Temperature Display for 3D Printer Enclosure

Posted 29 July 2021,

In my ongoing quest to convert my MakerGear M3-ID printer from a nice bench decorative piece into a real functioning printer.

Recently I have been having real problems with using dissolvable filaments with my MakerGear M3-ID dual-extruder 3D printer. I couldn’t get either the PVA (water soluble) or HIPS (Limonene soluble) filaments to stick worth a damn to the BuildTak surface. In the process of troubleshooting the problems, I discovered that the M3-ID has real trouble getting the print bed temperature above 100C – at least in my nicely air-conditioned lab spaces. So, I went on the hunt for a decent enclosure, and found this 3D Upfitters model.

3D Upfitters Enclosure for the MakerGear M3 series (M3 shown, but the same enclosure works for the M3-ID)

The dimensions shown for the enclosure look like they would work for my setup, so I ordered one – we’ll see. In the meantime I started thinking that I might like to control (or at least monitor) the internal temperature, especially the ambient temperature at the location of the Octoprint module and control electronics. My worry is that at high bed temperatures, the ambient temps might get worryingly close to the max temps for the control electronics. 3D Upfitters does offer a temperature readout, but I was pretty sure it wouldn’t accurately represent the ambient temps around the electronics, so I decided I would modify an earlier project to create a custom temperature probe, using the venerable Nokia 5110 LCD display, a DHT11 temperature/humidity sensor, and a Teensy 3.2.

I decided to use the Teensy 3.2 micro-controller rather than an Arduino UNO to avoid the issue with 5/3.3V level conversion and because I’ve used this item several times before in other projects. I’m sure there are cheaper alternatives, but this is what I had available, and they are rock-solid products. Here’s the schematic:

And here are some photos:

And here is the code that interfaces to the sensor and drives the display:

/*
This is the core graphics library for all our displays, providing a common
set of graphics primitives (points, lines, circles, etc.).  It needs to be
paired with a hardware-specific library for each display device we carry
(to handle the lower-level functions).

Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, please
support Adafruit & open-source hardware by purchasing products from Adafruit!

Copyright (c) 2013 Adafruit Industries.  All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "glcdfont.c"
#ifdef __AVR__
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
#include <pgmspace.h>
#endif

// Many (but maybe not all) non-AVR board installs define macros
// for compatibility with existing PROGMEM-reading AVR code.
// Do our own checks and defines here for good measure...

#ifndef pgm_read_byte
#define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr))
#endif
#ifndef pgm_read_word
#define pgm_read_word(addr) (*(const unsigned short *)(addr))
#endif
#ifndef pgm_read_dword
#define pgm_read_dword(addr) (*(const unsigned long *)(addr))
#endif

// Pointers are a peculiar case...typically 16-bit on AVR boards,
// 32 bits elsewhere.  Try to accommodate both...

#if !defined(__INT_MAX__) || (__INT_MAX__ > 0xFFFF)
#define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_dword(addr))
#else
#define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_word(addr))
#endif

inline GFXglyph *pgm_read_glyph_ptr(const GFXfont *gfxFont, uint8_t c) {
#ifdef __AVR__
  return &(((GFXglyph *)pgm_read_pointer(&gfxFont->glyph))[c]);
#else
  // expression in __AVR__ section may generate "dereferencing type-punned
  // pointer will break strict-aliasing rules" warning In fact, on other
  // platforms (such as STM32) there is no need to do this pointer magic as
  // program memory may be read in a usual way So expression may be simplified
  return gfxFont->glyph + c;
#endif //__AVR__
}

inline uint8_t *pgm_read_bitmap_ptr(const GFXfont *gfxFont) {
#ifdef __AVR__
  return (uint8_t *)pgm_read_pointer(&gfxFont->bitmap);
#else
  // expression in __AVR__ section generates "dereferencing type-punned pointer
  // will break strict-aliasing rules" warning In fact, on other platforms (such
  // as STM32) there is no need to do this pointer magic as program memory may
  // be read in a usual way So expression may be simplified
  return gfxFont->bitmap;
#endif //__AVR__
}

#ifndef min
#define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

#ifndef _swap_int16_t
#define _swap_int16_t(a, b)                                                    \
  {                                                                            \
    int16_t t = a;                                                             \
    a = b;                                                                     \
    b = t;                                                                     \
  }
#endif

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Instatiate a GFX context for graphics! Can only be done by a
   superclass
   @param    w   Display width, in pixels
   @param    h   Display height, in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
Adafruit_GFX::Adafruit_GFX(int16_t w, int16_t h) : WIDTH(w), HEIGHT(h) {
  _width = WIDTH;
  _height = HEIGHT;
  rotation = 0;
  cursor_y = cursor_x = 0;
  textsize_x = textsize_y = 1;
  textcolor = textbgcolor = 0xFFFF;
  wrap = true;
  _cp437 = false;
  gfxFont = NULL;
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Write a line.  Bresenham's algorithm - thx wikpedia
    @param    x0  Start point x coordinate
    @param    y0  Start point y coordinate
    @param    x1  End point x coordinate
    @param    y1  End point y coordinate
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::writeLine(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                             uint16_t color) {
#if defined(ESP8266)
  yield();
#endif
  int16_t steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0);
  if (steep) {
    _swap_int16_t(x0, y0);
    _swap_int16_t(x1, y1);
  }

  if (x0 > x1) {
    _swap_int16_t(x0, x1);
    _swap_int16_t(y0, y1);
  }

  int16_t dx, dy;
  dx = x1 - x0;
  dy = abs(y1 - y0);

  int16_t err = dx / 2;
  int16_t ystep;

  if (y0 < y1) {
    ystep = 1;
  } else {
    ystep = -1;
  }

  for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) {
    if (steep) {
      writePixel(y0, x0, color);
    } else {
      writePixel(x0, y0, color);
    }
    err -= dy;
    if (err < 0) {
      y0 += ystep;
      err += dx;
    }
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Start a display-writing routine, overwrite in subclasses.
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::startWrite() {}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Write a pixel, overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!
    @param   x   x coordinate
    @param   y   y coordinate
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::writePixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
  drawPixel(x, y, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Write a perfectly vertical line, overwrite in subclasses if
   startWrite is defined!
    @param    x   Top-most x coordinate
    @param    y   Top-most y coordinate
    @param    h   Height in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::writeFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h,
                                  uint16_t color) {
  // Overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!
  // Can be just writeLine(x, y, x, y+h-1, color);
  // or writeFillRect(x, y, 1, h, color);
  drawFastVLine(x, y, h, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Write a perfectly horizontal line, overwrite in subclasses if
   startWrite is defined!
    @param    x   Left-most x coordinate
    @param    y   Left-most y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::writeFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
                                  uint16_t color) {
  // Overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!
  // Example: writeLine(x, y, x+w-1, y, color);
  // or writeFillRect(x, y, w, 1, color);
  drawFastHLine(x, y, w, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Write a rectangle completely with one color, overwrite in
   subclasses if startWrite is defined!
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
    @param    h   Height in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::writeFillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                                 uint16_t color) {
  // Overwrite in subclasses if desired!
  fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    End a display-writing routine, overwrite in subclasses if
   startWrite is defined!
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::endWrite() {}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw a perfectly vertical line (this is often optimized in a
   subclass!)
    @param    x   Top-most x coordinate
    @param    y   Top-most y coordinate
    @param    h   Height in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h,
                                 uint16_t color) {
  startWrite();
  writeLine(x, y, x, y + h - 1, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw a perfectly horizontal line (this is often optimized in a
   subclass!)
    @param    x   Left-most x coordinate
    @param    y   Left-most y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
                                 uint16_t color) {
  startWrite();
  writeLine(x, y, x + w - 1, y, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Fill a rectangle completely with one color. Update in subclasses if
   desired!
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
    @param    h   Height in pixels
   @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                            uint16_t color) {
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t i = x; i < x + w; i++) {
    writeFastVLine(i, y, h, color);
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Fill the screen completely with one color. Update in subclasses if
   desired!
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {
  fillRect(0, 0, _width, _height, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw a line
    @param    x0  Start point x coordinate
    @param    y0  Start point y coordinate
    @param    x1  End point x coordinate
    @param    y1  End point y coordinate
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawLine(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                            uint16_t color) {
  // Update in subclasses if desired!
  if (x0 == x1) {
    if (y0 > y1)
      _swap_int16_t(y0, y1);
    drawFastVLine(x0, y0, y1 - y0 + 1, color);
  } else if (y0 == y1) {
    if (x0 > x1)
      _swap_int16_t(x0, x1);
    drawFastHLine(x0, y0, x1 - x0 + 1, color);
  } else {
    startWrite();
    writeLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
    endWrite();
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw a circle outline
    @param    x0   Center-point x coordinate
    @param    y0   Center-point y coordinate
    @param    r   Radius of circle
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
                              uint16_t color) {
#if defined(ESP8266)
  yield();
#endif
  int16_t f = 1 - r;
  int16_t ddF_x = 1;
  int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
  int16_t x = 0;
  int16_t y = r;

  startWrite();
  writePixel(x0, y0 + r, color);
  writePixel(x0, y0 - r, color);
  writePixel(x0 + r, y0, color);
  writePixel(x0 - r, y0, color);

  while (x < y) {
    if (f >= 0) {
      y--;
      ddF_y += 2;
      f += ddF_y;
    }
    x++;
    ddF_x += 2;
    f += ddF_x;

    writePixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);
    writePixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);
    writePixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);
    writePixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);
    writePixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);
    writePixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);
    writePixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);
    writePixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Quarter-circle drawer, used to do circles and roundrects
    @param    x0   Center-point x coordinate
    @param    y0   Center-point y coordinate
    @param    r   Radius of circle
    @param    cornername  Mask bit #1 or bit #2 to indicate which quarters of
   the circle we're doing
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircleHelper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
                                    uint8_t cornername, uint16_t color) {
  int16_t f = 1 - r;
  int16_t ddF_x = 1;
  int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
  int16_t x = 0;
  int16_t y = r;

  while (x < y) {
    if (f >= 0) {
      y--;
      ddF_y += 2;
      f += ddF_y;
    }
    x++;
    ddF_x += 2;
    f += ddF_x;
    if (cornername & 0x4) {
      writePixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);
      writePixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);
    }
    if (cornername & 0x2) {
      writePixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);
      writePixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);
    }
    if (cornername & 0x8) {
      writePixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);
      writePixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);
    }
    if (cornername & 0x1) {
      writePixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);
      writePixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);
    }
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw a circle with filled color
    @param    x0   Center-point x coordinate
    @param    y0   Center-point y coordinate
    @param    r   Radius of circle
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
                              uint16_t color) {
  startWrite();
  writeFastVLine(x0, y0 - r, 2 * r + 1, color);
  fillCircleHelper(x0, y0, r, 3, 0, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Quarter-circle drawer with fill, used for circles and roundrects
    @param  x0       Center-point x coordinate
    @param  y0       Center-point y coordinate
    @param  r        Radius of circle
    @param  corners  Mask bits indicating which quarters we're doing
    @param  delta    Offset from center-point, used for round-rects
    @param  color    16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircleHelper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
                                    uint8_t corners, int16_t delta,
                                    uint16_t color) {

  int16_t f = 1 - r;
  int16_t ddF_x = 1;
  int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
  int16_t x = 0;
  int16_t y = r;
  int16_t px = x;
  int16_t py = y;

  delta++; // Avoid some +1's in the loop

  while (x < y) {
    if (f >= 0) {
      y--;
      ddF_y += 2;
      f += ddF_y;
    }
    x++;
    ddF_x += 2;
    f += ddF_x;
    // These checks avoid double-drawing certain lines, important
    // for the SSD1306 library which has an INVERT drawing mode.
    if (x < (y + 1)) {
      if (corners & 1)
        writeFastVLine(x0 + x, y0 - y, 2 * y + delta, color);
      if (corners & 2)
        writeFastVLine(x0 - x, y0 - y, 2 * y + delta, color);
    }
    if (y != py) {
      if (corners & 1)
        writeFastVLine(x0 + py, y0 - px, 2 * px + delta, color);
      if (corners & 2)
        writeFastVLine(x0 - py, y0 - px, 2 * px + delta, color);
      py = y;
    }
    px = x;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a rectangle with no fill color
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
    @param    h   Height in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                            uint16_t color) {
  startWrite();
  writeFastHLine(x, y, w, color);
  writeFastHLine(x, y + h - 1, w, color);
  writeFastVLine(x, y, h, color);
  writeFastVLine(x + w - 1, y, h, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a rounded rectangle with no fill color
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
    @param    h   Height in pixels
    @param    r   Radius of corner rounding
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                                 int16_t r, uint16_t color) {
  int16_t max_radius = ((w < h) ? w : h) / 2; // 1/2 minor axis
  if (r > max_radius)
    r = max_radius;
  // smarter version
  startWrite();
  writeFastHLine(x + r, y, w - 2 * r, color);         // Top
  writeFastHLine(x + r, y + h - 1, w - 2 * r, color); // Bottom
  writeFastVLine(x, y + r, h - 2 * r, color);         // Left
  writeFastVLine(x + w - 1, y + r, h - 2 * r, color); // Right
  // draw four corners
  drawCircleHelper(x + r, y + r, r, 1, color);
  drawCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + r, r, 2, color);
  drawCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + h - r - 1, r, 4, color);
  drawCircleHelper(x + r, y + h - r - 1, r, 8, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a rounded rectangle with fill color
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    w   Width in pixels
    @param    h   Height in pixels
    @param    r   Radius of corner rounding
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw/fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
                                 int16_t r, uint16_t color) {
  int16_t max_radius = ((w < h) ? w : h) / 2; // 1/2 minor axis
  if (r > max_radius)
    r = max_radius;
  // smarter version
  startWrite();
  writeFillRect(x + r, y, w - 2 * r, h, color);
  // draw four corners
  fillCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + r, r, 1, h - 2 * r - 1, color);
  fillCircleHelper(x + r, y + r, r, 2, h - 2 * r - 1, color);
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a triangle with no fill color
    @param    x0  Vertex #0 x coordinate
    @param    y0  Vertex #0 y coordinate
    @param    x1  Vertex #1 x coordinate
    @param    y1  Vertex #1 y coordinate
    @param    x2  Vertex #2 x coordinate
    @param    y2  Vertex #2 y coordinate
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawTriangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                                int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {
  drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
  drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  drawLine(x2, y2, x0, y0, color);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief     Draw a triangle with color-fill
    @param    x0  Vertex #0 x coordinate
    @param    y0  Vertex #0 y coordinate
    @param    x1  Vertex #1 x coordinate
    @param    y1  Vertex #1 y coordinate
    @param    x2  Vertex #2 x coordinate
    @param    y2  Vertex #2 y coordinate
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill/draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::fillTriangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
                                int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {

  int16_t a, b, y, last;

  // Sort coordinates by Y order (y2 >= y1 >= y0)
  if (y0 > y1) {
    _swap_int16_t(y0, y1);
    _swap_int16_t(x0, x1);
  }
  if (y1 > y2) {
    _swap_int16_t(y2, y1);
    _swap_int16_t(x2, x1);
  }
  if (y0 > y1) {
    _swap_int16_t(y0, y1);
    _swap_int16_t(x0, x1);
  }

  startWrite();
  if (y0 == y2) { // Handle awkward all-on-same-line case as its own thing
    a = b = x0;
    if (x1 < a)
      a = x1;
    else if (x1 > b)
      b = x1;
    if (x2 < a)
      a = x2;
    else if (x2 > b)
      b = x2;
    writeFastHLine(a, y0, b - a + 1, color);
    endWrite();
    return;
  }

  int16_t dx01 = x1 - x0, dy01 = y1 - y0, dx02 = x2 - x0, dy02 = y2 - y0,
          dx12 = x2 - x1, dy12 = y2 - y1;
  int32_t sa = 0, sb = 0;

  // For upper part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments
  // 0-1 and 0-2.  If y1=y2 (flat-bottomed triangle), the scanline y1
  // is included here (and second loop will be skipped, avoiding a /0
  // error there), otherwise scanline y1 is skipped here and handled
  // in the second loop...which also avoids a /0 error here if y0=y1
  // (flat-topped triangle).
  if (y1 == y2)
    last = y1; // Include y1 scanline
  else
    last = y1 - 1; // Skip it

  for (y = y0; y <= last; y++) {
    a = x0 + sa / dy01;
    b = x0 + sb / dy02;
    sa += dx01;
    sb += dx02;
    /* longhand:
    a = x0 + (x1 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y1 - y0);
    b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);
    */
    if (a > b)
      _swap_int16_t(a, b);
    writeFastHLine(a, y, b - a + 1, color);
  }

  // For lower part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments
  // 0-2 and 1-2.  This loop is skipped if y1=y2.
  sa = (int32_t)dx12 * (y - y1);
  sb = (int32_t)dx02 * (y - y0);
  for (; y <= y2; y++) {
    a = x1 + sa / dy12;
    b = x0 + sb / dy02;
    sa += dx12;
    sb += dx02;
    /* longhand:
    a = x1 + (x2 - x1) * (y - y1) / (y2 - y1);
    b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);
    */
    if (a > b)
      _swap_int16_t(a, b);
    writeFastHLine(a, y, b - a + 1, color);
  }
  endWrite();
}

// BITMAP / XBITMAP / GRAYSCALE / RGB BITMAP FUNCTIONS ---------------------

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief      Draw a PROGMEM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y)
   position, using the specified foreground color (unset bits are transparent).
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with monochrome bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],
                              int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

  int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;

  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);
      if (byte & 0x80)
        writePixel(x + i, y, color);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief      Draw a PROGMEM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y)
   position, using the specified foreground (for set bits) and background (unset
   bits) colors.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with monochrome bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with
    @param    bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw background with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],
                              int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color,
                              uint16_t bg) {

  int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;

  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);
      writePixel(x + i, y, (byte & 0x80) ? color : bg);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief      Draw a RAM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y) position,
   using the specified foreground color (unset bits are transparent).
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with monochrome bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w,
                              int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

  int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;

  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8];
      if (byte & 0x80)
        writePixel(x + i, y, color);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief      Draw a RAM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y) position,
   using the specified foreground (for set bits) and background (unset bits)
   colors.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with monochrome bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with
    @param    bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw background with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w,
                              int16_t h, uint16_t color, uint16_t bg) {

  int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;

  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8];
      writePixel(x + i, y, (byte & 0x80) ? color : bg);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief      Draw PROGMEM-resident XBitMap Files (*.xbm), exported from GIMP.
   Usage: Export from GIMP to *.xbm, rename *.xbm to *.c and open in editor.
   C Array can be directly used with this function.
   There is no RAM-resident version of this function; if generating bitmaps
   in RAM, use the format defined by drawBitmap() and call that instead.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with monochrome bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawXBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],
                               int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

  int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;

