_loader v0.1

Resetting to bootloader via DTR pulse

# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:

# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x000000007110b5db, pid=25516, tid=0x0000000000008190

# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (8.0_431) (build 1.8.0_431-b10)

# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.431-b10 mixed mode windows-amd64 compressed oops)

# Problematic frame:

# C [jSSC-2.8_x86_64.dll+0xb5db]

# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows

# An error report file with more information is saved as:

# c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\hs_err_pid25516.log

# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:

# http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp

# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.

# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.

The upload process has finished.

After passing this along, it was suggested I try this trick again, but after launching VS2022 in ‘Administrator’ mode. This made no difference – got the same error.

After some more thought and discussion, I came to the conclusion that the reason this was failing is because the ‘blue pill’ devices don’t have any (or at least, the proper) bootloader installed. This situation is discussed here, and also here

As an experiment, I changed the jumper back to the default location (same side for both jumpers) and tried again – same (bad) result.

After this, I also tried the ‘HID Bootloader 2.0’ upload method, also using the USB connector. It failed, with the following output:

Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'
 
Program size: 13084 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.25 secs)
Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)
 
Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'
Resetting to bootloader via Serial
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|         HID-Flash v2.1 - STM32 HID Bootloader Flash Tool               |
|     (c)      2018 - Bruno Freitas      - http://www.brunofreitas.com/  |
|     (c) 2018-2019 - Vassilis Serasidis - https://www.serasidis.gr/     |
|   Customized for STM32duino ecosystem  - https://www.stm32duino.com/   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
> Trying to open the comport...
> Toggling DTR...
> Searching for 1209:BEBA HID device...
##########
	The upload process has finished.
Error - No HID Bootloader device is found

Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'

Program size: 13084 bytes (used 20% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.25 secs)

Minimum Memory Usage: 2064 bytes (10% of a 20480 byte maximum)

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM16'

Resetting to bootloader via Serial

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| HID-Flash v2.1 - STM32 HID Bootloader Flash Tool |

| Customized for STM32duino ecosystem - https://www.stm32duino.com/ |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

> Trying to open the comport...

> Toggling DTR...

> Searching for 1209:BEBA HID device...

##########

The upload process has finished.

Error - No HID Bootloader device is found

This all led me to believe that my ‘blue pill’ devices either have no bootloader loaded, or have the wrong version.

Back to the books. From the original vMicro forum reply I went to their ‘STMicroelectronics STM32 Overview‘ page, and from there to the stm32duinio ‘Arduino_Core_STM32‘ and Serasidis ‘STM_32_HID_Bootloader‘ github sites.

Upload methods site:

I had real trouble understanding correlating the information on this site with my observations when working with my ‘blue pill’ devices. Apparently when I was able to program the device with the ST-LINK adaptor I was using the ‘SWD’ method, described on the Overview site as:

SWD
Requires a ST-Link/V2 or ST-Link/V3 device connected to the PC over USB and to the board via the SWD interface.

Tip

Several boards manufactured by ST integrate ST-Link: Nucleo, Discovery, Eval.

Be sure that the necessary driver for Windows is installed (available here) and the ST-Link adapter is updated to the latest firmware (application to upgrade the firmware).

Only 3 pins are required for basic programming and debugging of the STM32 MCU devices (4 if the board is powered by the programmer) using Serial Debug Wire (SWD):

GND
SWDIO
SWCLK
3.3V (optional)
Caution

Avoid wired 3.3V to the target board if it is already powered by an other source (external supply, USB,..) else you may damage the board, programmer, USB port or external supply.

Refers to ST-Link V2 or ST-Link V3 user Manual and to the board documentations (User Manual, schematics,...) to ensure connect to the right pins.

SWD

Requires a ST-Link/V2 or ST-Link/V3 device connected to the PC over USB and to the board via the SWD interface.

Tip

Several boards manufactured by ST integrate ST-Link: Nucleo, Discovery, Eval.

Be sure that the necessary driver for Windows is installed (available here) and the ST-Link adapter is updated to the latest firmware (application to upgrade the firmware).

Only 3 pins are required for basic programming and debugging of the STM32 MCU devices (4 if the board is powered by the programmer) using Serial Debug Wire (SWD):

GND

SWDIO

SWCLK

3.3V (optional)

Caution

Avoid wired 3.3V to the target board if it is already powered by an other source (external supply, USB,..) else you may damage the board, programmer, USB port or external supply.

Refers to ST-Link V2 or ST-Link V3 user Manual and to the board documentations (User Manual, schematics,...) to ensure connect to the right pins.

12 November 2024 Update:

Based on what I have learned so far, STM32* MCU’s aren’t naturally compatible with the Arduino ecosystem. However, there are several workarounds that allow Arduino programs to work on STM32 devices. There apparently are at least two hardware-facilitated methods for uploading Arduino programs to STM32 devices; one is by using a ST-LINK device (STM or ‘clone’) connected to a ‘SoftWare Debug’ (SWD) port if one is available, and another is by using a FTDI(Future Technology Devices International) USB-Serial adapter device connected to a MCU serial port.

In addition to the ‘hardware-facilitated’ workarounds, there are at least two different software implementations that allow Arduino programs to be uploaded via the USB port. Both of these require that a ‘bootloader’ be installed into the STM32* MCU. One implementation is the ‘Maple’ bootloader, which comes in two flavors – the ‘original Maple bootloader’ and a modification of the original Maple bootloader called ‘STM32duino-bootloader’, or ‘bootloader 2.0’.

