The Tao of Engineering

Posted 17 December 2021

I have a step-granddaughter of whom I am immensely proud, not least because she has “the knack” – i.e. been bitten by the engineering bug. Although we never talked much as she was growing up, we (or at least “I”) have begun to talk about engineering in general and her Materials Science studies in particular. This morning I was searching my emails for a missing link to her blog site when I ran across a forgotten email from three years ago where I described some of my approach to problem-solving. As I glanced through the material, it hit me that this could be something that others might benefit from, so I decided to post it on my blog site – maybe others will see it and benefit – maybe not. Anyhoo, here it is:

Claire,
I had a lot of fun geeking with you over the weekend with your Raman spectroscopy project, and it occurred to me that you and I look at problems like this from different ends of a long journey (end of mine and start of yours).
So, in an effort to fulfill my role as GOG, I thought I would pass some thoughts on ‘the Tao of Engineering”

It’s rarely obvious how to get from where you are to where you want to go, but it is usually fairly easy to see how to get from where you are to someplace that might give you some additional insight into the problem.
It is extremely easy to exhaust yourself going in circles. This is probably the number one killer of prospective engineers/scientists. If you can develop an effective technique for avoiding this one problem, you’ll be much more successful. Everyone believes they can recognize this phenomenon and won’t fall victim to the trap, but humans aren’t evolved to handle long-term problems – their memory isn’t good enough. There are probably an infinite number of effective ‘circle-breaking’ techniques, but the one that I chose/discovered is to write everything down, in excruciating detail, as if I were describing the situation to someone else. This produces an intellectual ‘breadcrumb trail’ that allows you to recognize when you are covering the same ground again. Over and over again I have experienced that the act of documenting a problem will often solve it entirely, or at least illuminate bad assumptions and/or fruitful lines of inquiry.
Make sure you actually understand the problem; can’t tell you how many times I solved the problem I wanted to solve (easier, more fun, whatever) rather than the one I was supposed to solve. Any problem, no matter how large or small, can be described in a single paragraph. If you can’t write a single paragraph that completely describes the problem, then you don’t understand it. I would tell my young engineers they had to be able to put the entire problem description on one side of a 3×5 card, in an easily readable type size.
physics doesn’t care what you think! The data is the data, and you have to adjust to it – as it will never adjust to you. Too many people try to make the data tell the story they want to hear, rather than listening to the story the data wants to tell.
Until proven to be correct, always assume everything is wrong. Find a way to cross-check everything. Many times this can be accomplished by ‘cheating’ – using a known-good information set as the input to a process or program, and comparing the answer from the program/process to the already-known answer. If they agree, then it’s a good bet that the program/process can then be trusted to do the same for your data. If they don’t, then you need to discard that program/process, or find out why it doesn’t work the way you think it should (referring back to ‘physics doesn’t care what you think’ as necessary). Everyone wants ‘THE BIG RED BUTTON’ (like the Staples ‘That was easy’ button) that solves the problem in one fell swoop, but that almost never happens (if it were that easy, it wouldn’t be your homework/lab assignment).

I have attached a Word document showing how I used my ‘document everything’ technique on a recent problem I had with a solid-state accelerometer module I wanted to use on my autonomous robot. As usual, I ran around in circles for a while chasing ghosts until I decided to get serious and start documenting things, and then (also as usual), I started making progress toward a real solution.
love,
Frank

—
G.Frank Paynter, PhD
OSU ESL Research Scientist (ret)
EM Workbench LLC614 638-6749 (cell)

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ILI9341-Based Digital Clock Project

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A while ago, the clock/time display on our microwave started having problems; it’s a 7-segment vacuum-flourescent display, and a couple of the segments a no longer lighting up. Instead of “End”, we now see “Erd”, and the clock is getting harder to read. The microwave itself is still running fine, but because this particular display is our primary time display in the house (aside from our phones), not having a good clock display is annoying.

I investigated getting the appropriate repair part for the display, but that module costs more than the entire microwave did originally, so that didn’t seem like a practical idea. And while I can get a cheap stick-on clock for just a few bucks, what’s the fun in that?