  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte >>= 1;
      else
        byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);
      // Nearly identical to drawBitmap(), only the bit order
      // is reversed here (left-to-right = LSB to MSB):
      if (byte & 0x01)
        writePixel(x + i, y, color);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a PROGMEM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) at the specified
   (x,y) pos. Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no
   color reduction/expansion is performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with grayscale bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                       const uint8_t bitmap[], int16_t w,
                                       int16_t h) {
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      writePixel(x + i, y, (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * w + i]));
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a RAM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) at the specified (x,y)
   pos. Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color
   reduction/expansion is performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with grayscale bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap,
                                       int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a PROGMEM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) with a 1-bit mask
   (set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position.
   BOTH buffers (grayscale and mask) must be PROGMEM-resident.
   Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color
   reduction/expansion is performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with grayscale bitmap
    @param    mask  byte array with mask bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                       const uint8_t bitmap[],
                                       const uint8_t mask[], int16_t w,
                                       int16_t h) {
  int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = pgm_read_byte(&mask[j * bw + i / 8]);
      if (byte & 0x80) {
        writePixel(x + i, y, (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * w + i]));
      }
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a RAM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) with a 1-bit mask
   (set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position.
   BOTH buffers (grayscale and mask) must be RAM-residentt, no mix-and-match
   Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color
   reduction/expansion is performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with grayscale bitmap
    @param    mask  byte array with mask bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap,
                                       uint8_t *mask, int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = mask[j * bw + i / 8];
      if (byte & 0x80) {
        writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);
      }
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a PROGMEM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) at the specified
   (x,y) position. For 16-bit display devices; no color reduction performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with 16-bit color bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint16_t bitmap[],
                                 int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      writePixel(x + i, y, pgm_read_word(&bitmap[j * w + i]));
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a RAM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) at the specified (x,y)
   position. For 16-bit display devices; no color reduction performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with 16-bit color bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *bitmap,
                                 int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a PROGMEM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) with a 1-bit mask
   (set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position. BOTH
   buffers (color and mask) must be PROGMEM-resident. For 16-bit display
   devices; no color reduction performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with 16-bit color bitmap
    @param    mask  byte array with monochrome mask bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint16_t bitmap[],
                                 const uint8_t mask[], int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = pgm_read_byte(&mask[j * bw + i / 8]);
      if (byte & 0x80) {
        writePixel(x + i, y, pgm_read_word(&bitmap[j * w + i]));
      }
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a RAM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) with a 1-bit mask (set
   bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position. BOTH
   buffers (color and mask) must be RAM-resident. For 16-bit display devices; no
   color reduction performed.
    @param    x   Top left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Top left corner y coordinate
    @param    bitmap  byte array with 16-bit color bitmap
    @param    mask  byte array with monochrome mask bitmap
    @param    w   Width of bitmap in pixels
    @param    h   Height of bitmap in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *bitmap,
                                 uint8_t *mask, int16_t w, int16_t h) {
  int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte
  uint8_t byte = 0;
  startWrite();
  for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      if (i & 7)
        byte <<= 1;
      else
        byte = mask[j * bw + i / 8];
      if (byte & 0x80) {
        writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);
      }
    }
  }
  endWrite();
}

// TEXT- AND CHARACTER-HANDLING FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------

// Draw a character
/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a single character
    @param    x   Bottom left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Bottom left corner y coordinate
    @param    c   The 8-bit font-indexed character (likely ascii)
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw chraracter with
    @param    bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill background with (if same as color,
   no background)
    @param    size  Font magnification level, 1 is 'original' size
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawChar(int16_t x, int16_t y, unsigned char c,
                            uint16_t color, uint16_t bg, uint8_t size) {
  drawChar(x, y, c, color, bg, size, size);
}

// Draw a character
/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief   Draw a single character
    @param    x   Bottom left corner x coordinate
    @param    y   Bottom left corner y coordinate
    @param    c   The 8-bit font-indexed character (likely ascii)
    @param    color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw chraracter with
    @param    bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill background with (if same as color,
   no background)
    @param    size_x  Font magnification level in X-axis, 1 is 'original' size
    @param    size_y  Font magnification level in Y-axis, 1 is 'original' size
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::drawChar(int16_t x, int16_t y, unsigned char c,
                            uint16_t color, uint16_t bg, uint8_t size_x,
                            uint8_t size_y) {

  if (!gfxFont) { // 'Classic' built-in font

    if ((x >= _width) ||              // Clip right
        (y >= _height) ||             // Clip bottom
        ((x + 6 * size_x - 1) < 0) || // Clip left
        ((y + 8 * size_y - 1) < 0))   // Clip top
      return;

    if (!_cp437 && (c >= 176))
      c++; // Handle 'classic' charset behavior

    startWrite();
    for (int8_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // Char bitmap = 5 columns
      uint8_t line = pgm_read_byte(&font[c * 5 + i]);
      for (int8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++, line >>= 1) {
        if (line & 1) {
          if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)
            writePixel(x + i, y + j, color);
          else
            writeFillRect(x + i * size_x, y + j * size_y, size_x, size_y,
                          color);
        } else if (bg != color) {
          if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)
            writePixel(x + i, y + j, bg);
          else
            writeFillRect(x + i * size_x, y + j * size_y, size_x, size_y, bg);
        }
      }
    }
    if (bg != color) { // If opaque, draw vertical line for last column
      if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)
        writeFastVLine(x + 5, y, 8, bg);
      else
        writeFillRect(x + 5 * size_x, y, size_x, 8 * size_y, bg);
    }
    endWrite();

  } else { // Custom font

    // Character is assumed previously filtered by write() to eliminate
    // newlines, returns, non-printable characters, etc.  Calling
    // drawChar() directly with 'bad' characters of font may cause mayhem!

    c -= (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first);
    GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c);
    uint8_t *bitmap = pgm_read_bitmap_ptr(gfxFont);

    uint16_t bo = pgm_read_word(&glyph->bitmapOffset);
    uint8_t w = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width), h = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height);
    int8_t xo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset),
           yo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->yOffset);
    uint8_t xx, yy, bits = 0, bit = 0;
    int16_t xo16 = 0, yo16 = 0;

    if (size_x > 1 || size_y > 1) {
      xo16 = xo;
      yo16 = yo;
    }

    // Todo: Add character clipping here

    // NOTE: THERE IS NO 'BACKGROUND' COLOR OPTION ON CUSTOM FONTS.
    // THIS IS ON PURPOSE AND BY DESIGN.  The background color feature
    // has typically been used with the 'classic' font to overwrite old
    // screen contents with new data.  This ONLY works because the
    // characters are a uniform size; it's not a sensible thing to do with
    // proportionally-spaced fonts with glyphs of varying sizes (and that
    // may overlap).  To replace previously-drawn text when using a custom
    // font, use the getTextBounds() function to determine the smallest
    // rectangle encompassing a string, erase the area with fillRect(),
    // then draw new text.  This WILL infortunately 'blink' the text, but
    // is unavoidable.  Drawing 'background' pixels will NOT fix this,
    // only creates a new set of problems.  Have an idea to work around
    // this (a canvas object type for MCUs that can afford the RAM and
    // displays supporting setAddrWindow() and pushColors()), but haven't
    // implemented this yet.

    startWrite();
    for (yy = 0; yy < h; yy++) {
      for (xx = 0; xx < w; xx++) {
        if (!(bit++ & 7)) {
          bits = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[bo++]);
        }
        if (bits & 0x80) {
          if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1) {
            writePixel(x + xo + xx, y + yo + yy, color);
          } else {
            writeFillRect(x + (xo16 + xx) * size_x, y + (yo16 + yy) * size_y,
                          size_x, size_y, color);
          }
        }
        bits <<= 1;
      }
    }
    endWrite();

  } // End classic vs custom font
}
/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Print one byte/character of data, used to support print()
    @param  c  The 8-bit ascii character to write
*/
/**************************************************************************/
size_t Adafruit_GFX::write(uint8_t c) {
  if (!gfxFont) { // 'Classic' built-in font

    if (c == '\n') {              // Newline?
      cursor_x = 0;               // Reset x to zero,
      cursor_y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line
    } else if (c != '\r') {       // Ignore carriage returns
      if (wrap && ((cursor_x + textsize_x * 6) > _width)) { // Off right?
        cursor_x = 0;                                       // Reset x to zero,
        cursor_y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line
      }
      drawChar(cursor_x, cursor_y, c, textcolor, textbgcolor, textsize_x,
               textsize_y);
      cursor_x += textsize_x * 6; // Advance x one char
    }

  } else { // Custom font

    if (c == '\n') {
      cursor_x = 0;
      cursor_y +=
          (int16_t)textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);
    } else if (c != '\r') {
      uint8_t first = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first);
      if ((c >= first) && (c <= (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->last))) {
        GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c - first);
        uint8_t w = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width),
                h = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height);
        if ((w > 0) && (h > 0)) { // Is there an associated bitmap?
          int16_t xo = (int8_t)pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset); // sic
          if (wrap && ((cursor_x + textsize_x * (xo + w)) > _width)) {
            cursor_x = 0;
            cursor_y += (int16_t)textsize_y *
                        (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);
          }
          drawChar(cursor_x, cursor_y, c, textcolor, textbgcolor, textsize_x,
                   textsize_y);
        }
        cursor_x +=
            (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xAdvance) * (int16_t)textsize_x;
      }
    }
  }
  return 1;
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief   Set text 'magnification' size. Each increase in s makes 1 pixel
   that much bigger.
    @param  s  Desired text size. 1 is default 6x8, 2 is 12x16, 3 is 18x24, etc
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextSize(uint8_t s) { setTextSize(s, s); }

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief   Set text 'magnification' size. Each increase in s makes 1 pixel
   that much bigger.
    @param  s_x  Desired text width magnification level in X-axis. 1 is default
    @param  s_y  Desired text width magnification level in Y-axis. 1 is default
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextSize(uint8_t s_x, uint8_t s_y) {
  textsize_x = (s_x > 0) ? s_x : 1;
  textsize_y = (s_y > 0) ? s_y : 1;
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief      Set rotation setting for display
    @param  x   0 thru 3 corresponding to 4 cardinal rotations
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::setRotation(uint8_t x) {
  rotation = (x & 3);
  switch (rotation) {
  case 0:
  case 2:
    _width = WIDTH;
    _height = HEIGHT;
    break;
  case 1:
  case 3:
    _width = HEIGHT;
    _height = WIDTH;
    break;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief Set the font to display when print()ing, either custom or default
    @param  f  The GFXfont object, if NULL use built in 6x8 font
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::setFont(const GFXfont *f) {
  if (f) {          // Font struct pointer passed in?
    if (!gfxFont) { // And no current font struct?
      // Switching from classic to new font behavior.
      // Move cursor pos down 6 pixels so it's on baseline.
      cursor_y += 6;
    }
  } else if (gfxFont) { // NULL passed.  Current font struct defined?
    // Switching from new to classic font behavior.
    // Move cursor pos up 6 pixels so it's at top-left of char.
    cursor_y -= 6;
  }
  gfxFont = (GFXfont *)f;
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Helper to determine size of a character with current font/size.
       Broke this out as it's used by both the PROGMEM- and RAM-resident
   getTextBounds() functions.
    @param    c     The ascii character in question
    @param    x     Pointer to x location of character
    @param    y     Pointer to y location of character
    @param    minx  Minimum clipping value for X
    @param    miny  Minimum clipping value for Y
    @param    maxx  Maximum clipping value for X
    @param    maxy  Maximum clipping value for Y
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::charBounds(unsigned char c, int16_t *x, int16_t *y,
                              int16_t *minx, int16_t *miny, int16_t *maxx,
                              int16_t *maxy) {

  if (gfxFont) {

    if (c == '\n') { // Newline?
      *x = 0;        // Reset x to zero, advance y by one line
      *y += textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);
    } else if (c != '\r') { // Not a carriage return; is normal char
      uint8_t first = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first),
              last = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->last);
      if ((c >= first) && (c <= last)) { // Char present in this font?
        GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c - first);
        uint8_t gw = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width),
                gh = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height),
                xa = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xAdvance);
        int8_t xo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset),
               yo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->yOffset);
        if (wrap && ((*x + (((int16_t)xo + gw) * textsize_x)) > _width)) {
          *x = 0; // Reset x to zero, advance y by one line
          *y += textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);
        }
        int16_t tsx = (int16_t)textsize_x, tsy = (int16_t)textsize_y,
                x1 = *x + xo * tsx, y1 = *y + yo * tsy, x2 = x1 + gw * tsx - 1,
                y2 = y1 + gh * tsy - 1;
        if (x1 < *minx)
          *minx = x1;
        if (y1 < *miny)
          *miny = y1;
        if (x2 > *maxx)
          *maxx = x2;
        if (y2 > *maxy)
          *maxy = y2;
        *x += xa * tsx;
      }
    }

  } else { // Default font

    if (c == '\n') {        // Newline?
      *x = 0;               // Reset x to zero,
      *y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line
      // min/max x/y unchaged -- that waits for next 'normal' character
    } else if (c != '\r') { // Normal char; ignore carriage returns
      if (wrap && ((*x + textsize_x * 6) > _width)) { // Off right?
        *x = 0;                                       // Reset x to zero,
        *y += textsize_y * 8;                         // advance y one line
      }
      int x2 = *x + textsize_x * 6 - 1, // Lower-right pixel of char
          y2 = *y + textsize_y * 8 - 1;
      if (x2 > *maxx)
        *maxx = x2; // Track max x, y
      if (y2 > *maxy)
        *maxy = y2;
      if (*x < *minx)
        *minx = *x; // Track min x, y
      if (*y < *miny)
        *miny = *y;
      *x += textsize_x * 6; // Advance x one char
    }
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Helper to determine size of a string with current font/size. Pass
   string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.
    @param    str     The ascii string to measure
    @param    x       The current cursor X
    @param    y       The current cursor Y
    @param    x1      The boundary X coordinate, set by function
    @param    y1      The boundary Y coordinate, set by function
    @param    w      The boundary width, set by function
    @param    h      The boundary height, set by function
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const char *str, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                 int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1, uint16_t *w,
                                 uint16_t *h) {
  uint8_t c; // Current character

  *x1 = x;
  *y1 = y;
  *w = *h = 0;

  int16_t minx = _width, miny = _height, maxx = -1, maxy = -1;

  while ((c = *str++))
    charBounds(c, &x, &y, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy);

  if (maxx >= minx) {
    *x1 = minx;
    *w = maxx - minx + 1;
  }
  if (maxy >= miny) {
    *y1 = miny;
    *h = maxy - miny + 1;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Helper to determine size of a string with current font/size. Pass
   string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.
    @param    str    The ascii string to measure (as an arduino String() class)
    @param    x      The current cursor X
    @param    y      The current cursor Y
    @param    x1     The boundary X coordinate, set by function
    @param    y1     The boundary Y coordinate, set by function
    @param    w      The boundary width, set by function
    @param    h      The boundary height, set by function
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const String &str, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                 int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1, uint16_t *w,
                                 uint16_t *h) {
  if (str.length() != 0) {
    getTextBounds(const_cast<char *>(str.c_str()), x, y, x1, y1, w, h);
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Helper to determine size of a PROGMEM string with current
   font/size. Pass string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.
    @param    str     The flash-memory ascii string to measure
    @param    x       The current cursor X
    @param    y       The current cursor Y
    @param    x1      The boundary X coordinate, set by function
    @param    y1      The boundary Y coordinate, set by function
    @param    w      The boundary width, set by function
    @param    h      The boundary height, set by function
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const __FlashStringHelper *str, int16_t x,
                                 int16_t y, int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1,
                                 uint16_t *w, uint16_t *h) {
  uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)str, c;

  *x1 = x;
  *y1 = y;
  *w = *h = 0;

  int16_t minx = _width, miny = _height, maxx = -1, maxy = -1;

  while ((c = pgm_read_byte(s++)))
    charBounds(c, &x, &y, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy);

  if (maxx >= minx) {
    *x1 = minx;
    *w = maxx - minx + 1;
  }
  if (maxy >= miny) {
    *y1 = miny;
    *h = maxy - miny + 1;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief      Invert the display (ideally using built-in hardware command)
    @param   i  True if you want to invert, false to make 'normal'
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX::invertDisplay(boolean i) {
  // Do nothing, must be subclassed if supported by hardware
}

/***************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Create a simple drawn button UI element
*/
/**************************************************************************/
Adafruit_GFX_Button::Adafruit_GFX_Button(void) { _gfx = 0; }

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings
   @param    gfx     Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!
   @param    x       The X coordinate of the center of the button
   @param    y       The Y coordinate of the center of the button
   @param    w       Width of the buttton
   @param    h       Height of the buttton
   @param    outline  Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    fill  Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    textcolor  Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    label  Ascii string of the text inside the button
   @param    textsize The font magnification of the label text
*/
/**************************************************************************/
// Classic initButton() function: pass center & size
void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButton(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                     uint16_t w, uint16_t h, uint16_t outline,
                                     uint16_t fill, uint16_t textcolor,
                                     char *label, uint8_t textsize) {
  // Tweak arguments and pass to the newer initButtonUL() function...
  initButtonUL(gfx, x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), w, h, outline, fill, textcolor,
               label, textsize);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings
   @param    gfx     Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!
   @param    x       The X coordinate of the center of the button
   @param    y       The Y coordinate of the center of the button
   @param    w       Width of the buttton
   @param    h       Height of the buttton
   @param    outline  Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    fill  Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    textcolor  Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    label  Ascii string of the text inside the button
   @param    textsize_x The font magnification in X-axis of the label text
   @param    textsize_y The font magnification in Y-axis of the label text
*/
/**************************************************************************/
// Classic initButton() function: pass center & size
void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButton(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x, int16_t y,
                                     uint16_t w, uint16_t h, uint16_t outline,
                                     uint16_t fill, uint16_t textcolor,
                                     char *label, uint8_t textsize_x,
                                     uint8_t textsize_y) {
  // Tweak arguments and pass to the newer initButtonUL() function...
  initButtonUL(gfx, x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), w, h, outline, fill, textcolor,
               label, textsize_x, textsize_y);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings, with
   upper-left coordinates
   @param    gfx     Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!
   @param    x1       The X coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button
   @param    y1       The Y coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button
   @param    w       Width of the buttton
   @param    h       Height of the buttton
   @param    outline  Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    fill  Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    textcolor  Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    label  Ascii string of the text inside the button
   @param    textsize The font magnification of the label text
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButtonUL(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x1,
                                       int16_t y1, uint16_t w, uint16_t h,
                                       uint16_t outline, uint16_t fill,
                                       uint16_t textcolor, char *label,
                                       uint8_t textsize) {
  initButtonUL(gfx, x1, y1, w, h, outline, fill, textcolor, label, textsize,
               textsize);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings, with
   upper-left coordinates
   @param    gfx     Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!
   @param    x1       The X coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button
   @param    y1       The Y coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button
   @param    w       Width of the buttton
   @param    h       Height of the buttton
   @param    outline  Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    fill  Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    textcolor  Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)
   @param    label  Ascii string of the text inside the button
   @param    textsize_x The font magnification in X-axis of the label text
   @param    textsize_y The font magnification in Y-axis of the label text
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButtonUL(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x1,
                                       int16_t y1, uint16_t w, uint16_t h,
                                       uint16_t outline, uint16_t fill,
                                       uint16_t textcolor, char *label,
                                       uint8_t textsize_x, uint8_t textsize_y) {
  _x1 = x1;
  _y1 = y1;
  _w = w;
  _h = h;
  _outlinecolor = outline;
  _fillcolor = fill;
  _textcolor = textcolor;
  _textsize_x = textsize_x;
  _textsize_y = textsize_y;
  _gfx = gfx;
  strncpy(_label, label, 9);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Draw the button on the screen
   @param    inverted Whether to draw with fill/text swapped to indicate
   'pressed'
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void Adafruit_GFX_Button::drawButton(boolean inverted) {
  uint16_t fill, outline, text;

  if (!inverted) {
    fill = _fillcolor;
    outline = _outlinecolor;
    text = _textcolor;
  } else {
    fill = _textcolor;
    outline = _outlinecolor;
    text = _fillcolor;
  }

  uint8_t r = min(_w, _h) / 4; // Corner radius
  _gfx->fillRoundRect(_x1, _y1, _w, _h, r, fill);
  _gfx->drawRoundRect(_x1, _y1, _w, _h, r, outline);

  _gfx->setCursor(_x1 + (_w / 2) - (strlen(_label) * 3 * _textsize_x),
                  _y1 + (_h / 2) - (4 * _textsize_y));
  _gfx->setTextColor(text);
  _gfx->setTextSize(_textsize_x, _textsize_y);
  _gfx->print(_label);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief    Helper to let us know if a coordinate is within the bounds of the
   button
    @param    x       The X coordinate to check
    @param    y       The Y coordinate to check
    @returns  True if within button graphics outline
*/
/**************************************************************************/
boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::contains(int16_t x, int16_t y) {
  return ((x >= _x1) && (x < (int16_t)(_x1 + _w)) && (y >= _y1) &&
          (y < (int16_t)(_y1 + _h)));
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Query whether the button was pressed since we last checked state
   @returns  True if was not-pressed before, now is.
*/
/**************************************************************************/
boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::justPressed() { return (currstate && !laststate); }

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Query whether the button was released since we last checked state
   @returns  True if was pressed before, now is not.
*/
/**************************************************************************/
boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::justReleased() {
  return (!currstate && laststate);
}

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------

// GFXcanvas1, GFXcanvas8 and GFXcanvas16 (currently a WIP, don't get too
// comfy with the implementation) provide 1-, 8- and 16-bit offscreen
// canvases, the address of which can be passed to drawBitmap() or
// pushColors() (the latter appears only in a couple of GFX-subclassed TFT
// libraries at this time).  This is here mostly to help with the recently-
// added proportionally-spaced fonts; adds a way to refresh a section of the
// screen without a massive flickering clear-and-redraw...but maybe you'll
// find other uses too.  VERY RAM-intensive, since the buffer is in MCU
// memory and not the display driver...GXFcanvas1 might be minimally useful
// on an Uno-class board, but this and the others are much more likely to
// require at least a Mega or various recent ARM-type boards (recommended,
// as the text+bitmap draw can be pokey).  GFXcanvas1 requires 1 bit per
// pixel (rounded up to nearest byte per scanline), GFXcanvas8 is 1 byte
// per pixel (no scanline pad), and GFXcanvas16 uses 2 bytes per pixel (no
// scanline pad).
// NOT EXTENSIVELY TESTED YET.  MAY CONTAIN WORST BUGS KNOWN TO HUMANKIND.