Serial Adaptor Method

The FTDI (serial adaptor) method requires that the STM32* MCU be restarted in ‘native bootloader’ mode before attempting to program the device. This is accomplished (in the case of ‘blue pill’ devices) by moving the BOOT0 jumper from the ‘1’ setting to the ‘0’ setting, as shown below, and then pressing and releasing the RESET button:

Then the program can be uploaded via the Arduino IDE (in my case I’m using the Visual Studio 2022 Visual Micro extension for Arduino, so my ‘look and feel’ will be different).

I found a really good tutorial for this ‘serial’ mode here. It was created in 2018, so it is a bit out of date with respect to the state of development of arduino-compatible bootloaders allowing program upload via USB, but is by far the clearest, most readable treatment of FTDI-based serial adaptor program uploads. I copied the wiring diagram shown below from this tutorial, in case it goes away at some point:

The process for upload using Arduino and a serial adaptor for program upload described here assumes you have the Arduino IDE installed and have the STM32 family of boards installed in the Arduino IDE. The procedure for installing the board information varies depending on the Arduino IDE version (I’m using Arduino 2 with the Visual Micro extension to Visual Studion 2022).

Wire up the blue pill in accordance with the above diagram, and connect a USB cable from the adaptor to your PC. Note the port number associated with this connection
Select the ‘serial’ upload method and the port number from above, as shown in the screenshot below
Move the blue pill BOOT0 jumper from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and press/release the RESET button. This places the MCU in ‘Program’ mode using the built-in uploader.
Compile/Upload the desired Arduino program. I strongly suggest you start with a simple ‘blink’ program. You should see the upload progress from 0 to 100%. If you don’t see upload progress, you have something wrong.
Move the BOOT0 jumper from ‘1’ back to ‘0’ and press/release RESET. Moving the jumper places the MCU back in ‘user’ mode and pressing/releasing RESET will start your user program running. Note that in my experience, the user program will start right away, even with the BOOT0 jumper in the ‘1’ position, but you must actually move the jumper or the next time you cycle power or press/release the RESET button the MCU will come back up in ‘Program’ mode and your user program will not run.

‘Serial’ upload method and ‘COM15’ selected for program upload

The output from a successful compile/upload cycle is shown below:

Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'
 
Program size: 11840 bytes (used 18% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.18 secs)
Minimum Memory Usage: 1432 bytes (7% of a 20480 byte maximum)
 
Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM15'
Resetting to bootloader via Serial
stm32flash 0.4
http://stm32flash.googlecode.com/
Using Parser : Raw BINARY
Interface serial_w32: 115200 8E1
Version      : 0x22
Option 1     : 0x00
Option 2     : 0x00
Device ID    : 0x0410 (Medium-density)
- RAM        : 20KiB  (512b reserved by bootloader)
- Flash      : 128KiB (sector size: 4x1024)
- Option RAM : 16b
- System RAM : 2KiB
Write to memory
Erasing memory
Wrote address 0x08000100 (2.16%) 
Wrote address 0x08000200 (4.32%) 
Wrote address 0x08000300 (6.49%) 
Wrote address 0x08000400 (8.65%) 
Wrote address 0x08000500 (10.81%) 
Wrote address 0x08000600 (12.97%) 
Wrote address 0x08000700 (15.14%) 
Wrote address 0x08000800 (17.30%) 
Wrote address 0x08000900 (19.46%) 
Wrote address 0x08000a00 (21.62%) 
Wrote address 0x08000b00 (23.78%) 
Wrote address 0x08000c00 (25.95%) 
Wrote address 0x08000d00 (28.11%) 
Wrote address 0x08000e00 (30.27%) 
Wrote address 0x08000f00 (32.43%) 
Wrote address 0x08001000 (34.59%) 
Wrote address 0x08001100 (36.76%) 
Wrote address 0x08001200 (38.92%) 
Wrote address 0x08001300 (41.08%) 
Wrote address 0x08001400 (43.24%) 
Wrote address 0x08001500 (45.41%) 
Wrote address 0x08001600 (47.57%) 
Wrote address 0x08001700 (49.73%) 
Wrote address 0x08001800 (51.89%) 
Wrote address 0x08001900 (54.05%) 
Wrote address 0x08001a00 (56.22%) 
Wrote address 0x08001b00 (58.38%) 
Wrote address 0x08001c00 (60.54%) 
Wrote address 0x08001d00 (62.70%) 
Wrote address 0x08001e00 (64.86%) 
Wrote address 0x08001f00 (67.03%) 
Wrote address 0x08002000 (69.19%) 
Wrote address 0x08002100 (71.35%) 
Wrote address 0x08002200 (73.51%) 
Wrote address 0x08002300 (75.68%) 
Wrote address 0x08002400 (77.84%) 
Wrote address 0x08002500 (80.00%) 
Wrote address 0x08002600 (82.16%) 
Wrote address 0x08002700 (84.32%) 
Wrote address 0x08002800 (86.49%) 
Wrote address 0x08002900 (88.65%) 
Wrote address 0x08002a00 (90.81%) 
Wrote address 0x08002b00 (92.97%) 
Wrote address 0x08002c00 (95.14%) 
Wrote address 0x08002d00 (97.30%) 
Wrote address 0x08002e00 (99.46%) 
Wrote address 0x08002e40 (100.00%) Done.
Starting execution at address 0x08000000... done.
	The upload process has finished.