So, I’m in the middle of a design project to build a digital clock to replace the one on the microwave. At first I built up a clock using a Teensy 3.2 and one of my spare Nokia 5110 LCD displays, but that turned out not to be very practical, as the display is basically unreadable from more than just a few feet away, with or without backlighting.

So, I started looking around for better displays, and ran across the ILI9341 TFT display with a touch-sensitive screen. Even better, this was available with Teensy-optimized drivers, as shown here – what a deal! I started thinking that with a touch-sensitive screen, I might be able to implement some on-screen buttons for setting the time, which would be way cool!

So, I ordered two of these displays from PJRC, and started working on the design. Here’s the initial schematic

Here’s my initial breadboard setup:

Teensy 3.2 in foreground, Adafruit DS3231 RTC in background, ILI9341 TFT touch display

I originally used the Arial proportional font provided by the library, but I discovered that it produced bad artifacts after a few hours, as shown below: The only way to avoid these artifacts is to refresh the entire screen on every pass through the 1-second timing loop, which causes a very annoying ‘blink’. Eventually I figured this out, and changed to a non-proportional font, as shown below;

Non-proportional font looks worse, but doesn’t suffer from artifacts

Once I got everything working (well, except for the touch screen stuff that I plan to add later), I fabricated a nice box using Open SCAD and TinkerCad, and made a more permanent version using a half-sized ‘perma-proto’ board, as shown below

Here’s the more-or-less final schematic

7 March 2021 Update:

After a long and somewhat agonizing journey, I finally got the touch-screen stuff working, so I can now adjust the time on my digital clock using on-screen touch-sensitive controls. Here’s the updated schematic:

The only real difference between this one and the previous schematic is the T_IRQ line is no longer connected; the Teensy-optimized XPT2046_Touchscreen.h/cpp library doesn’t use it.

Here’s a short video showing how the touch-screen enabled time/date adjustment feature works:

Although I hope to clean up this code considerably in the future, I include it here in it’s entirety in it’s current state

/*
    Name:       Teensy_LCDClockV3.ino
    Created:	3/2/2021 1:37:22 PM
    Author:     FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

    This version adds date/time adjustment using touch screen
*/

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
#include "elapsedMillis.h"
#include "CustomBox.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS
//****************************************************************************
// Settings and objects
//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS
//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html
#define TFT_DC  9
#define TFT_CS 10
#define TFT_RST 7
#define TFT_SCK 13
#define TFT_MISO 12
#define TFT_MOSI 11
#define TOUCH_CS  8
#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);
ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;
const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS
// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size
#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240
#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320
#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600
#define TS_MINY 600
#define TS_MAXX 3758
#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;
const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;
const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";
const int nextstr_width = 70;
const int nextstr_height = 20;
const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;
const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;
const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;
const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;
const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;
const int TIME_BOX_Y = 98;
const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;
const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 74;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;
const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 90;
const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 35;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 30;
const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(100, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(210, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(70, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox DayHighlightBox(120, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox YearHighlightBox(180, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 2*DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState
{
  ADJ_NONE = 0,
  ADJ_HOUR,
  ADJ_MIN,
  ADJ_SEC,
  ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,
  ADJ_MONTH,
  ADJ_DAY,
  ADJ_YEAR
};

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;


const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout
#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters


#pragma region RTC Support
#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
DateTime now, lastTime;
char buffer[100];
int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp
{
  unsigned long mSec;
  byte RTC_Status;
};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68   ///< I2C address for DS3231
#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10
#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100
tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];


#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);

  Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION
  Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

  tft.begin();
  // Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value
  // the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays
  // can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz
  //  tft.setClock(60000000);
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.setRotation(1);
#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS
#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

  // read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)
  uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);
  Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);
  Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);
  Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);
  Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);
  Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

  Serial.println(F("Benchmark                Time (microseconds)"));

  Serial.print(F("Screen fill              "));
  Serial.println(testFillScreen());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Text                     "));
  Serial.println(testText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Proportional Text        "));
  Serial.println(testProportionalText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Lines                    "));
  Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines         "));
  Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline)     "));
  Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled)      "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Circles (filled)         "));
  Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

  Serial.print(F("Circles (outline)        "));
  Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline)      "));
  Serial.println(testTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled)       "));
  Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline)  "));
  Serial.println(testRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled)   "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.println(F("Done!"));
#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS
#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");
  tft.println("Initializing RTC...");
  delay(1000);

  if (!rtc.begin())
  {
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }

  bool lp = rtc.lostPower();
  Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);
  delay(1000);
  if (rtc.lostPower())
  {
    Serial.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    tft.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");

    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
  }

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME
  Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");
  // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
  rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
#endif // 

  //DateTime now = rtc.now();
  now = rtc.now();
  //char buffer[100];
  memset(buffer, '\0', 100);
  GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);
  Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");
  Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);
#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP


  //DEBUG!!
    //tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");
    //rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));
  //DEBUG!!