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Instatiate a GFX 1-bit canvas context for graphics
   @param    w   Display width, in pixels
   @param    h   Display height, in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas1::GFXcanvas1(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {
  uint16_t bytes = ((w + 7) / 8) * h;
  if ((buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(bytes))) {
    memset(buffer, 0, bytes);
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Delete the canvas, free memory
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas1::~GFXcanvas1(void) {
  if (buffer)
    free(buffer);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer
    @param  x     x coordinate
    @param  y     y coordinate
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas1::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
#ifdef __AVR__
  // Bitmask tables of 0x80>>X and ~(0x80>>X), because X>>Y is slow on AVR
  static const uint8_t PROGMEM GFXsetBit[] = {0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10,
                                              0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01},
                               GFXclrBit[] = {0x7F, 0xBF, 0xDF, 0xEF,
                                              0xF7, 0xFB, 0xFD, 0xFE};
#endif

  if (buffer) {
    if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))
      return;

    int16_t t;
    switch (rotation) {
    case 1:
      t = x;
      x = WIDTH - 1 - y;
      y = t;
      break;
    case 2:
      x = WIDTH - 1 - x;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;
      break;
    case 3:
      t = x;
      x = y;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;
      break;
    }

    uint8_t *ptr = &buffer[(x / 8) + y * ((WIDTH + 7) / 8)];
#ifdef __AVR__
    if (color)
      *ptr |= pgm_read_byte(&GFXsetBit[x & 7]);
    else
      *ptr &= pgm_read_byte(&GFXclrBit[x & 7]);
#else
    if (color)
      *ptr |= 0x80 >> (x & 7);
    else
      *ptr &= ~(0x80 >> (x & 7));
#endif
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Fill the framebuffer completely with one color
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas1::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {
  if (buffer) {
    uint16_t bytes = ((WIDTH + 7) / 8) * HEIGHT;
    memset(buffer, color ? 0xFF : 0x00, bytes);
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Instatiate a GFX 8-bit canvas context for graphics
   @param    w   Display width, in pixels
   @param    h   Display height, in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas8::GFXcanvas8(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {
  uint32_t bytes = w * h;
  if ((buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(bytes))) {
    memset(buffer, 0, bytes);
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Delete the canvas, free memory
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas8::~GFXcanvas8(void) {
  if (buffer)
    free(buffer);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer
    @param  x   x coordinate
    @param  y   y coordinate
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas8::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
  if (buffer) {
    if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))
      return;

    int16_t t;
    switch (rotation) {
    case 1:
      t = x;
      x = WIDTH - 1 - y;
      y = t;
      break;
    case 2:
      x = WIDTH - 1 - x;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;
      break;
    case 3:
      t = x;
      x = y;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;
      break;
    }

    buffer[x + y * WIDTH] = color;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Fill the framebuffer completely with one color
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas8::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {
  if (buffer) {
    memset(buffer, color, WIDTH * HEIGHT);
  }
}

void GFXcanvas8::writeFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
                                uint16_t color) {

  if ((x >= _width) || (y < 0) || (y >= _height))
    return;
  int16_t x2 = x + w - 1;
  if (x2 < 0)
    return;

  // Clip left/right
  if (x < 0) {
    x = 0;
    w = x2 + 1;
  }
  if (x2 >= _width)
    w = _width - x;

  int16_t t;
  switch (rotation) {
  case 1:
    t = x;
    x = WIDTH - 1 - y;
    y = t;
    break;
  case 2:
    x = WIDTH - 1 - x;
    y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;
    break;
  case 3:
    t = x;
    x = y;
    y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;
    break;
  }

  memset(buffer + y * WIDTH + x, color, w);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Instatiate a GFX 16-bit canvas context for graphics
   @param    w   Display width, in pixels
   @param    h   Display height, in pixels
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas16::GFXcanvas16(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {
  uint32_t bytes = w * h * 2;
  if ((buffer = (uint16_t *)malloc(bytes))) {
    memset(buffer, 0, bytes);
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
   @brief    Delete the canvas, free memory
*/
/**************************************************************************/
GFXcanvas16::~GFXcanvas16(void) {
  if (buffer)
    free(buffer);
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer
    @param  x   x coordinate
    @param  y   y coordinate
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas16::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
  if (buffer) {
    if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))
      return;

    int16_t t;
    switch (rotation) {
    case 1:
      t = x;
      x = WIDTH - 1 - y;
      y = t;
      break;
    case 2:
      x = WIDTH - 1 - x;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;
      break;
    case 3:
      t = x;
      x = y;
      y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;
      break;
    }

    buffer[x + y * WIDTH] = color;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Fill the framebuffer completely with one color
    @param  color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas16::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {
  if (buffer) {
    uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color & 0xFF;
    if (hi == lo) {
      memset(buffer, lo, WIDTH * HEIGHT * 2);
    } else {
      uint32_t i, pixels = WIDTH * HEIGHT;
      for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++)
        buffer[i] = color;
    }
  }
}

/**************************************************************************/
/*!
    @brief  Reverses the "endian-ness" of each 16-bit pixel within the
            canvas; little-endian to big-endian, or big-endian to little.
            Most microcontrollers (such as SAMD) are little-endian, while
            most displays tend toward big-endianness. All the drawing
            functions (including RGB bitmap drawing) take care of this
            automatically, but some specialized code (usually involving
            DMA) can benefit from having pixel data already in the
            display-native order. Note that this does NOT convert to a
            SPECIFIC endian-ness, it just flips the bytes within each word.
*/
/**************************************************************************/
void GFXcanvas16::byteSwap(void) {
  if (buffer) {
    uint32_t i, pixels = WIDTH * HEIGHT;
    for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++)
      buffer[i] = __builtin_bswap16(buffer[i]);
  }
}

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This is the core graphics library for all our displays, providing a common

set of graphics primitives (points, lines, circles, etc.). It needs to be

paired with a hardware-specific library for each display device we carry

(to handle the lower-level functions).

Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, please

support Adafruit & open-source hardware by purchasing products from Adafruit!

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,

this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,

this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation

and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF

SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS

INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN

CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)

ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"

#include "glcdfont.c"

#ifdef __AVR__

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)

#include <pgmspace.h>

#endif

// Many (but maybe not all) non-AVR board installs define macros

// for compatibility with existing PROGMEM-reading AVR code.

// Do our own checks and defines here for good measure...

#ifndef pgm_read_byte

#define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr))

#endif

#ifndef pgm_read_word

#define pgm_read_word(addr) (*(const unsigned short *)(addr))

#endif

#ifndef pgm_read_dword

#define pgm_read_dword(addr) (*(const unsigned long *)(addr))

#endif

// Pointers are a peculiar case...typically 16-bit on AVR boards,

// 32 bits elsewhere. Try to accommodate both...

#if !defined(__INT_MAX__) || (__INT_MAX__ > 0xFFFF)

#define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_dword(addr))

#else

#define pgm_read_pointer(addr) ((void *)pgm_read_word(addr))

#endif

inline GFXglyph *pgm_read_glyph_ptr(const GFXfont *gfxFont, uint8_t c) {

#ifdef __AVR__

return &(((GFXglyph *)pgm_read_pointer(&gfxFont->glyph))[c]);

#else

// expression in __AVR__ section may generate "dereferencing type-punned

// pointer will break strict-aliasing rules" warning In fact, on other

// platforms (such as STM32) there is no need to do this pointer magic as

// program memory may be read in a usual way So expression may be simplified

return gfxFont->glyph + c;

#endif //__AVR__

}

inline uint8_t *pgm_read_bitmap_ptr(const GFXfont *gfxFont) {

#ifdef __AVR__

return (uint8_t *)pgm_read_pointer(&gfxFont->bitmap);

#else

// expression in __AVR__ section generates "dereferencing type-punned pointer

// will break strict-aliasing rules" warning In fact, on other platforms (such

// as STM32) there is no need to do this pointer magic as program memory may

// be read in a usual way So expression may be simplified

return gfxFont->bitmap;

#endif //__AVR__

}

#ifndef min

#define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))

#endif

#ifndef _swap_int16_t

#define _swap_int16_t(a, b) \

{ \

int16_t t = a; \

a = b; \

b = t; \

}

#endif

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Instatiate a GFX context for graphics! Can only be done by a

superclass

@param w Display width, in pixels

@param h Display height, in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

Adafruit_GFX::Adafruit_GFX(int16_t w, int16_t h) : WIDTH(w), HEIGHT(h) {

_width = WIDTH;

_height = HEIGHT;

rotation = 0;

cursor_y = cursor_x = 0;

textsize_x = textsize_y = 1;

textcolor = textbgcolor = 0xFFFF;

wrap = true;

_cp437 = false;

gfxFont = NULL;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Write a line. Bresenham's algorithm - thx wikpedia

@param x0 Start point x coordinate

@param y0 Start point y coordinate

@param x1 End point x coordinate

@param y1 End point y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::writeLine(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,

uint16_t color) {

#if defined(ESP8266)

yield();

#endif

int16_t steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0);

if (steep) {

_swap_int16_t(x0, y0);

_swap_int16_t(x1, y1);

}

if (x0 > x1) {

_swap_int16_t(x0, x1);

_swap_int16_t(y0, y1);

}

int16_t dx, dy;

dx = x1 - x0;

dy = abs(y1 - y0);

int16_t err = dx / 2;

int16_t ystep;

if (y0 < y1) {

ystep = 1;

} else {

ystep = -1;

}

for (; x0 <= x1; x0++) {

if (steep) {

writePixel(y0, x0, color);

} else {

writePixel(x0, y0, color);

}

err -= dy;

if (err < 0) {

y0 += ystep;

err += dx;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Start a display-writing routine, overwrite in subclasses.

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::startWrite() {}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Write a pixel, overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!

@param x x coordinate

@param y y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::writePixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {

drawPixel(x, y, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Write a perfectly vertical line, overwrite in subclasses if

startWrite is defined!

@param x Top-most x coordinate

@param y Top-most y coordinate

@param h Height in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::writeFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h,

uint16_t color) {

// Overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!

// Can be just writeLine(x, y, x, y+h-1, color);

// or writeFillRect(x, y, 1, h, color);

drawFastVLine(x, y, h, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Write a perfectly horizontal line, overwrite in subclasses if

startWrite is defined!

@param x Left-most x coordinate

@param y Left-most y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::writeFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,

uint16_t color) {

// Overwrite in subclasses if startWrite is defined!

// Example: writeLine(x, y, x+w-1, y, color);

// or writeFillRect(x, y, w, 1, color);

drawFastHLine(x, y, w, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Write a rectangle completely with one color, overwrite in

subclasses if startWrite is defined!

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param h Height in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::writeFillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,

uint16_t color) {

// Overwrite in subclasses if desired!

fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief End a display-writing routine, overwrite in subclasses if

startWrite is defined!

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::endWrite() {}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a perfectly vertical line (this is often optimized in a

subclass!)

@param x Top-most x coordinate

@param y Top-most y coordinate

@param h Height in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h,

uint16_t color) {

startWrite();

writeLine(x, y, x, y + h - 1, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a perfectly horizontal line (this is often optimized in a

subclass!)

@param x Left-most x coordinate

@param y Left-most y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,

uint16_t color) {

startWrite();

writeLine(x, y, x + w - 1, y, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Fill a rectangle completely with one color. Update in subclasses if

desired!

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param h Height in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,

uint16_t color) {

startWrite();

for (int16_t i = x; i < x + w; i++) {

writeFastVLine(i, y, h, color);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Fill the screen completely with one color. Update in subclasses if

desired!

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {

fillRect(0, 0, _width, _height, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a line

@param x0 Start point x coordinate

@param y0 Start point y coordinate

@param x1 End point x coordinate

@param y1 End point y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawLine(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,

uint16_t color) {

// Update in subclasses if desired!

if (x0 == x1) {

if (y0 > y1)

_swap_int16_t(y0, y1);

drawFastVLine(x0, y0, y1 - y0 + 1, color);

} else if (y0 == y1) {

if (x0 > x1)

_swap_int16_t(x0, x1);

drawFastHLine(x0, y0, x1 - x0 + 1, color);

} else {

startWrite();

writeLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a circle outline

@param x0 Center-point x coordinate

@param y0 Center-point y coordinate

@param r Radius of circle

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,

uint16_t color) {

#if defined(ESP8266)

yield();

#endif

int16_t f = 1 - r;

int16_t ddF_x = 1;

int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;

int16_t x = 0;

int16_t y = r;

startWrite();

writePixel(x0, y0 + r, color);

writePixel(x0, y0 - r, color);

writePixel(x0 + r, y0, color);

writePixel(x0 - r, y0, color);

while (x < y) {

if (f >= 0) {

y--;

ddF_y += 2;

f += ddF_y;

}

x++;

ddF_x += 2;

f += ddF_x;

writePixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);

writePixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);

writePixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);

writePixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);

writePixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);

writePixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);

writePixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);

writePixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Quarter-circle drawer, used to do circles and roundrects

@param x0 Center-point x coordinate

@param y0 Center-point y coordinate

@param r Radius of circle

@param cornername Mask bit #1 or bit #2 to indicate which quarters of

the circle we're doing

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircleHelper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,

uint8_t cornername, uint16_t color) {

int16_t f = 1 - r;

int16_t ddF_x = 1;

int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;

int16_t x = 0;

int16_t y = r;

while (x < y) {

if (f >= 0) {

y--;

ddF_y += 2;

f += ddF_y;

}

x++;

ddF_x += 2;

f += ddF_x;

if (cornername & 0x4) {

writePixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);

writePixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);

}

if (cornername & 0x2) {

writePixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);

writePixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);

}

if (cornername & 0x8) {

writePixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);

writePixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);

}

if (cornername & 0x1) {

writePixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);

writePixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a circle with filled color

@param x0 Center-point x coordinate

@param y0 Center-point y coordinate

@param r Radius of circle

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,

uint16_t color) {

startWrite();

writeFastVLine(x0, y0 - r, 2 * r + 1, color);

fillCircleHelper(x0, y0, r, 3, 0, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Quarter-circle drawer with fill, used for circles and roundrects

@param x0 Center-point x coordinate

@param y0 Center-point y coordinate

@param r Radius of circle

@param corners Mask bits indicating which quarters we're doing

@param delta Offset from center-point, used for round-rects

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircleHelper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,

uint8_t corners, int16_t delta,

uint16_t color) {

int16_t f = 1 - r;

int16_t ddF_x = 1;

int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;

int16_t x = 0;

int16_t y = r;

int16_t px = x;

int16_t py = y;

delta++; // Avoid some +1's in the loop

while (x < y) {

if (f >= 0) {

y--;

ddF_y += 2;

f += ddF_y;

}

x++;

ddF_x += 2;

f += ddF_x;

// These checks avoid double-drawing certain lines, important

// for the SSD1306 library which has an INVERT drawing mode.

if (x < (y + 1)) {

if (corners & 1)

writeFastVLine(x0 + x, y0 - y, 2 * y + delta, color);

if (corners & 2)

writeFastVLine(x0 - x, y0 - y, 2 * y + delta, color);

}

if (y != py) {

if (corners & 1)

writeFastVLine(x0 + py, y0 - px, 2 * px + delta, color);

if (corners & 2)

writeFastVLine(x0 - py, y0 - px, 2 * px + delta, color);

py = y;

}

px = x;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a rectangle with no fill color

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param h Height in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,

uint16_t color) {

startWrite();

writeFastHLine(x, y, w, color);

writeFastHLine(x, y + h - 1, w, color);

writeFastVLine(x, y, h, color);

writeFastVLine(x + w - 1, y, h, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a rounded rectangle with no fill color

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param h Height in pixels

@param r Radius of corner rounding

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,

int16_t r, uint16_t color) {

int16_t max_radius = ((w < h) ? w : h) / 2; // 1/2 minor axis

if (r > max_radius)

r = max_radius;

// smarter version

startWrite();

writeFastHLine(x + r, y, w - 2 * r, color); // Top

writeFastHLine(x + r, y + h - 1, w - 2 * r, color); // Bottom

writeFastVLine(x, y + r, h - 2 * r, color); // Left

writeFastVLine(x + w - 1, y + r, h - 2 * r, color); // Right

// draw four corners

drawCircleHelper(x + r, y + r, r, 1, color);

drawCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + r, r, 2, color);

drawCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + h - r - 1, r, 4, color);

drawCircleHelper(x + r, y + h - r - 1, r, 8, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a rounded rectangle with fill color

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param w Width in pixels

@param h Height in pixels

@param r Radius of corner rounding

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw/fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,

int16_t r, uint16_t color) {

int16_t max_radius = ((w < h) ? w : h) / 2; // 1/2 minor axis

if (r > max_radius)

r = max_radius;

// smarter version

startWrite();

writeFillRect(x + r, y, w - 2 * r, h, color);

// draw four corners

fillCircleHelper(x + w - r - 1, y + r, r, 1, h - 2 * r - 1, color);

fillCircleHelper(x + r, y + r, r, 2, h - 2 * r - 1, color);

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a triangle with no fill color

@param x0 Vertex #0 x coordinate

@param y0 Vertex #0 y coordinate

@param x1 Vertex #1 x coordinate

@param y1 Vertex #1 y coordinate

@param x2 Vertex #2 x coordinate

@param y2 Vertex #2 y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawTriangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,

int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {

drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);

drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

drawLine(x2, y2, x0, y0, color);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a triangle with color-fill

@param x0 Vertex #0 x coordinate

@param y0 Vertex #0 y coordinate

@param x1 Vertex #1 x coordinate

@param y1 Vertex #1 y coordinate

@param x2 Vertex #2 x coordinate

@param y2 Vertex #2 y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill/draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::fillTriangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,

int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {

int16_t a, b, y, last;

// Sort coordinates by Y order (y2 >= y1 >= y0)

if (y0 > y1) {

_swap_int16_t(y0, y1);

_swap_int16_t(x0, x1);

}

if (y1 > y2) {

_swap_int16_t(y2, y1);

_swap_int16_t(x2, x1);

}

if (y0 > y1) {

_swap_int16_t(y0, y1);

_swap_int16_t(x0, x1);

}

startWrite();

if (y0 == y2) { // Handle awkward all-on-same-line case as its own thing

a = b = x0;

if (x1 < a)

a = x1;

else if (x1 > b)

b = x1;

if (x2 < a)

a = x2;

else if (x2 > b)

b = x2;

writeFastHLine(a, y0, b - a + 1, color);

endWrite();

return;

}

int16_t dx01 = x1 - x0, dy01 = y1 - y0, dx02 = x2 - x0, dy02 = y2 - y0,

dx12 = x2 - x1, dy12 = y2 - y1;

int32_t sa = 0, sb = 0;

// For upper part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments

// 0-1 and 0-2. If y1=y2 (flat-bottomed triangle), the scanline y1

// is included here (and second loop will be skipped, avoiding a /0

// error there), otherwise scanline y1 is skipped here and handled

// in the second loop...which also avoids a /0 error here if y0=y1

// (flat-topped triangle).

if (y1 == y2)

last = y1; // Include y1 scanline

else

last = y1 - 1; // Skip it

for (y = y0; y <= last; y++) {

a = x0 + sa / dy01;

b = x0 + sb / dy02;

sa += dx01;

sb += dx02;

/* longhand:

a = x0 + (x1 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y1 - y0);

b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);

if (a > b)

_swap_int16_t(a, b);

writeFastHLine(a, y, b - a + 1, color);

}

// For lower part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments

// 0-2 and 1-2. This loop is skipped if y1=y2.

sa = (int32_t)dx12 * (y - y1);

sb = (int32_t)dx02 * (y - y0);

for (; y <= y2; y++) {

a = x1 + sa / dy12;

b = x0 + sb / dy02;

sa += dx12;

sb += dx02;

/* longhand:

a = x1 + (x2 - x1) * (y - y1) / (y2 - y1);

b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);

if (a > b)

_swap_int16_t(a, b);

writeFastHLine(a, y, b - a + 1, color);

}

endWrite();

}

// BITMAP / XBITMAP / GRAYSCALE / RGB BITMAP FUNCTIONS ---------------------

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y)

position, using the specified foreground color (unset bits are transparent).