Compiling 'BluePill' for 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)'

Program size: 11840 bytes (used 18% of a 65536 byte maximum) (0.18 secs)

Minimum Memory Usage: 1432 bytes (7% of a 20480 byte maximum)

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'Generic STM32F103C series(stm32duino_genericSTM32F103C)' using 'COM15'

Resetting to bootloader via Serial

stm32flash 0.4

http://stm32flash.googlecode.com/

Using Parser : Raw BINARY

Interface serial_w32: 115200 8E1

Version : 0x22

Option 1 : 0x00

Option 2 : 0x00

Device ID : 0x0410 (Medium-density)

- RAM : 20KiB (512b reserved by bootloader)

- Flash : 128KiB (sector size: 4x1024)

- Option RAM : 16b

- System RAM : 2KiB

Write to memory

Erasing memory

Wrote address 0x08000100 (2.16%)

Wrote address 0x08000200 (4.32%)

Wrote address 0x08000300 (6.49%)

Wrote address 0x08000400 (8.65%)

Wrote address 0x08000500 (10.81%)

Wrote address 0x08000600 (12.97%)

Wrote address 0x08000700 (15.14%)

Wrote address 0x08000800 (17.30%)

Wrote address 0x08000900 (19.46%)

Wrote address 0x08000a00 (21.62%)

Wrote address 0x08000b00 (23.78%)

Wrote address 0x08000c00 (25.95%)

Wrote address 0x08000d00 (28.11%)

Wrote address 0x08000e00 (30.27%)

Wrote address 0x08000f00 (32.43%)

Wrote address 0x08001000 (34.59%)

Wrote address 0x08001100 (36.76%)

Wrote address 0x08001200 (38.92%)

Wrote address 0x08001300 (41.08%)

Wrote address 0x08001400 (43.24%)

Wrote address 0x08001500 (45.41%)

Wrote address 0x08001600 (47.57%)

Wrote address 0x08001700 (49.73%)

Wrote address 0x08001800 (51.89%)

Wrote address 0x08001900 (54.05%)

Wrote address 0x08001a00 (56.22%)

Wrote address 0x08001b00 (58.38%)

Wrote address 0x08001c00 (60.54%)

Wrote address 0x08001d00 (62.70%)

Wrote address 0x08001e00 (64.86%)

Wrote address 0x08001f00 (67.03%)

Wrote address 0x08002000 (69.19%)

Wrote address 0x08002100 (71.35%)

Wrote address 0x08002200 (73.51%)

Wrote address 0x08002300 (75.68%)

Wrote address 0x08002400 (77.84%)

Wrote address 0x08002500 (80.00%)

Wrote address 0x08002600 (82.16%)

Wrote address 0x08002700 (84.32%)

Wrote address 0x08002800 (86.49%)

Wrote address 0x08002900 (88.65%)

Wrote address 0x08002a00 (90.81%)

Wrote address 0x08002b00 (92.97%)

Wrote address 0x08002c00 (95.14%)

Wrote address 0x08002d00 (97.30%)

Wrote address 0x08002e00 (99.46%)

Wrote address 0x08002e40 (100.00%) Done.

Starting execution at address 0x08000000... done.

The upload process has finished.

13 November 2024 Update:

OK, now I have learned how to upload Arduino programs to my ‘blue pill’ STMF103C -based boards. I can program it using an ST-LINK adaptor, and I can program it using a FTDI serial adaptor. Both of these options rely on STMicro’s internal bootloader to transfer a program binary to flash memory.

After successfully programming both my ‘blue pill’ devices, I decided to try my luck with my 3D printer motherboard. This board has both serial (UART) and SWD (ST-LINK) connectors, and I chose the SWD connector option. My first try at this failed, at which point I used vMicro’s Visual Micro Explorer to check for a STM32F40xx board selection, found the ‘STM32F4xx’ selection, and installed it.

This then shows up as ‘STM32 Discovery F407’ in the board selection entry field.

With this configuration, I was able to program a variation on my blue pill ‘blink’ program to direct a square wave to the buzzer on the motherboard. Amazingly, this worked like a champ, proving that my motherboard has not been bricked at all – Yay!!

Here’s the compiler/uploader output:

Program BluePill size: 20532 bytes (used 2% of a 1048576 byte maximum) (1.82 secs)
Minimum Memory Usage: 5504 bytes (4% of a 131072 byte maximum)
 
# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'
# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'STM32 Discovery F407(stm32duino_discovery_f407)' using 'COM15'
Uploader started for board STM32 Discovery F407(stm32duino_discovery_f407)
Upload method will be: bootloader
Uploading via Bootloader 
c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\stlink_upload.bat "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_discovery_f407\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"
STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.3.0.0
	The upload process has finished.
STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface
ST-LINK SN: 29003F000E2D343632525544
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J37S7 (Need Update)
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: Normal
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x413 
Device flash Size: 1024 Kbytes
Device family: STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx
Loading file...
Flash Programming:
  File : C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_discovery_f407\Release\BluePill.ino.bin
  Address : 0x08000000
Memory programming...
±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± 0%
 0%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 100%
Memory programmed in 0s and 890ms.
Programming Complete.
MCU Reset.
Application started.

Program BluePill size: 20532 bytes (used 2% of a 1048576 byte maximum) (1.82 secs)

Minimum Memory Usage: 5504 bytes (4% of a 131072 byte maximum)

# Copy build result to 'Project>Property Pages>Intermediate Directory'

# Destination: "file:///C:/Users/Frank/Documents/Arduino/BluePill/BluePill/obj/ARM64/Release/"

Uploading 'BluePill' to 'STM32 Discovery F407(stm32duino_discovery_f407)' using 'COM15'

Uploader started for board STM32 Discovery F407(stm32duino_discovery_f407)

Upload method will be: bootloader

Uploading via Bootloader

STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.3.0.0

The upload process has finished.

STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface

ST-LINK SN: 29003F000E2D343632525544

ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J37S7 (Need Update)

Connected via SWD.

SWD Frequency = 4000K.

Target voltage = 3.2 V

Connection mode: Normal

Reset mode: Software reset

Device ID: 0x413

Device flash Size: 1024 Kbytes

Device family: STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx

Loading file...

Flash Programming:

File : C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_discovery_f407\Release\BluePill.ino.bin

Address : 0x08000000

Memory programming...

±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± 0%

0%ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ 100%

Memory programmed in 0s and 890ms.

Programming Complete.

MCU Reset.

Application started.

Looking through the above output, I realized that this line:

c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\stlink_upload.bat "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_discovery_f407\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"

1	c:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\tools\stm32tools\2022.9.26\win\stlink_upload.bat "C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp\VMBuilds\BluePill\stm32duino_discovery_f407\Release/BluePill.ino.bin"

which points to ‘stlink_upload.bat’ shown below:

@echo off
rem: Note %~dp0 get path of this batch file
rem: Need to change drive if My Documents is on a drive other than C:
set driverLetter=%~dp0
set driverLetter=%driverLetter:~0,2%
%driverLetter%
cd %~dp0
rem: the two line below are needed to fix path issues with incorrect slashes before the bin file name
set str=%1
set str=%str:/=\%


rem: ------------- use STLINK CLI
stlink\ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c SWD -P %str% 0x8000000 -Rst -Run -NoPrompt

rem: Using the open source texane-stlink instead of the proprietary STM stlink exe
rem:texane-stlink\st-flash.exe write %str% 0x8000000

@echo off

rem: Note %~dp0 get path of this batch file

rem: Need to change drive if My Documents is on a drive other than C:

set driverLetter=%~dp0

set driverLetter=%driverLetter:~0,2%

%driverLetter%

cd %~dp0

rem: the two line below are needed to fix path issues with incorrect slashes before the bin file name

set str=%1

set str=%str:/=\%

rem: ------------- use STLINK CLI

stlink\ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c SWD -P %str% 0x8000000 -Rst -Run -NoPrompt

rem: Using the open source texane-stlink instead of the proprietary STM stlink exe

rem:texane-stlink\st-flash.exe write %str% 0x8000000

Is where ‘all the magic’ happens. After the user program is compiled into a binary (in this case ‘BluePill.ino.bin’) this file is passed to an open-source version of STM32’s ST-LINK program, which then writes the binary file to STM32 flash memory starting at location 0x8000000.

I think this means that I could just as easily use ST-LINK on my PC to upload BluePill.ino.bin to 0x8000000.

YESSSSS! Using STM’s ST-LINK on my laptop (for some reason I can’t get STM32CubeProgrammer to work) I uploaded BluePill.ino.bin to the FFCP2 board, and it worked!

Next, I tried uploading the original FFCP2 firmware onto the device, hoping that I would then have *two* working FFCP2 motherboards. Unfortunately, although the upload succeeded, and I was able to verify that the contents of the MCU’s flash memory were identical to the binary file I got from FlashForge Tech support, I saw no indication that the program was actually running (even though no actual printer hardware was connected, I had expected that at least the display and the buzzer would be active).

Alas, now I can no longer connect to the board using ST-LINK 🙁 I fear my journey is over, and not in a good way 🙁🙁🙁🙁

Starting Over with Windows 11

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posted 04 August 2024

I recently purchased a new Dell XPS15-9530 with Windows 11 installed, and I have spent the time since that purchase trying to get Windows 11 to work like I want it to, and Windows 11 has spent that same amount of time trying to get me to work like it wants me to – GRRR!

Here are some of the things I want to change from the basic Win 11 Home package I received.

Win 11 photo viewer sucks, and the photo viewer from Office 2010 rocks. In the old viewer, I can move from photo to photo with left and right arrows, and I can manipulate the photo multiple photos at the same time.
The right-click context menu in the file explorer view now has multiple pages of context menu items, most of which aren’t useful. The ‘preview’ option, which I use a lot, is buried at the bottom of the second page
Win 11 insists on storing my files in the ‘OneDrive’ (cloud) folder, and I hate that. Even if I ‘unlink’ my PC from ‘OneDrive’, it still tries to put stuff on the cloud – grr. See this link for information on how to adjust this
I now have multiple ‘Documents’ folders with multiple icons, and none of them point to my Documents folder.
Win 11 insists on using the first 5 characters of my email address as the name of the primary user folder (‘C:\users\[primary user name]’) and I want it use my first name for this. See this link for some information on this. Also, this link seems to imply that I might be able to ‘change my primary alias’ in my Microsoft account, (which might then change the default user account?). I was able to create a fake Outlook account (Frankabcede@outlook.com) and (although I didn’t do it this time) make it the primary alias. In theory, if I do this and then start over with Windows 11, I should wind up with ‘Frank’ as my default user account, and C:\users\Frank as my default user folder.
Win 11 insists on saving screenshots taken with Shift-Windows-S key combination to a screenshots folder in C:\Users\paynt\OneDrive\Pictures\Screenshots, even though I have unlinked my PC from OneDrive.
The private LAN connection between my old and new PC’s seems to come and go with the wind. At one point I got it working by setting it to ‘not use passwords’ or something like that.