    //02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh
  now = rtc.now();
  lasthour = now.hour();
  mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()
}


void loop(void)
{

  //Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);
  delay(100);

  //see if there is a touch anywhere
  if (ts.touched())
  {
    mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

    while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)
    {
      //Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);
      
      TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point
      if (Tp.z > 1000)
      {
        mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog
        TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

        CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);
        //Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)CurAdjState);

        if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
        {
          ShowLongTimeDisplay();
          ShowAdjButtons();
        }
      }
    }

    HideButtons();
    HideHighlightBars();
    ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    ShowDateDisplay();
    CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;
  }


  if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)
  {
    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;
    now = rtc.now();
    
    ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

    //Display time
    if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
    {
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
    }
    else
    {
      ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    }
  }
}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS
void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();
  //mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()
  int myday = dt.day();
  int mymonth = dt.month();
  int myyear = dt.year();
  int myhour = dt.hour();
  int mymin = dt.minute();
  int mysec = dt.second();
  char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

  sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);
}


void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int hourval = dt.hour();
  if (hourval > 12)
  {
    hourval -= 12;
  }

  //sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);
  sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);
}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());
}
#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)
{
  AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;
  DateTime newtime;
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  //int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day, new_year;
  int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day;

  //Serial.printf("In GetCurAdjState with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

  switch (CurAdjState)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
    }
    else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_HOUR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() + 1;
      if (new_hour >= 24)
      {
        new_hour -= 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() - 1;
      if (new_hour < 0)
      {
        new_hour += 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MIN;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MIN case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() + 1;
      if (new_minute >= 60)
      {
        new_minute = 0;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute() - 1);
      Serial.printf("ADJ_HOUR case in DoMinusOp().  Decrementing Hour Value\n");
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", newtime.day(), newtime.month(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_SEC;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_SEC case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MONTH case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() + 1;
      if (new_month > 12)
      {
        new_month -= 12;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() - 1;
      new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_DAY;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_DAY case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = now.day() - 1;
      new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_YEAR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }

  //Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);
  return adjstate ;
}

#pragma region Helper Functions
TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)
{
  //Purpose:  Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system
  //Inputs:
  //  Rotation value
  //  Mapping values
  //  TS_Point from touch chip
  //Outputs:
  //  TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates
  //Plan:
  //  Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //  Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();
  TS_Point Dp;
  //Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account
#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1
  Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());
  Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());
#else
#endif

  ////DEBUG!!
  //Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
  //  millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);
  ////DEBUG!!

  return Dp;
}

void ShowAdjButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, '+', ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, '-', ILI9341_BLACK);

  //03/04/21 getTextBounds() reports wrong info - use 70w x 20 tall
  int txt_x = NEXTBOX_X + round((float)(NEXTBOX_WIDTH / 2.)) - round((float)(70 / 2.));
  int txt_y = NEXTBOX_Y + round((float)(NEXTBOX_HEIGHT / 2.)) - round((float)(20 / 2.));
  tft.setCursor(txt_x, txt_y);
  tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_BLACK);
  String boxstr = "NEXT";
  NextBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.print(boxstr);
}

void HideButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setTextSize(10);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());
}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  //tft.setTextSize(10);
  tft.setTextSize(6);
  tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_BLACK);
  //tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());
}


void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)
{
  switch (adjstate)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");
    HideHighlightBars();
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    HideHighlightBars();
    SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    HideHighlightBars();
    DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
}

void HideHighlightBars()
{
  tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowDateDisplay()
{
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  DateBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",
    daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());
}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)
{
  if (day > aDaysInMonth[month-1])
  {
    Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month-1] );
    return 1;
  }
  else
  {
    return day;
  }
}
#pragma endregion Helper Functions