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with monochrome bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],

int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);

if (byte & 0x80)

writePixel(x + i, y, color);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y)

position, using the specified foreground (for set bits) and background (unset

bits) colors.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with monochrome bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with

@param bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw background with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],

int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color,

uint16_t bg) {

int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);

writePixel(x + i, y, (byte & 0x80) ? color : bg);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y) position,

using the specified foreground color (unset bits are transparent).

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with monochrome bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w,

int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8];

if (byte & 0x80)

writePixel(x + i, y, color);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 1-bit image at the specified (x,y) position,

using the specified foreground (for set bits) and background (unset bits)

colors.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with monochrome bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with

@param bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw background with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w,

int16_t h, uint16_t color, uint16_t bg) {

int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8];

writePixel(x + i, y, (byte & 0x80) ? color : bg);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw PROGMEM-resident XBitMap Files (*.xbm), exported from GIMP.

Usage: Export from GIMP to *.xbm, rename *.xbm to *.c and open in editor.

C Array can be directly used with this function.

There is no RAM-resident version of this function; if generating bitmaps

in RAM, use the format defined by drawBitmap() and call that instead.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with monochrome bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw pixels with

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawXBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t bitmap[],

int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {

int16_t byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte >>= 1;

else

byte = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * byteWidth + i / 8]);

// Nearly identical to drawBitmap(), only the bit order

// is reversed here (left-to-right = LSB to MSB):

if (byte & 0x01)

writePixel(x + i, y, color);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) at the specified

(x,y) pos. Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no

color reduction/expansion is performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with grayscale bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y,

const uint8_t bitmap[], int16_t w,

int16_t h) {

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

writePixel(x + i, y, (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * w + i]));

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) at the specified (x,y)

pos. Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color

reduction/expansion is performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with grayscale bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap,

int16_t w, int16_t h) {

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) with a 1-bit mask

(set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position.

BOTH buffers (grayscale and mask) must be PROGMEM-resident.

Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color

reduction/expansion is performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with grayscale bitmap

@param mask byte array with mask bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y,

const uint8_t bitmap[],

const uint8_t mask[], int16_t w,

int16_t h) {

int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = pgm_read_byte(&mask[j * bw + i / 8]);

if (byte & 0x80) {

writePixel(x + i, y, (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[j * w + i]));

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 8-bit image (grayscale) with a 1-bit mask

(set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position.

BOTH buffers (grayscale and mask) must be RAM-residentt, no mix-and-match

Specifically for 8-bit display devices such as IS31FL3731; no color

reduction/expansion is performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with grayscale bitmap

@param mask byte array with mask bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawGrayscaleBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t *bitmap,

uint8_t *mask, int16_t w, int16_t h) {

int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = mask[j * bw + i / 8];

if (byte & 0x80) {

writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) at the specified

(x,y) position. For 16-bit display devices; no color reduction performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with 16-bit color bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint16_t bitmap[],

int16_t w, int16_t h) {

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

writePixel(x + i, y, pgm_read_word(&bitmap[j * w + i]));

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) at the specified (x,y)

position. For 16-bit display devices; no color reduction performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with 16-bit color bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *bitmap,

int16_t w, int16_t h) {

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a PROGMEM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) with a 1-bit mask

(set bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position. BOTH

buffers (color and mask) must be PROGMEM-resident. For 16-bit display

devices; no color reduction performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with 16-bit color bitmap

@param mask byte array with monochrome mask bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint16_t bitmap[],

const uint8_t mask[], int16_t w, int16_t h) {

int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = pgm_read_byte(&mask[j * bw + i / 8]);

if (byte & 0x80) {

writePixel(x + i, y, pgm_read_word(&bitmap[j * w + i]));

}

endWrite();

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a RAM-resident 16-bit image (RGB 5/6/5) with a 1-bit mask (set

bits = opaque, unset bits = clear) at the specified (x,y) position. BOTH

buffers (color and mask) must be RAM-resident. For 16-bit display devices; no

color reduction performed.

@param x Top left corner x coordinate

@param y Top left corner y coordinate

@param bitmap byte array with 16-bit color bitmap

@param mask byte array with monochrome mask bitmap

@param w Width of bitmap in pixels

@param h Height of bitmap in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawRGBBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *bitmap,

uint8_t *mask, int16_t w, int16_t h) {

int16_t bw = (w + 7) / 8; // Bitmask scanline pad = whole byte

uint8_t byte = 0;

startWrite();

for (int16_t j = 0; j < h; j++, y++) {

for (int16_t i = 0; i < w; i++) {

if (i & 7)

byte <<= 1;

else

byte = mask[j * bw + i / 8];

if (byte & 0x80) {

writePixel(x + i, y, bitmap[j * w + i]);

}

endWrite();

}

// TEXT- AND CHARACTER-HANDLING FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------

// Draw a character

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a single character

@param x Bottom left corner x coordinate

@param y Bottom left corner y coordinate

@param c The 8-bit font-indexed character (likely ascii)

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw chraracter with

@param bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill background with (if same as color,

no background)

@param size Font magnification level, 1 is 'original' size

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawChar(int16_t x, int16_t y, unsigned char c,

uint16_t color, uint16_t bg, uint8_t size) {

drawChar(x, y, c, color, bg, size, size);

}

// Draw a character

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a single character

@param x Bottom left corner x coordinate

@param y Bottom left corner y coordinate

@param c The 8-bit font-indexed character (likely ascii)

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to draw chraracter with

@param bg 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill background with (if same as color,

no background)

@param size_x Font magnification level in X-axis, 1 is 'original' size

@param size_y Font magnification level in Y-axis, 1 is 'original' size

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::drawChar(int16_t x, int16_t y, unsigned char c,

uint16_t color, uint16_t bg, uint8_t size_x,

uint8_t size_y) {

if (!gfxFont) { // 'Classic' built-in font

if ((x >= _width) || // Clip right

(y >= _height) || // Clip bottom

((x + 6 * size_x - 1) < 0) || // Clip left

((y + 8 * size_y - 1) < 0)) // Clip top

return;

if (!_cp437 && (c >= 176))

c++; // Handle 'classic' charset behavior

startWrite();

for (int8_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // Char bitmap = 5 columns

uint8_t line = pgm_read_byte(&font[c * 5 + i]);

for (int8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++, line >>= 1) {

if (line & 1) {

if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)

writePixel(x + i, y + j, color);

else

writeFillRect(x + i * size_x, y + j * size_y, size_x, size_y,

color);

} else if (bg != color) {

if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)

writePixel(x + i, y + j, bg);

else

writeFillRect(x + i * size_x, y + j * size_y, size_x, size_y, bg);

}

if (bg != color) { // If opaque, draw vertical line for last column

if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1)

writeFastVLine(x + 5, y, 8, bg);

else

writeFillRect(x + 5 * size_x, y, size_x, 8 * size_y, bg);

}

endWrite();

} else { // Custom font

// Character is assumed previously filtered by write() to eliminate

// newlines, returns, non-printable characters, etc. Calling

// drawChar() directly with 'bad' characters of font may cause mayhem!

c -= (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first);

GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c);

uint8_t *bitmap = pgm_read_bitmap_ptr(gfxFont);

uint16_t bo = pgm_read_word(&glyph->bitmapOffset);

uint8_t w = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width), h = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height);

int8_t xo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset),

yo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->yOffset);

uint8_t xx, yy, bits = 0, bit = 0;

int16_t xo16 = 0, yo16 = 0;

if (size_x > 1 || size_y > 1) {

xo16 = xo;

yo16 = yo;

}

// Todo: Add character clipping here

// NOTE: THERE IS NO 'BACKGROUND' COLOR OPTION ON CUSTOM FONTS.

// THIS IS ON PURPOSE AND BY DESIGN. The background color feature

// has typically been used with the 'classic' font to overwrite old

// screen contents with new data. This ONLY works because the

// characters are a uniform size; it's not a sensible thing to do with

// proportionally-spaced fonts with glyphs of varying sizes (and that

// may overlap). To replace previously-drawn text when using a custom

// font, use the getTextBounds() function to determine the smallest

// rectangle encompassing a string, erase the area with fillRect(),

// then draw new text. This WILL infortunately 'blink' the text, but

// is unavoidable. Drawing 'background' pixels will NOT fix this,

// only creates a new set of problems. Have an idea to work around

// this (a canvas object type for MCUs that can afford the RAM and

// displays supporting setAddrWindow() and pushColors()), but haven't

// implemented this yet.

startWrite();

for (yy = 0; yy < h; yy++) {

for (xx = 0; xx < w; xx++) {

if (!(bit++ & 7)) {

bits = pgm_read_byte(&bitmap[bo++]);

}

if (bits & 0x80) {

if (size_x == 1 && size_y == 1) {

writePixel(x + xo + xx, y + yo + yy, color);

} else {

writeFillRect(x + (xo16 + xx) * size_x, y + (yo16 + yy) * size_y,

size_x, size_y, color);

}

bits <<= 1;

}

endWrite();

} // End classic vs custom font

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Print one byte/character of data, used to support print()

@param c The 8-bit ascii character to write

/**************************************************************************/

size_t Adafruit_GFX::write(uint8_t c) {

if (!gfxFont) { // 'Classic' built-in font

if (c == '\n') { // Newline?

cursor_x = 0; // Reset x to zero,

cursor_y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line

} else if (c != '\r') { // Ignore carriage returns

if (wrap && ((cursor_x + textsize_x * 6) > _width)) { // Off right?

cursor_x = 0; // Reset x to zero,

cursor_y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line

}

drawChar(cursor_x, cursor_y, c, textcolor, textbgcolor, textsize_x,

textsize_y);

cursor_x += textsize_x * 6; // Advance x one char

}

} else { // Custom font

if (c == '\n') {

cursor_x = 0;

cursor_y +=

(int16_t)textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);

} else if (c != '\r') {

uint8_t first = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first);

if ((c >= first) && (c <= (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->last))) {

GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c - first);

uint8_t w = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width),

h = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height);

if ((w > 0) && (h > 0)) { // Is there an associated bitmap?

int16_t xo = (int8_t)pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset); // sic

if (wrap && ((cursor_x + textsize_x * (xo + w)) > _width)) {

cursor_x = 0;

cursor_y += (int16_t)textsize_y *

(uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);

}

drawChar(cursor_x, cursor_y, c, textcolor, textbgcolor, textsize_x,

textsize_y);

}

cursor_x +=

(uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xAdvance) * (int16_t)textsize_x;

}

return 1;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Set text 'magnification' size. Each increase in s makes 1 pixel

that much bigger.

@param s Desired text size. 1 is default 6x8, 2 is 12x16, 3 is 18x24, etc

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::setTextSize(uint8_t s) { setTextSize(s, s); }

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Set text 'magnification' size. Each increase in s makes 1 pixel

that much bigger.

@param s_x Desired text width magnification level in X-axis. 1 is default

@param s_y Desired text width magnification level in Y-axis. 1 is default

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::setTextSize(uint8_t s_x, uint8_t s_y) {

textsize_x = (s_x > 0) ? s_x : 1;

textsize_y = (s_y > 0) ? s_y : 1;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Set rotation setting for display

@param x 0 thru 3 corresponding to 4 cardinal rotations

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::setRotation(uint8_t x) {

rotation = (x & 3);

switch (rotation) {

case 0:

case 2:

_width = WIDTH;

_height = HEIGHT;

break;

case 1:

case 3:

_width = HEIGHT;

_height = WIDTH;

break;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Set the font to display when print()ing, either custom or default

@param f The GFXfont object, if NULL use built in 6x8 font

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::setFont(const GFXfont *f) {

if (f) { // Font struct pointer passed in?

if (!gfxFont) { // And no current font struct?

// Switching from classic to new font behavior.

// Move cursor pos down 6 pixels so it's on baseline.

cursor_y += 6;

}

} else if (gfxFont) { // NULL passed. Current font struct defined?

// Switching from new to classic font behavior.

// Move cursor pos up 6 pixels so it's at top-left of char.

cursor_y -= 6;

}

gfxFont = (GFXfont *)f;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Helper to determine size of a character with current font/size.

Broke this out as it's used by both the PROGMEM- and RAM-resident

getTextBounds() functions.

@param c The ascii character in question

@param x Pointer to x location of character

@param y Pointer to y location of character

@param minx Minimum clipping value for X

@param miny Minimum clipping value for Y

@param maxx Maximum clipping value for X

@param maxy Maximum clipping value for Y

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::charBounds(unsigned char c, int16_t *x, int16_t *y,

int16_t *minx, int16_t *miny, int16_t *maxx,

int16_t *maxy) {

if (gfxFont) {

if (c == '\n') { // Newline?

*x = 0; // Reset x to zero, advance y by one line

*y += textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);

} else if (c != '\r') { // Not a carriage return; is normal char

uint8_t first = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->first),

last = pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->last);

if ((c >= first) && (c <= last)) { // Char present in this font?

GFXglyph *glyph = pgm_read_glyph_ptr(gfxFont, c - first);

uint8_t gw = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->width),

gh = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->height),

xa = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xAdvance);

int8_t xo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->xOffset),

yo = pgm_read_byte(&glyph->yOffset);

if (wrap && ((*x + (((int16_t)xo + gw) * textsize_x)) > _width)) {

*x = 0; // Reset x to zero, advance y by one line

*y += textsize_y * (uint8_t)pgm_read_byte(&gfxFont->yAdvance);

}

int16_t tsx = (int16_t)textsize_x, tsy = (int16_t)textsize_y,

x1 = *x + xo * tsx, y1 = *y + yo * tsy, x2 = x1 + gw * tsx - 1,

y2 = y1 + gh * tsy - 1;

if (x1 < *minx)

*minx = x1;

if (y1 < *miny)

*miny = y1;

if (x2 > *maxx)

*maxx = x2;

if (y2 > *maxy)

*maxy = y2;

*x += xa * tsx;

}

} else { // Default font

if (c == '\n') { // Newline?

*x = 0; // Reset x to zero,

*y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line

// min/max x/y unchaged -- that waits for next 'normal' character

} else if (c != '\r') { // Normal char; ignore carriage returns

if (wrap && ((*x + textsize_x * 6) > _width)) { // Off right?

*x = 0; // Reset x to zero,

*y += textsize_y * 8; // advance y one line

}

int x2 = *x + textsize_x * 6 - 1, // Lower-right pixel of char

y2 = *y + textsize_y * 8 - 1;

if (x2 > *maxx)

*maxx = x2; // Track max x, y

if (y2 > *maxy)

*maxy = y2;

if (*x < *minx)

*minx = *x; // Track min x, y

if (*y < *miny)

*miny = *y;

*x += textsize_x * 6; // Advance x one char

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Helper to determine size of a string with current font/size. Pass

string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.

@param str The ascii string to measure

@param x The current cursor X

@param y The current cursor Y

@param x1 The boundary X coordinate, set by function

@param y1 The boundary Y coordinate, set by function

@param w The boundary width, set by function

@param h The boundary height, set by function

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const char *str, int16_t x, int16_t y,

int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1, uint16_t *w,

uint16_t *h) {

uint8_t c; // Current character

*x1 = x;

*y1 = y;

*w = *h = 0;

int16_t minx = _width, miny = _height, maxx = -1, maxy = -1;

while ((c = *str++))

charBounds(c, &x, &y, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy);

if (maxx >= minx) {

*x1 = minx;

*w = maxx - minx + 1;

}

if (maxy >= miny) {

*y1 = miny;

*h = maxy - miny + 1;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Helper to determine size of a string with current font/size. Pass

string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.

@param str The ascii string to measure (as an arduino String() class)

@param x The current cursor X

@param y The current cursor Y

@param x1 The boundary X coordinate, set by function

@param y1 The boundary Y coordinate, set by function

@param w The boundary width, set by function

@param h The boundary height, set by function

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const String &str, int16_t x, int16_t y,

int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1, uint16_t *w,

uint16_t *h) {

if (str.length() != 0) {

getTextBounds(const_cast<char *>(str.c_str()), x, y, x1, y1, w, h);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Helper to determine size of a PROGMEM string with current

font/size. Pass string and a cursor position, returns UL corner and W,H.