So, for the nth time, I’m starting over, and this time I plan to document all the steps, so when I have to do this again (on the Nth+1 redo), I’ll have a little bit better roadmap. To prepare for the ‘redo’, I printed out the list of apps currently installed on the new PC, as shown in the screenshot below:

4 August 2024 list of apps on new Win 11 PC

When I look at the ‘Home’ file explorer display on my old PC, I see the following:

Which shows that Downloads, Pictures, Videos, Desktop, Music and ‘Documents’ have ‘Stored Locally’ shown – so apparently, I got that done correctly on my old PC. When I do the same thing on my new PC, I get the following:

Resetting to factory defaults while keeping personal files:

I followed the steps shown in this link to restore to factory defaults while keeping personal files intact. Unfortunately when it came back up again, it still had ‘C:\users\paynt’ as the default folder, along with another one labelled Frank.Frank_9350, wherever the heck that came from.

Trying again, but this time I chose the option to download the OS from the web rather than restoring from a local copy.

This didn’t work either, so I elected to reset from web download, including ditching all my files and accounts (everything is backed up on my NAS, so shouldn’t be an issue).

On this run-through, I opted to not restore from my previous PC, instead opting to ‘set up as a new PC’. We’ll see how this goes. Also, I used my new ‘Frank_Paynter@outlook.com’ as my email address for my Microsoft account. Hopefully that will result in ‘C:\users\Frank’ (first 5 characters of email address) as my default user folder

Decided to skip ‘Let’s customize your experience’ and ‘Use your phone from your PC’. Accepted ‘Always have access to your recent browsing data’, skipped PC Game Pass, and then it went into updates.

Success! (with a small ‘S’). The default user folder is named ‘Frank’ instead of ‘paynt’, and there is only one of them. Also, Desktop, Downloads, Documents, Music, and Videos are ‘Stored Locally’. Unfortunately, ‘Pictures’ are still stored on OneDrive.

So, I found this:

How do I Unsync a picture folder from OneDrive?

Open OneDrive settings (select the OneDrive cloud icon in your notification area, and then select the OneDrive Help and Settings icon then Settings.) Go to the Account tab. Select Choose folders. In the Choose Folders dialog box, uncheck any folders you don’t want to sync to your computer and select OK.

And UNchecked all the folders. The first time I tried this, I couldn’t UNcheck the pictures folder, and there was a message “we are unable to stop synching some folders” After I searched on this, I found another page that said:

May 11, 2021 — Can’t stop syncing folder · Right-click OneDrive blue cloud icon in the system try, click Settings. · Go to Backup tab and click Manage Backup.

So, I did that and told Windows to stop backing up any folders to OneDrive. Then I was able to UNcheck the pictures folder (and all the other ones too), so hopefully I am almost fully weaned from OneDrive at this point. Curiously, when I went back to the ‘Choose Folders’ page to verify that everything was still UNchecked, it took a while (a minute or two) for the page to come up. When it did, however, everything was still UNchecked – Yay!

And, another success! When I took a screengrab of the ‘Choose Folders’ page, the storage location turned out to be “C:\Users\Frank\Pictures\Screenshots” – Yay Yay! I also confirmed it’s not actually necessary to bring the screengrab up to center screen and select ‘Save’, as screengrabs are automatically saved to the above folder – Yay Yay Yay!

Next, I unlinked this PC from OneDrive, using the procedure below:

To unlink your OneDrive account from a PC, you can do the following:

Select the OneDrive cloud in your notification area to open the OneDrive pop-up
Select the OneDrive Help and Settings icon
Select Settings
Go to the Account tab
Select Unlink this PC

This actually worked, and now the OneDrive (cloud) icon has disappeared from the left side of File Explorer entirely – Yay Yay Yay Yay!

Windows 11 Pink Border on File Explorer

Apparently, Windows 11 has a weird sense of humor, as I have found that the border of the file explorer (and maybe others) dialog box is colored pink when it is selected, and gray when it isn’t. I hate the pink color, and naturally (because Windows 11) it can’t be changed! I found this page, where it says:

Windows 11 File Explorer uses Mica effect in the titlebar and toolbar and that’s why we can’t set any color in the titlebar using Personalization settings. In Windows 10, we could set any color in File Explorer’s titlebar by changing the accent color in Personalization settings. So, following the steps on this page, I downloaded ExplorerPatcher and tried to use it to get rid of the pink border around file explorer windows, but either windows 11 or ExplorerPatcher has changed, as this trick didn’t work -Rats!

Among other posts on the i-net, I found this one complaining about ‘pink everywhere’. The response by a ‘Microsoft expert’ contained a link to a ‘known problem in win 11’, bu the link is broken. Otherwise there was a long dissertation about display drivers (which I ignored because I haven’t changed the drivers on my laptop and they worked fine with the original win 11 install).

Finally, while just randomly changing things on the color settings dialog, I switched the ‘Transparency effects’ OFF, and voila! The pink border around file explorer windows was removed! Halleluiah! Here’s a screenshot of this particular dialog with the ‘Transparency effects’ switch highlighted:

File Sharing on Local Network:

Before I reset my new laptop, I had file sharing (somewhat) working between my new laptop, my old laptop, and my wife’s laptop, so I was hopeful that I could get it working again. In ‘Advanced Network settings’ I enabled ‘Network discovery’ and ‘File and printer sharing’ for private networks (and disabled them for public ones). I also disabled the ‘Password protected sharing’ option and enabled ‘Public folder sharing’. Here’s a screenshot of the setup:

Then I verified the above settings were the same for my old laptop (they were). In File Explorer I navigated to the C:\Users\Frank\Documents folder and in ‘Advanced Network Settings’ set it to share with full control by ‘Everyone’ as shown below:

Then I did the same thing with C:\Users\Public.