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Name: Teensy_LCDClockV3.ino

Created: 3/2/2021 1:37:22 PM

Author: FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

This version adds date/time adjustment using touch screen

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include "RTClib.h"

#include "elapsedMillis.h"

#include "CustomBox.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS

//****************************************************************************

// Settings and objects

//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html

#define TFT_DC 9

#define TFT_CS 10

#define TFT_RST 7

#define TFT_SCK 13

#define TFT_MISO 12

#define TFT_MOSI 11

#define TOUCH_CS 8

#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);

ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;

const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS

// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size

#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240

#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320

#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600

#define TS_MINY 600

#define TS_MAXX 3758

#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;

const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;

const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";

const int nextstr_width = 70;

const int nextstr_height = 20;

const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;

const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;

const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;

const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;

const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;

const int TIME_BOX_Y = 98;

const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;

const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 74;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;

const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 90;

const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 35;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 30;

const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(100, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(210, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(70, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox DayHighlightBox(120, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox YearHighlightBox(180, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 2*DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState

{

ADJ_NONE = 0,

ADJ_HOUR,

ADJ_MIN,

ADJ_SEC,

ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,

ADJ_MONTH,

ADJ_DAY,

ADJ_YEAR

};

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout

#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters

#pragma region RTC Support

#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

DateTime now, lastTime;

char buffer[100];

int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp

{

unsigned long mSec;

byte RTC_Status;

};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68 ///< I2C address for DS3231

#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10

#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100

tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];

#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(3000);

Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

tft.begin();

// Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value

// the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays

// can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz

// tft.setClock(60000000);

tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setTextSize(2);

tft.setRotation(1);

#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

// read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)

uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);

Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);

Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);

Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);

Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);

Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));

Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));

Serial.println(testFillScreen());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Text "));

Serial.println(testText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Proportional Text "));

Serial.println(testProportionalText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Lines "));

Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));

Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");

tft.println("Initializing RTC...");

delay(1000);

if (!rtc.begin())

{

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");

while (1);

}

bool lp = rtc.lostPower();

Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);

delay(1000);

if (rtc.lostPower())

{

Serial.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

}

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME

Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

#endif //

//DateTime now = rtc.now();

now = rtc.now();

//char buffer[100];

memset(buffer, '\0', 100);

GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);

Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");

Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);

#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP

//DEBUG!!

//tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");

//rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));

//DEBUG!!

//02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh

now = rtc.now();

lasthour = now.hour();

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()

}

void loop(void)

{

//Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);

delay(100);

//see if there is a touch anywhere

if (ts.touched())

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)

{

//Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point

if (Tp.z > 1000)

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);

//Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)CurAdjState);

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

ShowAdjButtons();

}

HideButtons();

HideHighlightBars();

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

ShowDateDisplay();

CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;

}

if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)

{

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;

now = rtc.now();

ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

//Display time

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

}

else

{

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();

//mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()

int myday = dt.day();

int mymonth = dt.month();

int myyear = dt.year();

int myhour = dt.hour();

int mymin = dt.minute();

int mysec = dt.second();

char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);

}

void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int hourval = dt.hour();

if (hourval > 12)

{

hourval -= 12;

}

//sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);

sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);

}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());

}

#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)

{

AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;

DateTime newtime;

DateTime now = rtc.now();

//int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day, new_year;

int new_hour, new_minute, new_month, new_day;

//Serial.printf("In GetCurAdjState with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

switch (CurAdjState)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

}

else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

}

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_HOUR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() + 1;

if (new_hour >= 24)

{

new_hour -= 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() - 1;

if (new_hour < 0)

{

new_hour += 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MIN case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() + 1;

if (new_minute >= 60)

{

new_minute = 0;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute() - 1);

Serial.printf("ADJ_HOUR case in DoMinusOp(). Decrementing Hour Value\n");

Serial.printf("Old time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());

Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d:%d:%d\n", newtime.day(), newtime.month(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d:%d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_SEC case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_MONTH case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() + 1;

if (new_month > 12)

{

new_month -= 12;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() - 1;

new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_DAY case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = now.day() - 1;

new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

Serial.print("In GetCurAdjState ADJ_YEAR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

default:

break;

}

//Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);

return adjstate ;

}

#pragma region Helper Functions

TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)

{

//Purpose: Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system

//Inputs:

// Rotation value

// Mapping values

// TS_Point from touch chip

//Outputs:

// TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates

//Plan:

// Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

// Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

//TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();

TS_Point Dp;

//Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());

Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());

#else

#endif

////DEBUG!!

//Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",

// millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);

////DEBUG!!

return Dp;

}

void ShowAdjButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, '+', ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, '-', ILI9341_BLACK);

//03/04/21 getTextBounds() reports wrong info - use 70w x 20 tall

int txt_x = NEXTBOX_X + round((float)(NEXTBOX_WIDTH / 2.)) - round((float)(70 / 2.));

int txt_y = NEXTBOX_Y + round((float)(NEXTBOX_HEIGHT / 2.)) - round((float)(20 / 2.));

tft.setCursor(txt_x, txt_y);

tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_BLACK);

String boxstr = "NEXT";

NextBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.print(boxstr);

}

void HideButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setTextSize(10);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());

}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

//tft.setTextSize(10);

tft.setTextSize(6);

tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_BLACK);

//tft.fillRect(0, 98, 350, 74, ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());

}

void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)

{

switch (adjstate)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");

HideHighlightBars();

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

HideHighlightBars();

HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

HideHighlightBars();

MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

HideHighlightBars();

SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

HideHighlightBars();

MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

HideHighlightBars();

DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

HideHighlightBars();

YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

default:

break;

}

void HideHighlightBars()

{

tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowDateDisplay()

{

DateTime now = rtc.now();

DateBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",

daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());

}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)

{

if (day > aDaysInMonth[month-1])

{

Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month-1] );

return 1;

}

else

{

return day;

}

#pragma endregion Helper Functions

#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_	
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox
{
public:
	int x;
	int y;
private:
	int w;
	int h;
	int color;
public:
	CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);
	bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);
};


CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = 0;
	y = 0;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = in_x;
	y = in_y;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox
//{
//private:
//	char boxtext[6];
//public:
//	CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);
//};
//
//
//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
//{
//	x = in_x;
//	y = in_y;
//	w = in_w;
//	h = in_h;
//	color = in_color;
//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	if (size==0)
	{
		size = round((float)h / 10.);
	}
	int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);
	//int char_x = x;
	disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->print(txt);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)
{
	Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	//disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);
	disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);
}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box
	//Inputs:
	//  in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates
	//  box location & dimensions
	//Outputs:
	//  true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region.  Othewise, false

	//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
	//	in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

	return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);
}

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#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox

{

public:

int x;

int y;

private:

int w;

int h;

int color;

public:

CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);

bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);

};

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = 0;

y = 0;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = in_x;

y = in_y;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox

//{

//private:

// char boxtext[6];

//public:

// CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);

//};

//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

//{

// x = in_x;

// y = in_y;

// w = in_w;

// h = in_h;

// color = in_color;

//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

if (size==0)

{

size = round((float)h / 10.);

}

int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);

//int char_x = x;

disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->print(txt);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)

{

Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

//disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);

disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);

}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)

{

//Purpose: Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box

//Inputs:

// in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates

// box location & dimensions

//Outputs:

// true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region. Othewise, false

//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",

// in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);

}

10 March 2021 Update:

After getting all of the above to work, I decided to re-tackle the proportional fonts issue. In my first attempt, I had used the ‘ILI9341_t3’ version of the ILI9341 Teensy library, and there is a newer ‘ILI9341_t3n‘ version out now. So, I modified one of the example programs (unfortunately still written for the old library) to be compatible and got proportional fonts (well, just the Arial one) working on the display.

After several hours of running this example with no apparent artifacts or problems, I decided to update my complete clock program to use the Arial font. After making the modifications and running it overnight, the time & date displays were still rock-solid the next day, as shown in the following photo – YAY!!

So now all that is left to do is to upload the new Arial-based code (with the time background color switched back to ‘black’) to my ‘working’ clock module, sit back and enjoy the proportional font display.