@param str The flash-memory ascii string to measure

@param x The current cursor X

@param y The current cursor Y

@param x1 The boundary X coordinate, set by function

@param y1 The boundary Y coordinate, set by function

@param w The boundary width, set by function

@param h The boundary height, set by function

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::getTextBounds(const __FlashStringHelper *str, int16_t x,

int16_t y, int16_t *x1, int16_t *y1,

uint16_t *w, uint16_t *h) {

uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)str, c;

*x1 = x;

*y1 = y;

*w = *h = 0;

int16_t minx = _width, miny = _height, maxx = -1, maxy = -1;

while ((c = pgm_read_byte(s++)))

charBounds(c, &x, &y, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy);

if (maxx >= minx) {

*x1 = minx;

*w = maxx - minx + 1;

}

if (maxy >= miny) {

*y1 = miny;

*h = maxy - miny + 1;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Invert the display (ideally using built-in hardware command)

@param i True if you want to invert, false to make 'normal'

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX::invertDisplay(boolean i) {

// Do nothing, must be subclassed if supported by hardware

}

/***************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Create a simple drawn button UI element

/**************************************************************************/

Adafruit_GFX_Button::Adafruit_GFX_Button(void) { _gfx = 0; }

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings

@param gfx Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!

@param x The X coordinate of the center of the button

@param y The Y coordinate of the center of the button

@param w Width of the buttton

@param h Height of the buttton

@param outline Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param fill Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param textcolor Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param label Ascii string of the text inside the button

@param textsize The font magnification of the label text

/**************************************************************************/

// Classic initButton() function: pass center & size

void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButton(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x, int16_t y,

uint16_t w, uint16_t h, uint16_t outline,

uint16_t fill, uint16_t textcolor,

char *label, uint8_t textsize) {

// Tweak arguments and pass to the newer initButtonUL() function...

initButtonUL(gfx, x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), w, h, outline, fill, textcolor,

label, textsize);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings

@param gfx Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!

@param x The X coordinate of the center of the button

@param y The Y coordinate of the center of the button

@param w Width of the buttton

@param h Height of the buttton

@param outline Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param fill Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param textcolor Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param label Ascii string of the text inside the button

@param textsize_x The font magnification in X-axis of the label text

@param textsize_y The font magnification in Y-axis of the label text

/**************************************************************************/

// Classic initButton() function: pass center & size

void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButton(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x, int16_t y,

uint16_t w, uint16_t h, uint16_t outline,

uint16_t fill, uint16_t textcolor,

char *label, uint8_t textsize_x,

uint8_t textsize_y) {

// Tweak arguments and pass to the newer initButtonUL() function...

initButtonUL(gfx, x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), w, h, outline, fill, textcolor,

label, textsize_x, textsize_y);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings, with

upper-left coordinates

@param gfx Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!

@param x1 The X coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button

@param y1 The Y coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button

@param w Width of the buttton

@param h Height of the buttton

@param outline Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param fill Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param textcolor Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param label Ascii string of the text inside the button

@param textsize The font magnification of the label text

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButtonUL(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x1,

int16_t y1, uint16_t w, uint16_t h,

uint16_t outline, uint16_t fill,

uint16_t textcolor, char *label,

uint8_t textsize) {

initButtonUL(gfx, x1, y1, w, h, outline, fill, textcolor, label, textsize,

textsize);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Initialize button with our desired color/size/settings, with

upper-left coordinates

@param gfx Pointer to our display so we can draw to it!

@param x1 The X coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button

@param y1 The Y coordinate of the Upper-Left corner of the button

@param w Width of the buttton

@param h Height of the buttton

@param outline Color of the outline (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param fill Color of the button fill (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param textcolor Color of the button label (16-bit 5-6-5 standard)

@param label Ascii string of the text inside the button

@param textsize_x The font magnification in X-axis of the label text

@param textsize_y The font magnification in Y-axis of the label text

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX_Button::initButtonUL(Adafruit_GFX *gfx, int16_t x1,

int16_t y1, uint16_t w, uint16_t h,

uint16_t outline, uint16_t fill,

uint16_t textcolor, char *label,

uint8_t textsize_x, uint8_t textsize_y) {

_x1 = x1;

_y1 = y1;

_w = w;

_h = h;

_outlinecolor = outline;

_fillcolor = fill;

_textcolor = textcolor;

_textsize_x = textsize_x;

_textsize_y = textsize_y;

_gfx = gfx;

strncpy(_label, label, 9);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw the button on the screen

@param inverted Whether to draw with fill/text swapped to indicate

'pressed'

/**************************************************************************/

void Adafruit_GFX_Button::drawButton(boolean inverted) {

uint16_t fill, outline, text;

if (!inverted) {

fill = _fillcolor;

outline = _outlinecolor;

text = _textcolor;

} else {

fill = _textcolor;

outline = _outlinecolor;

text = _fillcolor;

}

uint8_t r = min(_w, _h) / 4; // Corner radius

_gfx->fillRoundRect(_x1, _y1, _w, _h, r, fill);

_gfx->drawRoundRect(_x1, _y1, _w, _h, r, outline);

_gfx->setCursor(_x1 + (_w / 2) - (strlen(_label) * 3 * _textsize_x),

_y1 + (_h / 2) - (4 * _textsize_y));

_gfx->setTextColor(text);

_gfx->setTextSize(_textsize_x, _textsize_y);

_gfx->print(_label);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Helper to let us know if a coordinate is within the bounds of the

button

@param x The X coordinate to check

@param y The Y coordinate to check

@returns True if within button graphics outline

/**************************************************************************/

boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::contains(int16_t x, int16_t y) {

return ((x >= _x1) && (x < (int16_t)(_x1 + _w)) && (y >= _y1) &&

(y < (int16_t)(_y1 + _h)));

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Query whether the button was pressed since we last checked state

@returns True if was not-pressed before, now is.

/**************************************************************************/

boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::justPressed() { return (currstate && !laststate); }

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Query whether the button was released since we last checked state

@returns True if was pressed before, now is not.

/**************************************************************************/

boolean Adafruit_GFX_Button::justReleased() {

return (!currstate && laststate);

}

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------

// GFXcanvas1, GFXcanvas8 and GFXcanvas16 (currently a WIP, don't get too

// comfy with the implementation) provide 1-, 8- and 16-bit offscreen

// canvases, the address of which can be passed to drawBitmap() or

// pushColors() (the latter appears only in a couple of GFX-subclassed TFT

// libraries at this time). This is here mostly to help with the recently-

// added proportionally-spaced fonts; adds a way to refresh a section of the

// screen without a massive flickering clear-and-redraw...but maybe you'll

// find other uses too. VERY RAM-intensive, since the buffer is in MCU

// memory and not the display driver...GXFcanvas1 might be minimally useful

// on an Uno-class board, but this and the others are much more likely to

// require at least a Mega or various recent ARM-type boards (recommended,

// as the text+bitmap draw can be pokey). GFXcanvas1 requires 1 bit per

// pixel (rounded up to nearest byte per scanline), GFXcanvas8 is 1 byte

// per pixel (no scanline pad), and GFXcanvas16 uses 2 bytes per pixel (no

// scanline pad).

// NOT EXTENSIVELY TESTED YET. MAY CONTAIN WORST BUGS KNOWN TO HUMANKIND.

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Instatiate a GFX 1-bit canvas context for graphics

@param w Display width, in pixels

@param h Display height, in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas1::GFXcanvas1(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {

uint16_t bytes = ((w + 7) / 8) * h;

if ((buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(bytes))) {

memset(buffer, 0, bytes);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Delete the canvas, free memory

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas1::~GFXcanvas1(void) {

if (buffer)

free(buffer);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer

@param x x coordinate

@param y y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas1::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {

#ifdef __AVR__

// Bitmask tables of 0x80>>X and ~(0x80>>X), because X>>Y is slow on AVR

static const uint8_t PROGMEM GFXsetBit[] = {0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10,

0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01},

GFXclrBit[] = {0x7F, 0xBF, 0xDF, 0xEF,

0xF7, 0xFB, 0xFD, 0xFE};

#endif

if (buffer) {

if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))

return;

int16_t t;

switch (rotation) {

case 1:

t = x;

x = WIDTH - 1 - y;

y = t;

break;

case 2:

x = WIDTH - 1 - x;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;

break;

case 3:

t = x;

x = y;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;

break;

}

uint8_t *ptr = &buffer[(x / 8) + y * ((WIDTH + 7) / 8)];

#ifdef __AVR__

if (color)

*ptr |= pgm_read_byte(&GFXsetBit[x & 7]);

else

*ptr &= pgm_read_byte(&GFXclrBit[x & 7]);

#else

if (color)

*ptr |= 0x80 >> (x & 7);

else

*ptr &= ~(0x80 >> (x & 7));

#endif

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Fill the framebuffer completely with one color

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas1::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {

if (buffer) {

uint16_t bytes = ((WIDTH + 7) / 8) * HEIGHT;

memset(buffer, color ? 0xFF : 0x00, bytes);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Instatiate a GFX 8-bit canvas context for graphics

@param w Display width, in pixels

@param h Display height, in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas8::GFXcanvas8(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {

uint32_t bytes = w * h;

if ((buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(bytes))) {

memset(buffer, 0, bytes);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Delete the canvas, free memory

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas8::~GFXcanvas8(void) {

if (buffer)

free(buffer);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer

@param x x coordinate

@param y y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas8::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {

if (buffer) {

if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))

return;

int16_t t;

switch (rotation) {

case 1:

t = x;

x = WIDTH - 1 - y;

y = t;

break;

case 2:

x = WIDTH - 1 - x;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;

break;

case 3:

t = x;

x = y;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;

break;

}

buffer[x + y * WIDTH] = color;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Fill the framebuffer completely with one color

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas8::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {

if (buffer) {

memset(buffer, color, WIDTH * HEIGHT);

}

void GFXcanvas8::writeFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,

uint16_t color) {

if ((x >= _width) || (y < 0) || (y >= _height))

return;

int16_t x2 = x + w - 1;

if (x2 < 0)

return;

// Clip left/right

if (x < 0) {

x = 0;

w = x2 + 1;

}

if (x2 >= _width)

w = _width - x;

int16_t t;

switch (rotation) {

case 1:

t = x;

x = WIDTH - 1 - y;

y = t;

break;

case 2:

x = WIDTH - 1 - x;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;

break;

case 3:

t = x;

x = y;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;

break;

}

memset(buffer + y * WIDTH + x, color, w);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Instatiate a GFX 16-bit canvas context for graphics

@param w Display width, in pixels

@param h Display height, in pixels

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas16::GFXcanvas16(uint16_t w, uint16_t h) : Adafruit_GFX(w, h) {

uint32_t bytes = w * h * 2;

if ((buffer = (uint16_t *)malloc(bytes))) {

memset(buffer, 0, bytes);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Delete the canvas, free memory

/**************************************************************************/

GFXcanvas16::~GFXcanvas16(void) {

if (buffer)

free(buffer);

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Draw a pixel to the canvas framebuffer

@param x x coordinate

@param y y coordinate

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas16::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {

if (buffer) {

if ((x < 0) || (y < 0) || (x >= _width) || (y >= _height))

return;

int16_t t;

switch (rotation) {

case 1:

t = x;

x = WIDTH - 1 - y;

y = t;

break;

case 2:

x = WIDTH - 1 - x;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - y;

break;

case 3:

t = x;

x = y;

y = HEIGHT - 1 - t;

break;

}

buffer[x + y * WIDTH] = color;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Fill the framebuffer completely with one color

@param color 16-bit 5-6-5 Color to fill with

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas16::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {

if (buffer) {

uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color & 0xFF;

if (hi == lo) {

memset(buffer, lo, WIDTH * HEIGHT * 2);

} else {

uint32_t i, pixels = WIDTH * HEIGHT;

for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++)

buffer[i] = color;

}

/**************************************************************************/

/*!

@brief Reverses the "endian-ness" of each 16-bit pixel within the

canvas; little-endian to big-endian, or big-endian to little.

Most microcontrollers (such as SAMD) are little-endian, while

most displays tend toward big-endianness. All the drawing

functions (including RGB bitmap drawing) take care of this

automatically, but some specialized code (usually involving

DMA) can benefit from having pixel data already in the

display-native order. Note that this does NOT convert to a

SPECIFIC endian-ness, it just flips the bytes within each word.

/**************************************************************************/

void GFXcanvas16::byteSwap(void) {

if (buffer) {

uint32_t i, pixels = WIDTH * HEIGHT;

for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++)

buffer[i] = __builtin_bswap16(buffer[i]);

}

Stay Tuned,

Frank

Caplet Dispenser

1 Reply

Posted 13 July 2021

Being an old fart, I have unfortunately accreted a number of meds that I must take on a daily basis; the current count is four different meds – two in caplet style, and to in pill style. Each night I have to remove the cap from four different bottles, extract just one pill/caplet, and close the cap, all without losing any. After the umpteenth time that I either lost a pill on the floor, or had some very expensive caplets literally go down the drain, I said “there must be a better way…”.

So, I started designing a mechanism that would dispense just one pill/caplet on each cycle. I started out by creating TinkerCad models of the pills and caplets, as shown below:

Meds to be dispensed. Large caplet is about 7 x 19 mm

Then I started working on a dispensing mechanism, and wound up with the following design.

Caplet is loaded in upper image, dispensed in lower one

The mechanism consists of a sliding drawer and a collar with a caplet-sized slot. In the ‘load’ position (upper image above), the caplet falls through the slot into a caplet-sized bay in the drawer. In the ‘dispense’ position, the caplet falls through the open bottom of the drawer bay. Each time the drawer is moved back to the ‘load’ position, another caplet falls into the dispense bay, and is dispensed when the drawer is moved back to the ‘dispense’ position.

The above design worked very well, but there were two significant problems; the drawer wouldn’t stay in the ‘load’ position, so care had to be taken to avoid dispensing several caplets at a time, and it was possible for two caplets to fit vertically into the slot, jamming the mechanism, as shown below:

Two caplets oriented vertically, jamming the drawer mechanism

To keep the drawer in the ‘load’ position, a small rubber band was attached to the collar (the red part above) and around the right end of the drawer, using a hot-glue gun. This keeps the drawer in the ‘load’ position until actively pushed against the rubber band tension to the ‘dispense’ position. The issue with two caplets jamming the drawer was solved by placing a ‘flap’ over the slot in the collar, reducing the hole size such that only one caplet at a time can fit. A caplet goes through the hole vertically, and then slides down into the drawer bay, winding up horizontally in the bay, as shown below:

final design showing reduced-size collar slot allowing only one caplet at a time into bay

The next step in the project was to design and fabricate an adaptor piece to connect the dispensing mechanism to the pill bottle. TinkerCad doesn’t really support morphing from one shape to another, so I had to find a different way. I tried Blender, and while it did work, I had no experience with the product and so stumbled around a lot. Next I tried Open SCAD and discovered the ‘hull()’ feature, which does pretty much exactly what I want. After playing around with this a while, I came up with the following OSCAD script to do what I wanted:

/*07/12/21 Caplet dispenser adaptor for bottles 
  with various size caps. The cap fits into the top,
  and the center of the cap is cut away to allow the
  pills to fall down into the funnel.
  This part gets mated with the actual dispenser
  mechanism in TinkerCad
  
  07/13/21 - increased wall thickness at square/cone transition
           - added flap to ensure only one cap at time into dispensing cavity
           - increased the height of the pill bottle mating collar
*/

rect_w = 12; //rectangle width
rect_l = 28; //rectangle height
th = 2; //wall thickness of the completed object
cyl_id = 56; //id to match pillbottle lid
cyl_od = cyl_id + 2*th; //outside diameter
ht = 16; //total height of morphed element
rect_h = 6; //height of just the rectangular solid
rim_ht = 12; //height of the collar above the morphed element
fn = 60; //number of sides making up cylinders


module cube_cyl(w,l,rect_h,dia, ht)
{
  dh = 0.5;
  echo(w = w, l = l, h = ht);
  echo(rect_l = rect_l, rect_w = rect_w, rect_h = rect_h); 
  
    hull()
  {
    cube([w,l, dh], center=true);
    translate ([0,0,ht]) cylinder (d=dia, h=0.5, $fn=fn);
  }

  translate ([0,0,-rect_h/2])cube([w,l,rect_h], center=true);
  translate ([0,0,ht+rim_ht/2])cylinder(h=rim_ht, d=dia, center=true, $fn=fn);
}

difference () 
{
  cube_cyl(rect_w,rect_l, rect_h, cyl_od,ht);
  color("green")
//  translate ([0,0,-0.5])cube_cyl(rect_w-th,rect_l-th,rect_h+th, cyl_id,ht+1);
  translate ([0,0,0])cube_cyl(rect_w-th,rect_l-th,rect_h+th, cyl_id,ht+1);
}

//07/13/21 flap ensures only one cap at a time into dispensing cavity
translate ([0,-rect_l/6,0])cube([rect_w,2*rect_l/3,1], center=true);

/*07/12/21 Caplet dispenser adaptor for bottles

with various size caps. The cap fits into the top,

and the center of the cap is cut away to allow the

pills to fall down into the funnel.

This part gets mated with the actual dispenser

mechanism in TinkerCad

07/13/21 - increased wall thickness at square/cone transition

- added flap to ensure only one cap at time into dispensing cavity

- increased the height of the pill bottle mating collar

rect_w = 12; //rectangle width

rect_l = 28; //rectangle height

th = 2; //wall thickness of the completed object

cyl_id = 56; //id to match pillbottle lid

cyl_od = cyl_id + 2*th; //outside diameter

ht = 16; //total height of morphed element

rect_h = 6; //height of just the rectangular solid

rim_ht = 12; //height of the collar above the morphed element

fn = 60; //number of sides making up cylinders

module cube_cyl(w,l,rect_h,dia, ht)

{

dh = 0.5;

echo(w = w, l = l, h = ht);

echo(rect_l = rect_l, rect_w = rect_w, rect_h = rect_h);

hull()

{

cube([w,l, dh], center=true);

translate ([0,0,ht]) cylinder (d=dia, h=0.5, $fn=fn);

}

translate ([0,0,-rect_h/2])cube([w,l,rect_h], center=true);

translate ([0,0,ht+rim_ht/2])cylinder(h=rim_ht, d=dia, center=true, $fn=fn);

}

difference ()

{

cube_cyl(rect_w,rect_l, rect_h, cyl_od,ht);

color("green")

// translate ([0,0,-0.5])cube_cyl(rect_w-th,rect_l-th,rect_h+th, cyl_id,ht+1);

translate ([0,0,0])cube_cyl(rect_w-th,rect_l-th,rect_h+th, cyl_id,ht+1);

}

//07/13/21 flap ensures only one cap at a time into dispensing cavity

translate ([0,-rect_l/6,0])cube([rect_w,2*rect_l/3,1], center=true);

The above code and parameter set produced the following model:

The cylindrical shape at the top just accepts a 56mm diameter bottle cap. The above model was converted to an STL file and then imported into TinkerCad, where it was mated with the dispensing drawer. Then the entire thing was printed in one go using my Prusa MK3S 3D printer, as shown below:

Prusa Slicer 2.3.0 showing ‘sliced’ model with supports, ready to print. This print takes about 3.5 hours.

After the print finishes, the support material between the drawer collar and the drawer itself has to be removed manually with an Exacto knife. This is a bit of a PITA, but worth it to have the entire thing printed as a single piece. The photo below shows the finished product.

30 August 2021 Update:

I just recently acquired a Flashforge Creator Pro 2 dual-independent extruder printer to replace the MakerGear M3-ID I sold on eBay for about a third of what I paid for it. Even after a year and a half of diligent work, I could NOT get the M3-ID to print with dissolvable filament worth a damn. I tried everything, including a brand-new roll of PVA filament and adding a BuilTak removable build plate system (see this post). I even ordered the 3D upFitters enclosure for the M3-ID, but came to my senses before I assembled and installed it. After some more web research, I came across the FlashForge Creator Pro 2 IDEX (FFCP2) system, available for about 1/4 the price of the M3-ID, and this printer came with glowing YouTube recommendations from many reputable 3D printer enthusiasts. After receiving my FFCP2 and setting it up, I was able to print the above pill/caplet dispenser design using PLA for the structure and PVA dissolvable filament for the support material. The result was a very high-quality build and the support material dissolved out after just a few hours in warm water – YAY!