When I went back to my old laptop to verify sharing, I noticed that that the ‘Documents’ folder wasn’t shared, but the ‘Public’ folder was properly shared with full control for ‘Everyone’. That might explain why I was having problems with local network sharing before. In any case, I set up sharing for ‘Documents’ and ‘Public’ the same as the new laptop. Then I restarted both laptops.

When the laptops came back up, I double-clicked the network icon on both. On my old laptop I could see the NAS and Jo’s laptop, but not my new one. When I did the same on the new laptop, I couldn’t see any other devices, but there was a popup message at the top of the explorer window to the effect that network discovery had not been turned on, and to ‘click here’ to do so. I clicked, and after that I could see all the devices on my local network. I’m not sure why this happened, as I was sure I had already enabled network sharing, as shown in the ‘Advanced Network Settings – Advanced Sharing Settings’ screenshot above (maybe I didn’t click on OK?).

So, after rebooting both laptops, I can access folders on my new laptop from my old laptop, but not the other way around. I successfully copied a ~2MB folder from old to new Documents folders, but I can’t go the other way – strange. I worked through a ton of potential fixes for this, all without success. So, I’ve decided to bend to the inevitable and just go with the flow here.

Applications:

Windows Office – installed OK

Upgrade to Win 11 Pro – Per advice from CoPilot, navigated to Settings->System->Activation->Change Product Key -> Click on ‘Change’ -> enter generic Windows 11 Pro product key (VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T), and clicked OK. That was all there was to it. First time I’ve actually benefited from AI!

Activate Application Guard: Done

AJC Active Backup & AJCSync4: Done

Arduino & Teensyduino: According to this Teensy page, I Installed Arduino IDE 2.3.2, copied in the URL, and then installed teensy-specific software as described. Everything seemed to go well, with last line of log = ‘Platform teensy:avr@1.59.0 installed‘

Bridge Composer: Downloaded the 30-day trial, Installed and activated using emailed activation key

CopyTransControlCenter/CopyTransPhoto: For uploading videos from wife’s iphone – Done

DipTrace non-professional Standard License: Done

Movavi Video Editor 2024: Installed and activated using emailed activation key, but I don’t like the dark background – fix later

Notepad++: Done

P-touch Editor: Done

Prusa Slicer 2.8.0: Done

TeraTerm: Done

TrackIR5: Tried to install but was stopped by McAfee. Uninstalled McAfee – Done

Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition: Done

Wixel Configuration Utility: Done

Get Legacy Office Photo Viewer Back:

This site has the procedure for getting the old photo viewer back as a stand-alone app. Following the link to this site, I downloaded Microsoft SharePoint 2010 installer and launched it. Then I selected ‘Customize’. Then I set all options to ‘Not available’ except for ‘Microsoft Office Picture Manager’, which I set for ‘Run from My Computer’ (see screengrab below).

All options except ‘Microsoft Office Picture Manager’ set to ‘Not Available’

Then I clicked on ‘Install Now’ to install Picture Manager as a stand-alone app.

The next step is to restore the ‘Preview’ context menu option for photos. I found this site:

Procedure for restoring ‘Preview’ option to context menu for photos

However, I found that ‘Default Apps’ had been moved to Settings -> Apps -> Default apps. From there select ‘Photos’, and then set’ Microsoft Office 2010′ as the default app for each photo extension (.jpeg, .jpg, .png). This worked great – and as promised, the ‘Preview’ option appeared on the context menu (unfortunately it appeared on the ‘second page’ so you have to first select ‘Show more options’ to see it).

Restore Windows 10 context menu with ‘Preview’ item near top:

Now that I have the old Office Photo Manager back, the next trick is to move the ‘Preview’ context menu item to the ‘front’ page of the context menu. After some research, it appears that the easiest way to do this is to simply restore the Windows 10 context menu style. This involves adding a key to the registry. There are a number of ‘HowTo’ videos on this – pick one. After editing the registry, this is my new context menu for photos:

Windows 10 context menu, with ‘Preview’ 3rd from top

End Game:

At this point I think I have things pretty well recovered, without all the crap about multiple ‘Document’ folders and wrong-named user folders. I’ll let this play out for a while and make any other adjustments as necessary. Hopefully I can now settle into my new laptop without cringing every time it opens a File Explorer window

Stay Tuned,

Frank

Untangling gl_Left/Rightspeednum global/local variables

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Posted 30 May 2024

While looking through the code for another reason, I discovered that I have committed the mortal sins of using the same name for a global variable, a local variable and a function definition parameter. Originally I defined global variables gl_Leftspeednum & gl_Rightspeednum thusly:

uint16_t gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;
uint16_t gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;

1 2	uint16_t gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; uint16_t gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;

But then some years later in my code I see:

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg
gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive
leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg
gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
MoveReverse(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

  SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Leftspeednum);
  SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Rightspeednum);

void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
  RunBothMotors(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //reversed 01/11/22 - 01/14/22 - reversed it back again
        gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

        //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
        gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
        gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
        gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
        gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg

gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg

gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

MoveReverse(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Leftspeednum);

SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Rightspeednum);

void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

RunBothMotors(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

//reversed 01/11/22 - 01/14/22 - reversed it back again

gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;

gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

//gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

//limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)

gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;

gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;

gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;

gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;

They’re everywhere! yikes!