14 July 2021 Update:

I noticed that my clock had some ‘issues’ with time/date adjustments, so I ‘put it back in the shop’ for some additional TLC. While I was at it, I noticed that the system schematic didn’t include the DS3231 (hard to have a clock without a RTC!), so I updated it as well. Here’s the updated schematic.

The updates made were to make the time/date adjustments more robust. The updated code is included in its entirety below. First the main program:

/*
    Name:       Teensy_LCDClockV4.ino
    Created:	3/9/2021 11:12:31 AM
    Author:     FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

    This project was cloned from Teensy_LCDClockV3 to re-investigate the use of proportional fonts
*/

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
#include "elapsedMillis.h"
#include "CustomBox.h"
#include "ili9341_t3n_font_Arial.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS
//****************************************************************************
// Settings and objects
//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS
//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html
#define TFT_DC  9
#define TFT_CS 10
#define TFT_RST 7
#define TFT_SCK 13
#define TFT_MISO 12
#define TFT_MOSI 11
#define TOUCH_CS  8
#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);
ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;
const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS
// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size
#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240
#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320
#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600
#define TS_MINY 600
#define TS_MAXX 3758
#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;
const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;
const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;
const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;
const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";
const int nextstr_width = 70;
const int nextstr_height = 20;
const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;
const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;
const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;
const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;
const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;
const int TIME_BOX_Y = 82;
const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;
const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 80;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;
const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;
const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;
const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 75;
const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 40;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;
const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 40;
const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);
CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(20, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(120, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(230, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(72, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox DayHighlightBox(132, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);
CustomBox YearHighlightBox(178, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 90, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState
{
  ADJ_NONE = 0,
  ADJ_HOUR,
  ADJ_MIN,
  ADJ_SEC,
  ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,
  ADJ_MONTH,
  ADJ_DAY,
  ADJ_YEAR
};

const char AdjValNameArray[8][9] = { "ADJ_NONE", "ADJ_HOUR", "ADJ_MIN", "ADJ_SEC", "ADJ_DOW", "ADJ_MNTH", "ADJ_DAY", "ADJ_YEAR" };

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;


const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input
elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout
#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters


#pragma region RTC Support
#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
DateTime now, lastTime;
char buffer[100];
int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp
{
  unsigned long mSec;
  byte RTC_Status;
};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68   ///< I2C address for DS3231
#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10
#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100
tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];


#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(3000);

  Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION
  Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

  tft.begin();
  // Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value
  // the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays
  // can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz
  //  tft.setClock(60000000);
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.setRotation(1);
#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS
#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

  // read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)
  uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);
  Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);
  Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);
  Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);
  Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);
  Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

  Serial.println(F("Benchmark                Time (microseconds)"));

  Serial.print(F("Screen fill              "));
  Serial.println(testFillScreen());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Text                     "));
  Serial.println(testText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Proportional Text        "));
  Serial.println(testProportionalText());
  delay(600);

  Serial.print(F("Lines                    "));
  Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines         "));
  Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline)     "));
  Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled)      "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Circles (filled)         "));
  Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

  Serial.print(F("Circles (outline)        "));
  Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline)      "));
  Serial.println(testTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled)       "));
  Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline)  "));
  Serial.println(testRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled)   "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
  delay(200);

  Serial.println(F("Done!"));
#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS
#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");
  //tft.println("Initializing RTC...");
  delay(1000);

  if (!rtc.begin())
  {
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }

  bool lp = rtc.lostPower();
  Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);
  DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);
  delay(1000);
  if (rtc.lostPower())
  {
    Serial.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");
    DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text
    tft.setCursor(0, 0);
    tft.println("RTC lost power.  Setting RTC to last compile time");

    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
  }

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME
  Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");
  // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
  rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));
#endif // 

  //DateTime now = rtc.now();
  now = rtc.now();
  memset(buffer, '\0', 100);
  GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);
  Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");
  Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);
#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP


  //DEBUG!!
    //tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");
    //rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));
  //DEBUG!!