Stay tuned,

Frank

ILI9341-Based Digital Clock Project

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A while ago, the clock/time display on our microwave started having problems; it’s a 7-segment vacuum-flourescent display, and a couple of the segments a no longer lighting up. Instead of “End”, we now see “Erd”, and the clock is getting harder to read. The microwave itself is still running fine, but because this particular display is our primary time display in the house (aside from our phones), not having a good clock display is annoying.

I investigated getting the appropriate repair part for the display, but that module costs more than the entire microwave did originally, so that didn’t seem like a practical idea. And while I can get a cheap stick-on clock for just a few bucks, what’s the fun in that?

So, I’m in the middle of a design project to build a digital clock to replace the one on the microwave. At first I built up a clock using a Teensy 3.2 and one of my spare Nokia 5110 LCD displays, but that turned out not to be very practical, as the display is basically unreadable from more than just a few feet away, with or without backlighting.

So, I started looking around for better displays, and ran across the ILI9341 TFT display with a touch-sensitive screen. Even better, this was available with Teensy-optimized drivers, as shown here – what a deal! I started thinking that with a touch-sensitive screen, I might be able to implement some on-screen buttons for setting the time, which would be way cool!

So, I ordered two of these displays from PJRC, and started working on the design. Here’s the initial schematic

Here’s my initial breadboard setup:

Teensy 3.2 in foreground, Adafruit DS3231 RTC in background, ILI9341 TFT touch display

I originally used the Arial proportional font provided by the library, but I discovered that it produced bad artifacts after a few hours, as shown below: The only way to avoid these artifacts is to refresh the entire screen on every pass through the 1-second timing loop, which causes a very annoying ‘blink’. Eventually I figured this out, and changed to a non-proportional font, as shown below;

Non-proportional font looks worse, but doesn’t suffer from artifacts

Once I got everything working (well, except for the touch screen stuff that I plan to add later), I fabricated a nice box using Open SCAD and TinkerCad, and made a more permanent version using a half-sized ‘perma-proto’ board, as shown below

Here’s the more-or-less final schematic

7 March 2021 Update:

After a long and somewhat agonizing journey, I finally got the touch-screen stuff working, so I can now adjust the time on my digital clock using on-screen touch-sensitive controls. Here’s the updated schematic:

The only real difference between this one and the previous schematic is the T_IRQ line is no longer connected; the Teensy-optimized XPT2046_Touchscreen.h/cpp library doesn’t use it.

Here’s a short video showing how the touch-screen enabled time/date adjustment feature works:

Although I hope to clean up this code considerably in the future, I include it here in it’s entirety in it’s current state

/*
    Name:       Teensy_LCDClockV3.ino
    Created:	3/2/2021 1:37:22 PM
    Author:     FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

    This version adds date/time adjustment using touch screen
*/

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
#include "elapsedMillis.h"
#include "CustomBox.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS
//****************************************************************************
// Settings and objects
//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS
//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html
#define TFT_DC  9
#define TFT_CS 10
#define TFT_RST 7
#define TFT_SCK 13
#define TFT_MISO 12
#define TFT_MOSI 11
#define TOUCH_CS  8
#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);
ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;
const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS
// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size
#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240
#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320
#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600
#define TS_MINY 600
#define TS_MAXX 3758
#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;
const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;
const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";
const int nextstr_width = 70;
const int nextstr_height = 20;
const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;
const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;
const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;
const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;
const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;
const int TIME_BOX_Y = 98;
const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;
const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 74;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;
const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 90;
const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 35;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 30;
const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(100, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(210, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(70, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox DayHighlightBox(120, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox YearHighlightBox(180, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 2*DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState
{
  ADJ_NONE = 0,
  ADJ_HOUR,
  ADJ_MIN,
  ADJ_SEC,
  ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,
  ADJ_MONTH,
  ADJ_DAY,
  ADJ_YEAR
};

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;


const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout
#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters


#pragma region RTC Support
#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
DateTime now, lastTime;
char buffer[100];
int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp
{
  unsigned long mSec;
  byte RTC_Status;
};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68   ///< I2C address for DS3231
#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10
#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100
tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];


#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);

  Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION
  Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

  tft.begin();
  // Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value
  // the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays
  // can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz
  //  tft.setClock(60000000);
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.setRotation(1);
#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS
#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

  // read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)
  uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);
  Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);
  Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);
  Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);
  Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);
  Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

  Serial.println(F("Benchmark                Time (microseconds)"));

  Serial.print(F("Screen fill              "));
  Serial.println(testFillScreen());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Text                     "));
  Serial.println(testText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Proportional Text        "));
  Serial.println(testProportionalText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Lines                    "));
  Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines         "));
  Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline)     "));
  Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled)      "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Circles (filled)         "));
  Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

  Serial.print(F("Circles (outline)        "));
  Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline)      "));
  Serial.println(testTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled)       "));
  Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline)  "));
  Serial.println(testRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled)   "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.println(F("Done!"));
#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS
#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");
  tft.println("Initializing RTC...");
  delay(1000);

  if (!rtc.begin())
  {
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }

  bool lp = rtc.lostPower();
  Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);
  delay(1000);
  if (rtc.lostPower())
  {
    Serial.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    tft.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");

    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
  }

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME
  Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");
  // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
  rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
#endif // 

  //DateTime now = rtc.now();
  now = rtc.now();
  //char buffer[100];
  memset(buffer, '\0', 100);
  GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);
  Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");
  Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);
#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP


  //DEBUG!!
    //tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");
    //rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));
  //DEBUG!!

    //02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh
  now = rtc.now();
  lasthour = now.hour();
  mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()
}


void loop(void)
{

  //Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);
  delay(100);

  //see if there is a touch anywhere
  if (ts.touched())
  {
    mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

    while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)
    {
      //Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);
      
      TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point
      if (Tp.z > 1000)
      {
        mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog
        TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

        CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);
        //Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)CurAdjState);

        if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
        {
          ShowLongTimeDisplay();
          ShowAdjButtons();
        }
      }
    }

    HideButtons();
    HideHighlightBars();
    ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    ShowDateDisplay();
    CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;
  }


  if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)
  {
    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;
    now = rtc.now();
    
    ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

    //Display time
    if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
    {
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
    }
    else
    {
      ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    }
  }
}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS
void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();
  //mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()
  int myday = dt.day();
  int mymonth = dt.month();
  int myyear = dt.year();
  int myhour = dt.hour();
  int mymin = dt.minute();
  int mysec = dt.second();
  char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

  sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);
}


void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int hourval = dt.hour();
  if (hourval > 12)
  {
    hourval -= 12;
  }

  //sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);
  sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);
}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());
}
#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)
{
  AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;
  DateTime newtime;
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  //int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day, new_year;
  int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day;

  //Serial.printf("In GetCurAdjState with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

  switch (CurAdjState)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
    }
    else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_HOUR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() + 1;
      if (new_hour >= 24)
      {
        new_hour -= 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() - 1;
      if (new_hour < 0)
      {
        new_hour += 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MIN;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MIN case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() + 1;
      if (new_minute >= 60)
      {
        new_minute = 0;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute() - 1);
      Serial.printf("ADJ_HOUR case in DoMinusOp().  Decrementing Hour Value\n");
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", newtime.day(), newtime.month(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_SEC;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_SEC case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MONTH case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() + 1;
      if (new_month > 12)
      {
        new_month -= 12;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() - 1;
      new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_DAY;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_DAY case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = now.day() - 1;
      new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_YEAR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }

  //Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);
  return adjstate ;
}

#pragma region Helper Functions
TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)
{
  //Purpose:  Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system
  //Inputs:
  //  Rotation value
  //  Mapping values
  //  TS_Point from touch chip
  //Outputs:
  //  TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates
  //Plan:
  //  Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //  Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();
  TS_Point Dp;
  //Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account
#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1
  Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());
  Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());
#else
#endif

  ////DEBUG!!
  //Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
  //  millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);
  ////DEBUG!!

  return Dp;
}

void ShowAdjButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, '+', ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, '-', ILI9341_BLACK);

  //03/04/21 getTextBounds() reports wrong info - use 70w x 20 tall
  int txt_x = NEXTBOX_X + round((float)(NEXTBOX_WIDTH / 2.)) - round((float)(70 / 2.));
  int txt_y = NEXTBOX_Y + round((float)(NEXTBOX_HEIGHT / 2.)) - round((float)(20 / 2.));
  tft.setCursor(txt_x, txt_y);
  tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_BLACK);
  String boxstr = "NEXT";
  NextBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.print(boxstr);
}

void HideButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setTextSize(10);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());
}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  //tft.setTextSize(10);
  tft.setTextSize(6);
  tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_BLACK);
  //tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());
}


void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)
{
  switch (adjstate)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");
    HideHighlightBars();
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    HideHighlightBars();
    SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    HideHighlightBars();
    DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
}

void HideHighlightBars()
{
  tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowDateDisplay()
{
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  DateBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",
    daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());
}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)
{
  if (day > aDaysInMonth[month-1])
  {
    Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month-1] );
    return 1;
  }
  else
  {
    return day;
  }
}
#pragma endregion Helper Functions

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Name: Teensy_LCDClockV3.ino

Created: 3/2/2021 1:37:22 PM

Author: FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

This version adds date/time adjustment using touch screen

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include "RTClib.h"

#include "elapsedMillis.h"

#include "CustomBox.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS

//****************************************************************************

// Settings and objects

//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html

#define TFT_DC 9

#define TFT_CS 10

#define TFT_RST 7

#define TFT_SCK 13

#define TFT_MISO 12

#define TFT_MOSI 11

#define TOUCH_CS 8

#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);

ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;

const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS

// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size

#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240

#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320

#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600

#define TS_MINY 600

#define TS_MAXX 3758

#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;

const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;

const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";

const int nextstr_width = 70;

const int nextstr_height = 20;

const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;

const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;

const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;

const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;

const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;

const int TIME_BOX_Y = 98;

const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;

const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 74;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;

const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 90;

const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 35;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 30;

const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(100, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(210, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(70, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox DayHighlightBox(120, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox YearHighlightBox(180, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 2*DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState

{

ADJ_NONE = 0,

ADJ_HOUR,

ADJ_MIN,

ADJ_SEC,

ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,

ADJ_MONTH,

ADJ_DAY,

ADJ_YEAR

};

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout

#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters

#pragma region RTC Support

#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

DateTime now, lastTime;

char buffer[100];

int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp

{

unsigned long mSec;

byte RTC_Status;

};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68 ///< I2C address for DS3231

#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10

#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100

tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];

#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(3000);

Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

tft.begin();

// Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value

// the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays

// can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz

// tft.setClock(60000000);

tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setTextSize(2);

tft.setRotation(1);

#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

// read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)

uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);

Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);

Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);

Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);

Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);

Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));

Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));

Serial.println(testFillScreen());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Text "));

Serial.println(testText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Proportional Text "));

Serial.println(testProportionalText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Lines "));

Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));

Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");

tft.println("Initializing RTC...");

delay(1000);

if (!rtc.begin())

{

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");

while (1);

}

bool lp = rtc.lostPower();

Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);

delay(1000);

if (rtc.lostPower())

{

Serial.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

}

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME

Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

#endif //

//DateTime now = rtc.now();

now = rtc.now();

//char buffer[100];

memset(buffer, '\0', 100);

GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);

Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");

Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);

#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP

//DEBUG!!

//tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");

//rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));

//DEBUG!!

//02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh

now = rtc.now();

lasthour = now.hour();

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()

}

void loop(void)

{

//Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);

delay(100);

//see if there is a touch anywhere

if (ts.touched())

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)

{

//Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point

if (Tp.z > 1000)

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);

//Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)CurAdjState);

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

ShowAdjButtons();

}

HideButtons();

HideHighlightBars();

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

ShowDateDisplay();

CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;

}

if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)

{

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;

now = rtc.now();

ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

//Display time

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

}

else

{

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();

//mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()

int myday = dt.day();

int mymonth = dt.month();

int myyear = dt.year();

int myhour = dt.hour();

int mymin = dt.minute();

int mysec = dt.second();

char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);

}

void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int hourval = dt.hour();

if (hourval > 12)

{

hourval -= 12;

}

//sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);

sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);

}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());

}

#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)

{

AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;

DateTime newtime;

DateTime now = rtc.now();

//int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day, new_year;

int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day;

//Serial.printf("In GetCurAdjState with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

switch (CurAdjState)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

}

else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

}

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_HOUR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() + 1;

if (new_hour >= 24)

{

new_hour -= 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() - 1;

if (new_hour < 0)

{

new_hour += 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MIN case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() + 1;

if (new_minute >= 60)

{

new_minute = 0;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute() - 1);

Serial.printf("ADJ_HOUR case in DoMinusOp(). Decrementing Hour Value\n");

Serial.printf("Old time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());

Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", newtime.day(), newtime.month(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_SEC case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MONTH case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() + 1;

if (new_month > 12)

{

new_month -= 12;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() - 1;

new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_DAY case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = now.day() - 1;

new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_YEAR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

default:

break;

}

//Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);

return adjstate ;

}

#pragma region Helper Functions

TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)

{

//Purpose: Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system

//Inputs:

// Rotation value

// Mapping values

// TS_Point from touch chip

//Outputs:

// TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates

//Plan:

// Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

// Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

//TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();

TS_Point Dp;

//Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());

Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());

#else

#endif

////DEBUG!!

//Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",

// millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);

////DEBUG!!

return Dp;

}

void ShowAdjButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, '+', ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, '-', ILI9341_BLACK);

//03/04/21 getTextBounds() reports wrong info - use 70w x 20 tall

int txt_x = NEXTBOX_X + round((float)(NEXTBOX_WIDTH / 2.)) - round((float)(70 / 2.));

int txt_y = NEXTBOX_Y + round((float)(NEXTBOX_HEIGHT / 2.)) - round((float)(20 / 2.));

tft.setCursor(txt_x, txt_y);

tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_BLACK);

String boxstr = "NEXT";

NextBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.print(boxstr);

}

void HideButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setTextSize(10);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());

}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

//tft.setTextSize(10);

tft.setTextSize(6);

tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_BLACK);

//tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());

}

void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)

{

switch (adjstate)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");

HideHighlightBars();

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

HideHighlightBars();

HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

HideHighlightBars();

MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

HideHighlightBars();

SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

HideHighlightBars();

MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

HideHighlightBars();

DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

HideHighlightBars();

YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

default:

break;

}

void HideHighlightBars()

{

tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowDateDisplay()

{

DateTime now = rtc.now();

DateBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",

daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());

}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)

{

if (day > aDaysInMonth[month-1])

{

Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month-1] );

return 1;

}

else

{

return day;

}

#pragma endregion Helper Functions

#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_	
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox
{
public:
	int x;
	int y;
private:
	int w;
	int h;
	int color;
public:
	CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);
	bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);
};


CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = 0;
	y = 0;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = in_x;
	y = in_y;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox
//{
//private:
//	char boxtext[6];
//public:
//	CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);
//};
//
//
//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
//{
//	x = in_x;
//	y = in_y;
//	w = in_w;
//	h = in_h;
//	color = in_color;
//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	if (size==0)
	{
		size = round((float)h / 10.);
	}
	int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);
	//int char_x = x;
	disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->print(txt);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)
{
	Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	//disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);
	disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);
}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box
	//Inputs:
	//  in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates
	//  box location & dimensions
	//Outputs:
	//  true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region.  Othewise, false

	//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
	//	in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

	return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);
}

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#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox

{

public:

int x;

int y;

private:

int w;

int h;

int color;

public:

CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);

bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);

};

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = 0;

y = 0;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = in_x;

y = in_y;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox

//{

//private:

// char boxtext[6];

//public:

// CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);

//};

//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

//{

// x = in_x;

// y = in_y;

// w = in_w;

// h = in_h;

// color = in_color;

//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

if (size==0)

{

size = round((float)h / 10.);

}

int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);

//int char_x = x;

disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->print(txt);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)

{

Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

//disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);

disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);

}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)

{

//Purpose: Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box

//Inputs:

// in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates

// box location & dimensions

//Outputs:

// true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region. Othewise, false

//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",

// in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);

}

10 March 2021 Update:

After getting all of the above to work, I decided to re-tackle the proportional fonts issue. In my first attempt, I had used the ‘ILI9341_t3’ version of the ILI9341 Teensy library, and there is a newer ‘ILI9341_t3n‘ version out now. So, I modified one of the example programs (unfortunately still written for the old library) to be compatible and got proportional fonts (well, just the Arial one) working on the display.

After several hours of running this example with no apparent artifacts or problems, I decided to update my complete clock program to use the Arial font. After making the modifications and running it overnight, the time & date displays were still rock-solid the next day, as shown in the following photo – YAY!!

So now all that is left to do is to upload the new Arial-based code (with the time background color switched back to ‘black’) to my ‘working’ clock module, sit back and enjoy the proportional font display.

14 July 2021 Update:

I noticed that my clock had some ‘issues’ with time/date adjustments, so I ‘put it back in the shop’ for some additional TLC. While I was at it, I noticed that the system schematic didn’t include the DS3231 (hard to have a clock without a RTC!), so I updated it as well. Here’s the updated schematic.

The updates made were to make the time/date adjustments more robust. The updated code is included in its entirety below. First the main program:

/*
    Name:       Teensy_LCDClockV4.ino
    Created:	3/9/2021 11:12:31 AM
    Author:     FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

    This project was cloned from Teensy_LCDClockV3 to re-investigate the use of proportional fonts
*/

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
#include "elapsedMillis.h"
#include "CustomBox.h"
#include "ili9341_t3n_font_Arial.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS
//****************************************************************************
// Settings and objects
//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS
//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html
#define TFT_DC  9
#define TFT_CS 10
#define TFT_RST 7
#define TFT_SCK 13
#define TFT_MISO 12
#define TFT_MOSI 11
#define TOUCH_CS  8
#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);
ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;
const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS
// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size
#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240
#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320
#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600
#define TS_MINY 600
#define TS_MAXX 3758
#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;
const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;
const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";
const int nextstr_width = 70;
const int nextstr_height = 20;
const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;
const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;
const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;
const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;
const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;
const int TIME_BOX_Y = 82;
const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;
const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 80;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;
const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 75;
const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 40;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 40;
const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(20, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(120, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(230, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(72, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox DayHighlightBox(132, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox YearHighlightBox(178, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 90, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState
{
  ADJ_NONE = 0,
  ADJ_HOUR,
  ADJ_MIN,
  ADJ_SEC,
  ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,
  ADJ_MONTH,
  ADJ_DAY,
  ADJ_YEAR
};

const char AdjValNameArray[8][9] = { "ADJ_NONE", "ADJ_HOUR", "ADJ_MIN", "ADJ_SEC", "ADJ_DOW", "ADJ_MNTH", "ADJ_DAY", "ADJ_YEAR" };

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;


const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout
#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters


#pragma region RTC Support
#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
DateTime now, lastTime;
char buffer[100];
int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp
{
  unsigned long mSec;
  byte RTC_Status;
};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68   ///< I2C address for DS3231
#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10
#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100
tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];


#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);

  Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION
  Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

  tft.begin();
  // Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value
  // the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays
  // can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz
  //  tft.setClock(60000000);
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.setRotation(1);
#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS
#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

  // read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)
  uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);
  Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);
  Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);
  Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);
  Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);
  Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

  Serial.println(F("Benchmark                Time (microseconds)"));

  Serial.print(F("Screen fill              "));
  Serial.println(testFillScreen());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Text                     "));
  Serial.println(testText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Proportional Text        "));
  Serial.println(testProportionalText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Lines                    "));
  Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines         "));
  Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline)     "));
  Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled)      "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Circles (filled)         "));
  Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

  Serial.print(F("Circles (outline)        "));
  Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline)      "));
  Serial.println(testTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled)       "));
  Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline)  "));
  Serial.println(testRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled)   "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.println(F("Done!"));
#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS
#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");
  //tft.println("Initializing RTC...");
  delay(1000);

  if (!rtc.begin())
  {
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }

  bool lp = rtc.lostPower();
  Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);
  delay(1000);
  if (rtc.lostPower())
  {
    Serial.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    tft.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");

    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
  }

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME
  Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");
  // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
  rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
#endif // 

  //DateTime now = rtc.now();
  now = rtc.now();
  memset(buffer, '\0', 100);
  GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);
  Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");
  Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);
#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP


  //DEBUG!!
    //tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");
    //rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));
  //DEBUG!!