So, what to do? The original (bad) idea was to have these variables ‘global’ so any part of the code could ‘see’ the current motor speeds. This was BAD because that also meant that any part of the code could change the motor speed (even if it shouldn’t) , and figuring out who did that would be a nightmare. This is where I should have started thinking about building a ‘motor’ class to hide all this – but I didn’t, so….

Also, using a global symbol name in a function definition is at least moronic if not suicidally stupid – does that overwrite the original declaration? To add insult to injury, the function definitions above use ‘int’ as the type rather than ‘uint_16’, so does that mean that motor speed can be negative, but just inside that function – ouch, my head hurts!

Alright – since I didn’t do the right thing and encapsulate this stuff in a motor class, and I don’t want to have to rewrite the entire 7K+ line program (at least not yet), I need to figure out a short-term non-idiotic fix (or maybe just close my eyes and have another beer?)

OK, so the functions involved in this debacle are:

void SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed)
void SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed)
void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed)
void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF)
void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

SetLeft/RightMotorDirAndSpeed(bool bIsFwd, int speed):

This declaration should probably be (bool, uint16_t) as negative speed values aren’t allowed. I changed the speed declaration from ‘int’ to ‘uint16_t’ and the program still compiles OK. The ‘speed’ argument gets passed to ‘AnalogWrite’ which is declared as AnalogWrite(int pin, int value).

RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

RunBothMotors() is called just once in the code, by RunBothMotorsMsec(). RunBothMotorsMsec() in turn is called just four times – three times by HandleExcessSteervalCase() and once by RunToDaylight(). In all four cases the speed arguments are positive constant integers <= 1000 (Teensy analog output resolution is set at 12 bits –>4096). It looks like RunBothMotors() and RunBothMotorsMsec() should declare their speed arguments to be uint16_t

RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed)

RunBothMotorsBidirectional(int leftspeed, int rightspeed) just calls SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed() however, the speed arguments can be positive or negative, so the ‘int’ declaration is required in this case. The sign of the speed input argument is converted to the appropriate direction flag value and a negative input speed is converted to a positive value for the SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed() call.

RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

All this function does is call RunBothMotors(), then delay for the requested amount of time, then stop the motors. Note that RunBothMotors() does not check the speed arguments for range or sign.

MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

MoveReverse() is used extensively in ‘CheckForUserInput()’, but only twice elsewhere ( both times in IRHomeToChgStn()).

MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum):

Similar to MoveReverse(), but used more outside ‘CheckForUserInput()’. Once in ExecuteRearObstacleRecovery(), once in TrackLeftWallOffset(), once in TrackRightWallOffset(), once in IRHomeToChgStnNoPings(), once in IRHomeToChgStnNoPingsPID(), twice in IRHomeToChgStn().

int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum:

These symbols are everywhere in the code, in a global variable declaration, in the signature of many of the motor functions, and in the code itself as local variables in the functions that have those symbols in the signature.

As an experiment I commented the global uint16_t definitions out and re-compiled. I got a bunch of ‘was not declared in this scope’ errors, but they were all like the following snippit:

        //04/05/22 have to use local var here, as result could be negative
        int16_t leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;
        int16_t rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

        //04/05/22 Left/rightSpdnum can be negative here - watch out!
        rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg
        gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive
        leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg
        gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

        MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

//04/05/22 have to use local var here, as result could be negative

int16_t leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;

int16_t rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

//04/05/22 Left/rightSpdnum can be negative here - watch out!

rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg

gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg

gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

in the above code a local int16_t variable is declared because the result could be negative. Then the local variables are constrained into the range (0-255) and then loaded into the gl_Left/Rightspeednum global vars, and also passed to MoveAhead(). This only occurs in the two TrackLeft/RightWallOffset() functions.

gl_Left/Rightspeednum global vars are also used in the ‘OutputTelemetryLine()’ function

So it looks like the usage in the above snippet is actually OK. The global vars wind up being loaded with the latest left/right speed values just before those values are sent to the motor driver. The usage in the telemetry output functions are also OK, as they just print the current left/right speed value

gl_Left/Rightspeednum used in function declarations:

I re-educated myself on the fact that formal function declarations don’t actually need parameter names – just the type declarations, so:

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

1	void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

could just as easily be written:

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool, int = 500, int = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

1	void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool, int = 500, int = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

so maybe my use of the gl_Left/Rightspeednum names for these parameters wasn’t quite so scary bad as I thought. Still, defining the same symbol name in two different contexts as two different types (uint16_t and int) is demonstrably a bad idea, even if one of the symbol usages is ignored by the compiler (after all, this usage is what resulted in my current freakout). I changed these to ‘uint16_t leftspeednum’ and ‘uint16_t rightspeednum, in both the formal declaration at the top of the program (reqd for default parameter declaration) and the ‘inline’ declaration.