    //02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh
  now = rtc.now();
  lasthour = now.hour();
  mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()
}


void loop(void)
{

  //Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);
  delay(100);

  //see if there is a touch anywhere
  if (ts.touched())
  {
    mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

    while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)
    {
      //Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

      TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point
      if (Tp.z > 1000)
      {
        mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog
        TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

        CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);
        Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %s\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, AdjValNameArray[(int)CurAdjState]);

        if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
        {
          ShowLongTimeDisplay();
          ShowAdjButtons();
        }
      }
    }

    HideButtons();
    HideHighlightBars();
    ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    ShowDateDisplay();
    CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;
  }


  if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)
  {
    mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;
    now = rtc.now();

    ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

    //Display time
    if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)
    {
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
    }
    else
    {
      ShowNormalTimeDisplay();
    }
  }
}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS
void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();
  //mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()
  int myday = dt.day();
  int mymonth = dt.month();
  int myyear = dt.year();
  int myhour = dt.hour();
  int mymin = dt.minute();
  int mysec = dt.second();
  char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

  sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);
}


void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  int hourval = dt.hour();
  if (hourval > 12)
  {
    hourval -= 12;
  }

  //sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);
  sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);
}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)
{
  sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());
}
#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)
{
  AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;
  DateTime newtime;
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  int new_hour = 0; int new_minute = 0; int new_month = 0; int new_day = 0;
  int cur_day = 0; //added 07/13/21

  //Serial.printf("In AdjustTimeAndDate with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

  switch (CurAdjState)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
    }
    else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_HOUR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() + 1;
      if (new_hour >= 24)
      {
        new_hour -= 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_hour = now.hour() - 1;
      if (new_hour < 0)
      {
        new_hour += 24;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MIN;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MIN case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() + 1;
      if (new_minute >= 60)
      {
        new_minute = 0;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %2d:%2d\n", newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("ADJ_MIN case in DoMinusOp().  Decrementing Minute Value\n");
      Serial.printf("Old time is %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(),now.minute());
      new_minute = now.minute() - 1;
      if (new_minute < 0)
      {
        Serial.printf("adjusting for 00/59 rollover\n");
        new_minute = 59;
      }
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute);
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'decrement' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_SEC;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_SEC case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

    //both PLUS & MINUS operations simply reset seconds to zero
    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      ShowLongTimeDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH: //07/13/21 rev to watch for next/prev month max days
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MONTH case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() + 1;
      if (new_month > 12)
      {
        new_month = 1; //07/13/21 bugfix
      }

      //07/13/21 have to adjust if current dayval > max for new month
      cur_day = now.day();

      if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])
      {
        Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);
        new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];
      }
      else
      {
        new_day = cur_day;
      }

      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_month = now.month() - 1;
      /*new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month; */
      if (new_month <= 0)
      {
        new_month = 12; //no need to check max days, as feb max is 28 and dec max is 31
      }
      else
      {
        //have to check max days for new month
        cur_day = now.day();
        if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])
        {
          Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);
          new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];
        }
        else new_day = cur_day;
      }

      //newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_DAY;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_DAY case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      new_day = now.day() - 1;
      new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;
      newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_YEAR case\n");
    adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

    if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());
      Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());
      rtc.adjust(newtime);
      now = rtc.now();
      Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());
      ShowDateDisplay();
      delay(500);  //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations
    }
    else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))
    {
      //Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);
      adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;
      ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);
      delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions
    }
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }

  //Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);
  return adjstate;
}

#pragma region Helper Functions
TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)
{
  //Purpose:  Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system
  //Inputs:
  //  Rotation value
  //  Mapping values
  //  TS_Point from touch chip
  //Outputs:
  //  TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates
  //Plan:
  //  Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //  Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip
  //TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();
  TS_Point Dp;
  //Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account
#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1
  Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());
  Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());
#else
#endif

  ////DEBUG!!
  //Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
  //  millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);
  ////DEBUG!!

  return Dp;
}

void ShowAdjButtons()
{
  Serial.printf("In ShowAdjButtons\n");
  HideButtons();

  //03/13/21 new centering feature works great!
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, "NEXT", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_20, true);
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, "+", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, "-", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);
}

void HideButtons()
{
  PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
  NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.setCursor(0, 100);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setFont(Arial_72);
  tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature
  tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());
}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()
{
  //Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");
  now = rtc.now();
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);
  tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature
  tft.setFont(Arial_60);
  TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

  int hournum = now.hour();