    //02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh
  now = rtc.now();
  lasthour = now.hour();
  mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()
}


void loop(void)
{

  //Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);
  delay(100);

  //see if there is a touch anywhere
  if (ts.touched())
  {
    mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

    while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)
    {
      //Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

      TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point
      if (Tp.z > 1000)
      {
        mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog
        TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

        CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);
        Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %s\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, AdjValNameArray[(int)CurAdjState]);

        if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
        {
          ShowLongTimeDisplay();
          ShowAdjButtons();
        }
      }
    }

    HideButtons();
    HideHighlightBars();
    ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    ShowDateDisplay();
    CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;
  }


  if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)
  {
    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;
    now = rtc.now();

    ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

    //Display time
    if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
    {
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
    }
    else
    {
      ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    }
  }
}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS
void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();
  //mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()
  int myday = dt.day();
  int mymonth = dt.month();
  int myyear = dt.year();
  int myhour = dt.hour();
  int mymin = dt.minute();
  int mysec = dt.second();
  char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

  sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);
}


void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int hourval = dt.hour();
  if (hourval > 12)
  {
    hourval -= 12;
  }

  //sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);
  sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);
}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());
}
#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)
{
  AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;
  DateTime newtime;
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  int new_hour = 0; int new_minute = 0; int new_month = 0; int new_day = 0;
  int cur_day = 0; //added 07/13/21

  //Serial.printf("In AdjustTimeAndDate with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

  switch (CurAdjState)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
    }
    else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_HOUR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() + 1;
      if (new_hour >= 24)
      {
        new_hour -= 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() - 1;
      if (new_hour < 0)
      {
        new_hour += 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MIN;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MIN case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() + 1;
      if (new_minute >= 60)
      {
        new_minute = 0;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %2d:%2d\n", newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("ADJ_MIN case in DoMinusOp().  Decrementing Minute Value\n");
      Serial.printf("Old time is %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(),now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() - 1;
      if (new_minute < 0)
      {
        Serial.printf("adjusting for 00/59 rollover\n");
        new_minute = 59;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute);
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'decrement' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_SEC;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_SEC case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

    //both PLUS & MINUS operations simply reset seconds to zero
    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH: //07/13/21 rev to watch for next/prev month max days
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MONTH case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() + 1;
      if (new_month > 12)
      {
        new_month = 1; //07/13/21 bugfix
      }

      //07/13/21 have to adjust if current dayval > max for new month
      cur_day = now.day();

      if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])
      {
        Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);
        new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];
      }
      else
      {
        new_day = cur_day;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() - 1;
      /*new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month; */
      if (new_month <= 0)
      {
        new_month = 12; //no need to check max days, as feb max is 28 and dec max is 31
      }
      else
      {
        //have to check max days for new month
        cur_day = now.day();
        if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])
        {
          Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);
          new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];
        }
        else new_day = cur_day;
      }

      //newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_DAY;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_DAY case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = now.day() - 1;
      new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_YEAR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }

  //Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);
  return adjstate;
}

#pragma region Helper Functions
TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)
{
  //Purpose:  Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system
  //Inputs:
  //  Rotation value
  //  Mapping values
  //  TS_Point from touch chip
  //Outputs:
  //  TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates
  //Plan:
  //  Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //  Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();
  TS_Point Dp;
  //Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account
#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1
  Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());
  Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());
#else
#endif

  ////DEBUG!!
  //Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
  //  millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);
  ////DEBUG!!

  return Dp;
}

void ShowAdjButtons()
{
  Serial.printf("In ShowAdjButtons\n");
  HideButtons();

  //03/13/21 new centering feature works great!
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, "NEXT", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_20, true);
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, "+", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, "-", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);
}

void HideButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setFont(Arial_72);
  tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature
  tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());
}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature
  tft.setFont(Arial_60);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());
}


void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)
{
  switch (adjstate)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");
    HideHighlightBars();
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    HideHighlightBars();
    SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    HideHighlightBars();
    DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
}

void HideHighlightBars()
{
  tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowDateDisplay()
{
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  DateBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  //tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.setFont(Arial_28);
  tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",
    daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());
}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)
{
  //Notes:
  //  07/13/21 rev to handle negative day values
  if (day > aDaysInMonth[month - 1])
  {
    Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month - 1]);
    return 1;
  }
  //07/13/21 bugfix
  else if (day <= 0)
  {
    int newdaynum = aDaysInMonth[month - 1];
    Serial.printf("%d is <= 0: set to max days (%d) for this month\n", day, newdaynum);
    return newdaynum;
  }
  else
  {
    return day;
  }
}
#pragma endregion Helper Functions

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Name: Teensy_LCDClockV4.ino

Created: 3/9/2021 11:12:31 AM

Author: FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

This project was cloned from Teensy_LCDClockV3 to re-investigate the use of proportional fonts

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include "RTClib.h"

#include "elapsedMillis.h"

#include "CustomBox.h"

#include "ili9341_t3n_font_Arial.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS

//****************************************************************************

// Settings and objects

//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html

#define TFT_DC 9

#define TFT_CS 10

#define TFT_RST 7

#define TFT_SCK 13

#define TFT_MISO 12

#define TFT_MOSI 11

#define TOUCH_CS 8

#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);

ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;

const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS

// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size

#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240

#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320

#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600

#define TS_MINY 600

#define TS_MAXX 3758

#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;

const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;

const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";

const int nextstr_width = 70;

const int nextstr_height = 20;

const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;

const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;

const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;

const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;

const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;

const int TIME_BOX_Y = 82;

const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;

const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 80;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;

const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 75;

const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 40;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 40;

const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(20, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(120, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(230, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(72, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox DayHighlightBox(132, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox YearHighlightBox(178, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 90, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState

{

ADJ_NONE = 0,

ADJ_HOUR,

ADJ_MIN,

ADJ_SEC,

ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,

ADJ_MONTH,

ADJ_DAY,

ADJ_YEAR

};

const char AdjValNameArray[8][9] = { "ADJ_NONE", "ADJ_HOUR", "ADJ_MIN", "ADJ_SEC", "ADJ_DOW", "ADJ_MNTH", "ADJ_DAY", "ADJ_YEAR" };

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout

#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters

#pragma region RTC Support

#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

DateTime now, lastTime;

char buffer[100];

int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp

{

unsigned long mSec;

byte RTC_Status;

};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68 ///< I2C address for DS3231

#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10

#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100

tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];

#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(3000);

Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

tft.begin();

// Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value

// the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays

// can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz

// tft.setClock(60000000);

tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setTextSize(2);

tft.setRotation(1);

#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

// read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)

uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);

Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);

Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);

Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);

Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);

Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));

Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));

Serial.println(testFillScreen());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Text "));

Serial.println(testText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Proportional Text "));

Serial.println(testProportionalText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Lines "));

Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));

Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");

//tft.println("Initializing RTC...");

delay(1000);

if (!rtc.begin())

{

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");

while (1);

}

bool lp = rtc.lostPower();

Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);

delay(1000);

if (rtc.lostPower())

{

Serial.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

}

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME

Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

#endif //

//DateTime now = rtc.now();

now = rtc.now();

memset(buffer, '\0', 100);

GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);

Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");

Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);

#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP

//DEBUG!!

//tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");

//rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));

//DEBUG!!

//02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh

now = rtc.now();

lasthour = now.hour();

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()

}

void loop(void)

{

//Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);

delay(100);

//see if there is a touch anywhere

if (ts.touched())

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)

{

//Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point

if (Tp.z > 1000)

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);

Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %s\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, AdjValNameArray[(int)CurAdjState]);

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

ShowAdjButtons();

}

HideButtons();

HideHighlightBars();

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

ShowDateDisplay();

CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;

}

if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)

{

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;

now = rtc.now();

ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

//Display time

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

}

else

{

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();

//mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()

int myday = dt.day();

int mymonth = dt.month();

int myyear = dt.year();

int myhour = dt.hour();

int mymin = dt.minute();

int mysec = dt.second();

char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);

}

void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int hourval = dt.hour();

if (hourval > 12)

{

hourval -= 12;

}

//sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);

sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);

}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());

}

#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)

{

AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;

DateTime newtime;

DateTime now = rtc.now();

int new_hour = 0; int new_minute = 0; int new_month = 0; int new_day = 0;

int cur_day = 0; //added 07/13/21

//Serial.printf("In AdjustTimeAndDate with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

switch (CurAdjState)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

}

else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

}

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_HOUR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() + 1;

if (new_hour >= 24)

{

new_hour -= 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() - 1;

if (new_hour < 0)

{

new_hour += 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MIN case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() + 1;

if (new_minute >= 60)

{

new_minute = 0;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %2d:%2d\n", newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("ADJ_MIN case in DoMinusOp(). Decrementing Minute Value\n");

Serial.printf("Old time is %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(),now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() - 1;

if (new_minute < 0)

{

Serial.printf("adjusting for 00/59 rollover\n");

new_minute = 59;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute);

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'decrement' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_SEC case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

//both PLUS & MINUS operations simply reset seconds to zero

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH: //07/13/21 rev to watch for next/prev month max days

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MONTH case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() + 1;

if (new_month > 12)

{

new_month = 1; //07/13/21 bugfix

}

//07/13/21 have to adjust if current dayval > max for new month

cur_day = now.day();

if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);

new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];

}

else

{

new_day = cur_day;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() - 1;

/*new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month; */

if (new_month <= 0)

{

new_month = 12; //no need to check max days, as feb max is 28 and dec max is 31

}

else

{

//have to check max days for new month

cur_day = now.day();

if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);

new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];

}

else new_day = cur_day;

}

//newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_DAY case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = now.day() - 1;

new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_YEAR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

default:

break;

}

//Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);

return adjstate;

}

#pragma region Helper Functions

TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)

{

//Purpose: Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system

//Inputs:

// Rotation value

// Mapping values

// TS_Point from touch chip

//Outputs:

// TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates

//Plan:

// Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

// Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

//TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();

TS_Point Dp;

//Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());

Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());

#else

#endif

////DEBUG!!

//Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",

// millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);

////DEBUG!!

return Dp;

}

void ShowAdjButtons()

{

Serial.printf("In ShowAdjButtons\n");

HideButtons();

//03/13/21 new centering feature works great!

NextBox.Draw(&tft, "NEXT", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_20, true);

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, "+", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, "-", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);

}

void HideButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setFont(Arial_72);

tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature

tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());

}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature

tft.setFont(Arial_60);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());

}

void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)

{

switch (adjstate)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");

HideHighlightBars();

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

HideHighlightBars();

HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

HideHighlightBars();

MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

HideHighlightBars();

SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

HideHighlightBars();

MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

HideHighlightBars();

DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

HideHighlightBars();

YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

default:

break;

}

void HideHighlightBars()

{

tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowDateDisplay()

{

DateTime now = rtc.now();

DateBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

//tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.setFont(Arial_28);

tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",

daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());

}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)

{

//Notes:

// 07/13/21 rev to handle negative day values

if (day > aDaysInMonth[month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month - 1]);

return 1;

}

//07/13/21 bugfix

else if (day <= 0)

{

int newdaynum = aDaysInMonth[month - 1];

Serial.printf("%d is <= 0: set to max days (%d) for this month\n", day, newdaynum);

return newdaynum;

}

else

{

return day;

}

#pragma endregion Helper Functions

And then the ‘CustomBox’ class file (no .cpp file – everything is in the .h file)

#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_	
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox
{
public:
	int x;
	int y;
private:
	int w;
	int h;
	int color;
public:
	CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);
	bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);
};


CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = 0;
	y = 0;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = in_x;
	y = in_y;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)
{
	int txt_x = x;
	int txt_y = y;
	disp->setFont(font);
	if (centered)
	{
		txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));
		txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));
	}

	Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)
{
	int txt_x = x;
	int txt_y = y;
	disp->setFont(font);
	if (centered)
	{
		txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));
		txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));
	}

	//Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);
	disp->print(txt);
}


//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox
//{
//private:
//	char boxtext[6];
//public:
//	CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);
//};
//
//
//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
//{
//	x = in_x;
//	y = in_y;
//	w = in_w;
//	h = in_h;
//	color = in_color;
//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	if (size==0)
	{
		size = round((float)h / 10.);
	}
	int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);
	//int char_x = x;
	disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->print(txt);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)
{
	Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	//disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);
	//disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);
	disp->drawString(buff, strlen(buff), x, y); //03/09/21 in latest library version drawString1 was made into an overload of drawString
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);
}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box
	//Inputs:
	//  in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates
	//  box location & dimensions
	//Outputs:
	//  true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region.  Othewise, false

	//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
	//	in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

	return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);
}

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#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox

{

public:

int x;

int y;

private:

int w;

int h;

int color;

public:

CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);

bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);

};

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = 0;

y = 0;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = in_x;

y = in_y;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)

{

int txt_x = x;

int txt_y = y;

disp->setFont(font);

if (centered)

{

txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));

txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));

}

Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)

{

int txt_x = x;

int txt_y = y;

disp->setFont(font);

if (centered)

{

txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));

txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));

}

//Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);

disp->print(txt);

}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox

//{

//private:

// char boxtext[6];

//public:

// CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);

//};

//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

//{

// x = in_x;

// y = in_y;

// w = in_w;

// h = in_h;

// color = in_color;

//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

if (size==0)

{

size = round((float)h / 10.);

}

int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);

//int char_x = x;

disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->print(txt);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)

{

Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

//disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);

//disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);

disp->drawString(buff, strlen(buff), x, y); //03/09/21 in latest library version drawString1 was made into an overload of drawString

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);

}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)

{

//Purpose: Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box

//Inputs:

// in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates

// box location & dimensions

//Outputs:

// true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region. Othewise, false

//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",

// in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);

}

Stay tuned,

Frank

MakerGear MK3-ID BuildTak FlexPlate System Installation

1 Reply

I’ve had my MakerGear MK3-ID for a year or so now, along with a Prusa MK3S. The Prusa MK3S with it’s removable flexible build plate is my ‘go to’ printer for almost everything that can be done with a single extruder. The flexible build plate is wonderful – it makes printing so much easier. Fortunately there is now a comparable option for the MakerGear M3-ID – BuildTak’s 8×10 FlexPlate System. I was able to find the correct size system for my M3-IE at Partsbuilt 3D and it arrived in just a few days (unfortunately with Ohio state tax applied as both the company and I are in the same state). This system makes a HUGE improvement in the ease of printing with the M3-ID, and consequently make it a much more appealing alternative to printing everything on my Prusa. Here’s a photo of the FlexPlate base on my M3-ID.

However, there were a few ‘gotcha’s’ during the installation, necessitating some modifications to the M3-ID.

The stock M3-ID comes with a 4mm glass build plate, mounted on top of the heating element, and held down with screw-down rotating clamps at each corner . There’s no need to keep the glass build plate with the BuildTak FlexPlate system, but the resulting 4mm gap means that the stock clamps will no longer hold the build plate down firmly (or at all, for that matter).
The FlexPlate system consists of a mounting plate with a number of embedded magnets that is affixed to the flat heating plate with an adhesive film, and a flexible steel build plate onto which the actual build surface (either a BuildTak or PEI sheet) is adhered. The steel build plate attaches magnetically to the mounting plate, and can be easily removed and flexed to pop the print off, a la the Prusa MKS system. However, it turns out that while the mounting plate with embedded magnets mounts quite nicely on the heated base, the 8×10″ steel build plate is just a smidge too large in both dimensions for easy mounting/dismounting. It tends to overhang in one or both dimensions, meaning that one corner rests atop its corner hold-down block, and then the plate isn’t quite flat. This problem could easily be fixed if the steel build plate was just a few millimeters smaller in both dimensions.
The Prusa MK3S has a simple and elegant way of achieving excellent physical registration of the flexible build plate when it is placed onto the printer. There are two small protruding posts (3 or 4mm screws, actually) at the rear of the print area, and the flexible plate is notched so that when it is placed against the screws, it lines up perfectly every time. There is no such physical registration feature on the M3-ID, so getting the plate down correctly so it isn’t overlapping one of the corner pieces is a bit of a PITA

So, I needed to make a couple of modifications to the M3-ID corner hold-down system. The idea was to make the build plate fit without binding, and to achieve better physical registration of the build plate when it is re-installed onto the M3-ID after popping off a print.

The first thing I did was simply place a couple of 3mm hex nuts under the hold-down clamp foot at each corner, filling the gap left by the 4mm glass build plate, as shown below.

2ea 3mm hex nuts under the hold-down clamp foot, replacing the thickness of the removed glass build plate

This worked – sorta – but it wasn’t very elegant and didn’t address the other issues, i.e. the flex plate interference, and the problem of physical registration. So, I started designing some alternate hold-down clamp and corner pieces to do a better job. The first effort was a modifed hold-down clamp, as shown below:

Modified hold-down clamp requires only 1ea 3mm hex nut spacer

The thing I love about 3D printing is that you can iterate through several designs rapidly and learning from each version. I usually go through half a dozen versions before getting where I want to go, but it is so cheap and fast that doing it this way is MUCH faster than trying to do a ‘moon-shot’ on-off solution (which generally doesn’t work anyway, due to some unknown unknown).

So, back to the drawing board (TinkerCad) and some more designs. I started with designs to replace the stock corner blocks, and after six revs, had the following final design

MakerGear M3-ID replacement corner blocks – V6A & B are left/right mirror images

and the final design for the hold-down clamp:

*MakerGear M3-ID replacement hold-down clamps – left/right mirror images*

Both the corner blocks and hold-down clamps were printed with left/right mirror images to match the mirror-image corner requirement.

After getting all the final versions printed up, I installed everything on the M3-ID, as shown below:

Here’s a short video showing me placing the flexplate onto the magnetic base, using the rear corner blocks for physical registration.

Me placing the BuildTak build plate onto the magnetic base

I’ve already made a number of prints with this system (all the corner blocks – about a dozen by the time I was through) and I have to say it’s like night and day compared to the hassle with my stock M3-ID. If you have a MakerGear M3-ID, this is a must-have!

I created a Thingiverse ‘thing’ with the final designs for the corner block and hold-down clamps.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Dewalt DWS713 Miter Saw Dust Port Vacuum Hose Adaptor

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My wife got me this really cool Dewalt DWS713 miter saw for Christmas this year, and I have been having fun pimping it out a bit. In a previous post I described how I added a cut shadow line LED light and control box, and this post describes how I added a 3D-printed coupler from the saw’s sawdust exhaust port to a small vacuum I keep in the shop for small cleanup jobs.

My first attempt at a coupler was a straight piece that connected on one side to the exhaust port, and on the other side to the rigid end of the vacuum hose, as shown below:

Unfortunately, I had neglected to consider what was going to happen when I actually tried to use the saw. As soon as I released the downlock and raised the saw, the coupler snapped when the rigid part of the vacuum hose ran up against items on my bench behind the saw – oops!