I wound up changing the following lines:

//void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);
void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, uint16_t leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, uint16_t rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

//void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

  //RunBothMotors(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
  RunBothMotors(bisFwd, leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum
//void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void MoveReverse(uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum
  //SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, gl_Leftspeednum);
  //SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, gl_Rightspeednum);
  SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, leftspeednum);
  SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum
//void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void MoveAhead(uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum to leftspeednum, rightspeednum
  //SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Leftspeednum);
  //SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Rightspeednum);
  SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, leftspeednum);
  SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum
//void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)
void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum to leftspeednum, rightspeednum
  //SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum);
  //SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, gl_Rightspeednum);
  SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, leftspeednum);
  SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, rightspeednum);

//void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, int gl_Leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, int gl_Rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec = 500, uint16_t leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, uint16_t rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF);

//void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

void RunBothMotorsMsec(bool bisFwd, int timeMsec, uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//RunBothMotors(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

RunBothMotors(bisFwd, leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum

//void MoveReverse(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

void MoveReverse(uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum

//SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, gl_Leftspeednum);

//SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, gl_Rightspeednum);

SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, leftspeednum);

SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(REV_DIR, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum

//void MoveAhead(int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

void MoveAhead(uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum to leftspeednum, rightspeednum

//SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Leftspeednum);

//SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, gl_Rightspeednum);

SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(true, leftspeednum);

SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(true, rightspeednum);

//01/06/24 chg int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum to uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum

//void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, int gl_Leftspeednum, int gl_Rightspeednum)

void RunBothMotors(bool bisFwd, uint16_t leftspeednum, uint16_t rightspeednum)

//01/06/24 chg gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum to leftspeednum, rightspeednum

//SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, gl_Leftspeednum);

//SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, gl_Rightspeednum);

SetLeftMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, leftspeednum);

SetRightMotorDirAndSpeed(bisFwd, rightspeednum);

In addition, there are a number of places where the output from the PIDCalcs() function is added to or subtracted from the current speed to produce the next speed value, but the initial adjustment is to a ‘uint16_t’ variable. This is problematic because the initial adjustment can result in a negative value being loaded into a uint16_t variable, with unexpected (if still well-defined) behavior. The fix for this is to change the type of the ‘local’ variable to ‘int’ vs ‘uint16_t’ to accommodate the potential for negative values, and only load the result into the global ‘uint16_t’ variable when it is certain the result is positive. This resulted in the following changes:

TrackLeftWallOffset: 
       //01/06/24 chg type from uint16_t to int to prevent unexpected behavior if result is negative
        int leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;
        int rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

        //04/05/22 Left/rightSpdnum can be negative here - watch out!
        rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg
        gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive
        leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg
        gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

TrackRightWallOffset:
        //06/01/24 chg type to 'int' vs 'uint16_t' to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //int16_t leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;
        //int16_t rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;
        int leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;
        int rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;

IRHomeToChgStnNoPings():
        //06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;
        int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

        //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
        //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
        //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;
        gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;
        gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;
        gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;
        gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

        //DEBUG!!
        gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",
          millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,
          gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
        UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

        MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

IRHomeToChgStnNoPingsPID():
        //06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;
          int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
          int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

          //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

          //DEBUG!!
          gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",
            millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,
            gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
          UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

          MoveReverse(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

IRHomeToChgStn():
        //06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;
          int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
          int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

          //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

          //DEBUG!!
          gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",
            millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,
            gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
          UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

          MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;
          int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
          int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

          //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

          //DEBUG!!
          gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",
            millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,
            gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
          UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

          MoveReverse(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

        //06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values
        //gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
        //gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;
          int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;
          int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

          //gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;
          //gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;
          gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;
          gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

          //DEBUG!!
          gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",
            millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,
            gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

          //UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);
          UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

          MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

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TrackLeftWallOffset:

//01/06/24 chg type from uint16_t to int to prevent unexpected behavior if result is negative

int leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;

int rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

//04/05/22 Left/rightSpdnum can be negative here - watch out!

rightSpdnum = (rightSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? rightSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF; //result can still be neg

gl_Rightspeednum = (rightSpdnum > 0) ? rightSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

leftSpdnum = (leftSpdnum <= MOTOR_SPEED_HALF) ? leftSpdnum : MOTOR_SPEED_HALF;//result can still be neg

gl_Leftspeednum = (leftSpdnum > 0) ? leftSpdnum : 0; //result here must be positive

TrackRightWallOffset:

//06/01/24 chg type to 'int' vs 'uint16_t' to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values

//int16_t leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

//int16_t rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;

int leftSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR - WallTrackOutput;

int rightSpdnum = MOTOR_SPEED_QTR + WallTrackOutput;

IRHomeToChgStnNoPings():

//06/01/24 chg to local 'int' var to prevent unexpected behavior with negative values

//gl_Leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;

//gl_Rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

int leftspeednum = initleftspeed + IRHomingOutput;

int rightspeednum = initrightspeed - IRHomingOutput;

//gl_pSerPort->printf("gl_Left/Rightspeednum = %d / %d\n", gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

//limit wheel speeds to valid range (0-255)

//gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Leftspeednum;

//gl_Leftspeednum = (gl_Leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Leftspeednum;

//gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : gl_Rightspeednum;

//gl_Rightspeednum = (gl_Rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : gl_Rightspeednum;

gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : leftspeednum;

gl_Leftspeednum = (leftspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : leftspeednum;

gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum > MOTOR_SPEED_FULL) ? MOTOR_SPEED_FULL : rightspeednum;

gl_Rightspeednum = (rightspeednum < MOTOR_SPEED_OFF) ? MOTOR_SPEED_OFF : rightspeednum;

//DEBUG!!

gl_pSerPort->printf("%lu\t%2.2f\t%lu\t%lu\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t\t%d\t%d\n",

millis(), GetBattVoltage(), IRFinalValue1, IRFinalValue2, IRHomingl_RSteeringVal, IRHomingOutput,

gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

//UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

UpdateRearLEDPanelForHoming(IRHomingl_RSteeringVal);

MoveAhead(gl_Leftspeednum, gl_Rightspeednum);

IRHomeToChgStnNoPingsPID():