So, I started over again. I found the TinkerCad ‘bent pipe’ shape generator, and made a few versions that incorporated 45-60 deg bends into the rigid portion of the vacuum hose, but all of these suffered from the same problem with physical interference and cracking when the saw was raised. After some more head-scratching, I discovered I could remove the rigid end of the vacuum hose, leaving just the flexible part. As shown below, this particular vacuum has a detachable end piece that fits inside the flexible hose

Flexible hose connector. Note circular ribs.

So, I decided that I could replace the rigid piece from the end of the vacuum hose with a short coupling piece to connect the sawdust exhaust port directly to the flexible hose. As I normally do with complex projects, I started by printing a test piece – just the portion that couples to the flexible vacuum hose, as shown below:

Short piece to test the flexible hose coupling geometry

Once I had the flexible hose coupling geometry nailed, I did the same thing with the other end, and then connected the two coupling ends with a ‘curved pipe’ shape from TinkerCad, resulting (after a number of revisions) in the piece shown below:

As can be seen in the above screenshot, the final working version was version 10. One of the more wonderful things about 3D printing is the ability to make and discard multiple revisions – all it costs is a little time and a bit of very cheap filament. No need to hyperventilate over mistakes – just throw it away and try again!

The next few photos show the finished coupler installed on the miter saw.

I had uploaded the previous straight-line coupler to Thingiverse here, and I edited it to provide the new design as well

Stay tuned!

Frank

Lab Power Supply

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Posted 30 June 2020,

Almost exactly one year ago I ran across some posts regarding a very nice lab power supply regulator and display called the DPS500x power supply front-end. My existing linear style supply was getting a little long in the tooth, and ran out of gas pretty quickly above about 12V and 1A. So, I decided it was time to upgrade, and wound up with a very nice, lightweight well-performing unit. Unfortunately I forgot to document the project and when I recently wanted to point someone else to this nifty product, I didn’t have anything comprehensive to point to!

So, this post is a belated documentation post for the project.

There are three ‘big’ pieces (big in terms of importance, but not in actual size or weight) used in this project; the controller head itself, an appropriate housing, and a AC/DC power supply that will fit inside the housing

The DPS5005 50V 5A constant voltage/constant current digital controller head

This is a really neat little gadget that takes a DC power supply as input and steps it down to the desired output voltage using a highly efficient buck voltage converter technique, and applying some constant voltage/constant current magic to the output, all in a package that is maybe 40 x 60 x 30 mm. I got mine from Banggood.com, but they are available everywhere.

DPS5005 from Banggood

A suitable housing

In this case, an aluminum two-piece housing and hardware kit custom designed to house the DPS500x series of power supply controller heads. The upper and lower halves slide together via a tongue-and-groove arrangement, and is VERY well done. In addition, the housing has three sets of internal rails that make it easy to align/mount internal assemblies – NICE!

As the second photo above suggests, one suggested layout is to have an external 25-50V power supply connected to this piece, with basically nothing inside. However, I did some research and convinced myself that I could fit a small open-frame AC/DC power supply inside the housing and wind up with a complete unit, just with lower wattage.

An AC/DC power supply

I wanted one that could fit inside the housing between the front and back plates to provide the ‘raw’ DC voltage to the controller head. In the past I have used a number of Mean Well supplies and found them to be small, reliable, and cheap, so I started looking for a unit that could deliver 24V at 2A or greater (the most I thought I would need for a general-purpose bench-top power supply) while still fitting into the housing. After a bit of research, I found that the Mean Well EPS-65-24 24V 2.7A open-frame power supply would do the trick nicely, and was available from Mouser for $13.80

Side view of power supply with model number shown

With all the ‘big’ parts identified and ordered, there some smaller issues that needed to be addressed:

Custom 3D printed back panel:

Because I was planning to use an internal AC/DC power supply rather than an external one, I needed a panel-mounted AC plug instead of DC Banana plugs, and I wanted an AC ON/OFF switch as well. So using the basic dimensions and layout of the existing back panel, I designed a new one in TinkerCad to meet my needs. I found some designs for 40mm fan grills on thingiverse and used them to create a cutout directly into the back panel, and took the cutout dimensions for the power switch and AC plug from the manufacturer’s specs for the parts. When I was finished, I had a nice 3D printed panel as shown below:

TinkerCad back panel design

Custom back panel installed on power supply housing

Power Supply Mounting Rails:

The housing sports three sets of internal rails that can be used for parts mountings, so I designed and printed some ‘runners’ that would attache to the bottom of the power supply and mate with the internal rail geometry, as shown below:

3D-printed runners to mate with housing internal rail structures

Tilt Stand:

The finished power supply worked great, but it was so small and flat that it was difficult to get my fingers on the controls, so I designed and fabricated a custom tilt stand, as shown below

Front view showing tilt stand. Ignore the missing screw 😉

Miscellaneous:

Mean Well AC/DC power supply AC input connector:

Mean Well AC/DC power supply DC output connector:

HP style AC cord panel-mount receptacle:

AC Power switch: KCD3 T85 16A 250VAC, 20A 125VAC.

Here’s a link to the 3D print (STL) files for the tilt stand and the custom rear panel. If you don’t have access to a 3D printer, there will surely be someone in your local area who can print them for you.

Frank

Flashforge Creator Pro 3D Printer Motherboard replacement

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Posted 07 October 2019

I have owned a Microcenter clone of the very popular Flashforge Creator Pro for several years now and just the other day it gave up the ghost and died; the internal LED lighting and the front panel LCD display started flickering, and then went dark altogether. This wasn’t an entirely unexpected event, as for the last week or so I had been smelling burnt insulation every time I used the printer.

So I turned the printer on its side and removed the bottom panel to have a look around. Everything looked normal until I examined the main power connector to the motherboard; this connector looked a bit brown and charred as shown below:

Motherboard power input connector. Note the discoloration and bubbling

If I wiggled this connector with the power to the printer enabled, I could get the display and internal LEDs to light up briefly and then go out again, so it seemed pretty reasonable that this was the problem. After removing the motherboard from its mounting posts, I was able to get a better look at the connector, as shown below:

Motherboard power connector as viewed from the side

As can be seen in the photo, the plastic power connector has melted and bubbled out to the side, and the mating halves of the connector are fused together. In order to disconnect the power cable I had to physically pry the two halves apart, as shown in the following photos:

Motherboard half of the burnt power connector

Cable half of the power connector

I didn’t know if the connector fried and caused the motherboard to die, or the motherboard died and caused the connector to die (or maybe a little of both?). Anyway, I decided to try an replace the motherboard with a new one purchased on eBay.

When the new motherboard arrived, I started preparing for the exchange by carefully labelling all the cables, so I could make sure I got them back to the right places after the exchange. The labelling step is critical, as many of the motherboard connectors and the corresponding cables are indistinguishable from each other; without the labels there would be no way to tell which cable goes to which connector. Then I moved all the cables except for the power cable from the old motherboard to the new one, as shown in the following photos:

After moving all the cables, I still had a problem; the cable end of the power connector was so badly damaged that I couldn’t use it on the new motherboard, and without a power connection, there was no way to test the new board. I solved this problem by temporarily disconnecting my after-market extruder cooling fan from the ‘EXTRA’ connector on the motherboard, and using that cable connector for the power connection to the motherboard. After making this change, the printer came up normally when I applied power – YAY!!

So, I still had the problem of not having a connector for my printhead cooling fan cable. After some more web research, I found this link by Aaron Gilliam (on Thingiverse of all places) describing the part numbers for the entire Flashforge Creator Pro in detail – thanks Aaron!

Flashforge Creator Pro Motherboard connector

Flashforge Creator Pro cable connector

The connector I was looking for was ‘2 pin DIGIKEY # ED2779-ND’ So, off I went to Digikey where I ordered several of the cable connectors, and also several of the mating motherboard connectors. My plan was to first get the printhead cooling fan back on line, and then maybe try and replace the motherboard connector on the old motherboard to see if that was the only problem; if so, then I would have a complete spare motherboard available – cool!

Stay tuned!

Frank

Speaker Amplifier Project, Part VI – Second Production Run

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Posted 29 September 2019,

I got an email from Dr. Betty Lise Anderson of the Electrical Engineering Department (I think it’s actually Electrical and Computer Engineering now) at The Ohio State University, asking me if I still had the documentation for the speaker amplifiers I created a couple of years ago for her STEM outreach program. . Dr. Anderson said these units were very well-liked by her STEM outreach students; so well liked in fact that they apparently walked away on their own! She asked me if I would be willing to fabricate another couple of amps, and said she would happily pay for all the parts.

Since I never throw anything away, I did indeed have the documentation and even some remaining parts from the original project. I still had a half-dozen or so of the custom audio level indicator PCBs and at least one Adafruit 20W Class D amplifier left over. I figured I’d need a couple of wall-wart 12V power supplies and one more amplifier – everything else was already available in my parts bins. I figured the hundred bucks or so required to get all the parts was not worth worrying about, and besides I could probably write it off as advertising expense for EM Workbench LLC.

The enclosure:

When I made the first set, I 3D printed an enclosure that was a modified version of the nice rounded-corner box design published by Adafruit for just the amplifier. However, when I tried this trick again, I wound up not liking the result. Instead, I decided I should be able to create my own rounded corner box. I searched around on Thingiverse and found a few parameterized rounded box designs, but they all seemed sort of half-baked. So I broke out my copy of Open SCAD and started figuring out how to do it myself. I ran across a video that demonstrated the rounded-corner technique using a ‘minkowski’ function, and then I was off and running. After just a few hours (OK, more than a few, but definitely less than infinity) I had coded a nice, compact Open SCAD module to generate an arbitrary shaped rounded-corner box with an optional companion nesting lid. The code is available on Thingiverse here. Using the Open SCAD module, I generated an enclosure and companion lid and exported the result as an STL file, which I then sucked into Tinkercad to add the required cutouts and such for the amplifier project.

Amplifier enclosure as generated in Open SCAD

Amplifier enclosure after importing the STL file into Tinkercad

Amplifier enclosure after modification for the Adafruit amplifier and level indicator PCB

After getting the enclosure design all spiffed up, I started printing it on my trusty PowerSpec 3D Pro 3D printer, only to have it die on me – so much for ‘trusty’! This was not an entirely unexpected event, as I had been noticing a ‘burnt insulation’ smell coming from it over the last few weeks, and suspected that it might be on its last legs. So, this batch of amplifier enclosures would have to be single-color (the last one was dual-color red or the enclosure and gray for the text) – at least until my new MakerGear M3-ID 3D printer shows up :-)). Here’s the result.

Amplifier and Activity Indicator:

In reviewing the documentation from the original project, I saw that the activity indicator schematic wasn’t entirely accurate, so I brought it up to date – mostly cosmetic/lettering, but…

View showing power indicator LED installation before installing power input terminal connector

View showing 2.2K current limiting resistor for power indicator LED

View showing connections between activity monitor PCB and amplifier board

The finished product:

Two complete amplifiers with companion power supplies

A large part of the motivation for this post was to thoroughly document all aspects of fabricating the second run of OSU/STEM speaker amplifiers, so that when I get that next call from Dr. Betty Lise Anderson… 😉

Frank

Custom B-Ball Face Mask Project

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Posted 14 May 2019

In March of this year, I suffered yet another broken nose while playing basketball. Off to the emergency room where, following the normal interminable wait, I was told “yep – you have broken your nose – here’s a referral to an ENT guy – have a nice day!” The next day I went to the ENT guy, who said “yep – you have a broken nose, and there’s nothing I can do for you; you need an ‘open reduction’ (aka ‘nose job’), and here’s the name of the plastic surgeon I recommend”. At this next appointment Dr. Bapna (the plastic surgeon) said “yep – you have a broken nose, and you’re going to need an open reduction. It’s not going to be a whole lot of fun, but I should be able to get you squared away (literally)” (or words to that effect, anyway).

So, in early April I endured a ‘functional rhinoplasty’ (aka nose job), and indeed it wasn’t much fun. Fortunately I had learned from an earlier rotator cuff operation that I could rent a powered recliner on a short-term basis, and this at least made the convalescence a little less terrible.

In the subsequent post-op appointments with Dr. Bapna, he made it quite clear that while the operation was an unqualified success, another broken nose while playing basketball might not be repairable. He strongly recommended that I either give up basketball (and what is a 70-year old man doing playing b-ball anyway?) or wear a protective face mask. Since I wasn’t really interested in giving up round-ball, I started investigating face mask options.

Some research showed that a number of clear face masks are available on Amazon and other retail outlets, and there were a few firms advertising custom face masks. When I mentioned this to Dr. Babna, he told me that a local prosthetic business (Capital Prosthetic and Orthotic Center, Inc) also does custom face masks (who knew?). Apparently the process involves making a plaster impression of the face, and then using the impression as the mold for a custom polycarbonate mask. While I was researching the possibilities, it occurred to me that I might be able to use the knowledge of 3D modelling I had gained from an earlier project to create a duplicate of a chess piece to create a 3D model of my face, and then print a full-size plastic face replica to use as the basis for a polycarbonate mask. This would eliminate the need to make a plaster impression, and might open up a new technique for custom face mask fabrication.

So, I talked my lovely wife into helping me make a 3D representation of my head, using the same Canon SX260 HX digital camera I used for my chess piece replication project. It took us a couple of iterations to get enough good shots, but soon I had sucked 185 photos into Meshroom and it was busily cranking away to create the 3D model.

Except when it crashed. I had experienced this problem during the chess piece project, and had solved it by finding and removing the problem photos, usually a shot that was badly out of focus. So, I found and removed the photo pointed to by the crash log, and restarted Meshroom’s processing.

And it crashed again, and kept crashing even as I removed more and more photos. In addition, there wasn’t anything apparently wrong with the photos that caused the crash.

After a LOT of research on the Meshroom GitHub site, I finally ran across a post where one responder noted that Meshroom-2019.1.0-win64, the version I was using had ‘issues’ with photos that weren’t exactly perfect, and recommended downgrading to the 2018.1.0 version.

So, I downgraded to 2018.1.0, and voila – Meshroom processed all 185 photos without complaint and produced a startlingly accurate 3D model of my head, shown below

Screenshot of Meshroom 2018.1.0. From left to right; input photos, selected photo for comparison, textured 3D model

Leveraging on my experiences with the chess piece project, I immediately sucked the 57+ MByte texturedMesh.obj output from Meshroom into Microsoft 3D builder, and set about removing all the background artifacts, resulting in the revised model shown in the screenshot below:

Model in Microsoft 3D Builder, after removal of background artifacts

If you are doing the sorts of 3D modelling projects involving lots of photos and 50+ MByte object files, I highly recommend Microsoft 3D builder; it seems to be one of those little-known unappreciated gems in the Microsoft ecosystem; using 3D Builder was like expecting a tricycle and actually getting a 12,000HP supercar; 3D Builder not only accommodated my 57+ MByte .OBJ file, it didn’t even seem to be breathing hard; more like “Yawn – is that all you’ve got?”

After removing all the background artifacts, I exported the model from 3D Builder as a .3MF file that I was delighted to see is compatible with Prusa’s Slic3r PE, as shown below

The .3MF file from 3D Builder imported into Slic3r PE

I fired up my Prusa MK3 printer and printed out the model, and got the following off the printer

Very small scale version of my 3D head model. 0.5mm mechanical pencil provided for scale

Then I scaled the model up a bit and reprinted it, getting the following model:

Once I was convinced the model was reasonably accurate, I set out to print a full-sized model. To get the proper scale multiplier, I measured the distance between the outer rims of my eye sockets and compared this to the measurement on my mid-scale model. This gave me a scale factor of almost exactly 3.5, so I used this to print the full-scale model. The full scale model just barely fit on my Prusa MK3/S print bed, and took an astounding 24 hours to print! Also, this is the only model I’ve ever printed that actually cost a non-trivial amount of money –

Full scale print setup. Note the print time of almost 24 hours, and the used filament – over 100 m/$8 in cost – wow!!

Partially finished model, showing the internal structure (5% fill)

Finished print

With the finished 3D model, it should be possible to create the desired custom face mask directly, without having to take a plaster cast impression of my face. However, to verify that the full scale model was in fact a faithful representation of my face/nose structure, I decided to make a plaster cast of the printed model, and then compare the plaster cast to my actual face. This is sort of the backwards process used by a prosthetics house to create a custom face mask; they make a plaster cast using the patient’s face, and then use the plaster cast as the model for the final product.

Plaster cast impression using the 3D printed model instead of my face

Plaster cast separated from the 3D model

Side view of plaster cast on my face, showing that the 3D model is an accurate representation.

Summary:

All in all, this project was a blast; I was able to create an accurate 3D model of my face, which should be usable for the purpose of creating a custom face mask for me so I can go back to abusing my body playing basketball. However, I have to say that if I added up all the time and effort required to take all the photos, deal with Meshroom’s idiosyncrasies, actually print the full-scale model (24 hours, $8), and still have to take the plaster cast impression to verify the model, I might have been better off to just get the plaster cast impression made by a professional. OTOH, I learned a lot and had loads of fun, so…

Stay tuned!

Frank

Alzheimer’s Light Strobe Therapy Project

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Posted 24 March, 2019

A friend told me about a recent medical study at MIT where lab mice (genetically engineered to form amyloid plaques in their brains to emulate a syndrome commonly associated with Alzheimer’s) were subjected a 40Hz strobe light several hours per day. After repeated exposures, the mice showed significantly reduced plaque density in their brains, leading the researchers to speculate that ‘light strobe therapy’ might be an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s in humans.

The friend’s spouse has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, so naturally he was keen to try this with his spouse, and asked me if I knew anything about strobe lights and strobe timing, etc. I told him I could probably come up with something fairly quickly, and so I started a project to design and fabricate a light strobe therapy box.

The project involves a 3D printed housing and 9V battery clip, along with a white LED and a Sparkfun Pro Micro 5V/16MHz microcontroller, as shown in the following schematic.

Strobe Therapy schematic

I had a reflector hanging around from another project, so I used it just as much for the aesthetics as for functionality, and I designed and printed up a 2-part cylindrical housing. I also downloaded and printed a 9V battery clip to hold the battery, as shown in the following photos

Finished Strobe Therapy Unit

Internal parts arrangement

Closeup showing Sparkfun Pro Micro microcontroller

The program to generate the 40Hz strobe pulses is simplicity itself. I used the Arduino ‘elapsedMillis’ library for more accurate frequency tuning, but ‘delay()’ would probably be close enough as well.

/*
    Name:       StrobeTherapy.ino
    Created:	3/21/2019 6:51:45 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/

#include <elapsedMillis.h>


const int LED_PIN = 2;
const float BLINK_DELAY_MSEC = 25;
elapsedMillis sinceLastBlink; //strobe frequency delay

void setup()
{

	Serial.begin(115200);
	pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}


void loop()
{
	if (sinceLastBlink >= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC)
	{
		sinceLastBlink -= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC;
		digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
		delay(BLINK_DELAY_MSEC/2);  //LED ON time (msec)
		digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
	}
}

Name: StrobeTherapy.ino

Created: 3/21/2019 6:51:45 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

const int LED_PIN = 2;

const float BLINK_DELAY_MSEC = 25;

elapsedMillis sinceLastBlink; //strobe frequency delay

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

if (sinceLastBlink >= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC)

{

sinceLastBlink -= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC;

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);

delay(BLINK_DELAY_MSEC/2); //LED ON time (msec)

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);

}

I’m not sure if this will do any good, but I was happy to help someone whose loved one is suffering from this cruel disease.

Frank