  //guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions
  if (hournum > 12)
  {
    hournum -= 12;
  }
  else if (hournum == 0)
  {
    hournum += 12;
  }

  hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

  tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());
}


void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)
{
  switch (adjstate)
  {
  case ADJ_NONE:
    Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");
    HideHighlightBars();
    break;
  case ADJ_HOUR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_MIN:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_SEC:
    HideHighlightBars();
    SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:
    break;
  case ADJ_MONTH:
    HideHighlightBars();
    MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_DAY:
    HideHighlightBars();
    DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  case ADJ_YEAR:
    HideHighlightBars();
    YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
}

void HideHighlightBars()
{
  tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
  tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);
}

void ShowDateDisplay()
{
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  DateBox.Draw(&tft);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  //tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.setFont(Arial_28);
  tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",
    daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());
}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)
{
  //Notes:
  //  07/13/21 rev to handle negative day values
  if (day > aDaysInMonth[month - 1])
  {
    Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month - 1]);
    return 1;
  }
  //07/13/21 bugfix
  else if (day <= 0)
  {
    int newdaynum = aDaysInMonth[month - 1];
    Serial.printf("%d is <= 0: set to max days (%d) for this month\n", day, newdaynum);
    return newdaynum;
  }
  else
  {
    return day;
  }
}
#pragma endregion Helper Functions

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Name: Teensy_LCDClockV4.ino

Created: 3/9/2021 11:12:31 AM

Author: FRANKNEWXPS15\Frank

This project was cloned from Teensy_LCDClockV3 to re-investigate the use of proportional fonts

#include <XPT2046_Touchscreen.h>

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include "RTClib.h"

#include "elapsedMillis.h"

#include "CustomBox.h"

#include "ili9341_t3n_font_Arial.h"

#define N0_DIAGNOSTICS

//****************************************************************************

// Settings and objects

//****************************************************************************

#pragma region DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

//02/15/21 pin assignments from https://www.pjrc.com/store/display_ili9341_touch.html

#define TFT_DC 9

#define TFT_CS 10

#define TFT_RST 7

#define TFT_SCK 13

#define TFT_MISO 12

#define TFT_MOSI 11

#define TOUCH_CS 8

#pragma endregion DISPLAY_PIN_ASSIGNMENTS

XPT2046_Touchscreen ts(TOUCH_CS);

ILI9341_t3n tft = ILI9341_t3n(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCK, TFT_MISO);

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastClockUpdate;

const int CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC = 1000;

#pragma region DISP_AND_ADJ_BOX_PARAMETERS

// Size of the color selection boxes and the paintbrush size

#define MAX_DISPLAY_X 240

#define MAX_DISPLAY_Y 320

#define SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

#define TS_MINX 600

#define TS_MINY 600

#define TS_MAXX 3758

#define TS_MAXY 3612

const int PLUSBOX_X = 20;

const int PLUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int PLUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int PLUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_BLUE;

const int MINUSBOX_X = 120;

const int MINUSBOX_Y = 180;

const int MINUSBOX_WIDTH = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int MINUSBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_YELLOW;

const String nextstr = "NEXT";

const int nextstr_width = 70;

const int nextstr_height = 20;

const int NEXTBOX_X = 220;

const int NEXTBOX_Y = 180;

const int NEXTBOX_COLOR = ILI9341_GREEN;

const int NEXTBOX_WIDTH = 100;

const int NEXTBOX_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_BOX_X = 0;

const int TIME_BOX_Y = 82;

const int TIME_BOX_WIDTH = 350;

const int TIME_BOX_HEIGHT = 80;

const int DATE_BOX_X = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_Y = 0;

const int DATE_BOX_WIDTH = 320;

const int DATE_BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

//03/05/21 used to hide adjustment boxes

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH = NEXTBOX_X + NEXTBOX_WIDTH;

const int ALL_ADJ_BOXES_HEIGHT = 50;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 75;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 75;

const int ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = 40;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT = 5;

const int DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC = 40;

const int ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH = ALL_ADJ_BOXES_WIDTH;

CustomBox PlusBox(PLUSBOX_X, PLUSBOX_Y, PLUSBOX_WIDTH, PLUSBOX_HEIGHT, PLUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox MinusBox(MINUSBOX_X, MINUSBOX_Y, MINUSBOX_WIDTH, MINUSBOX_HEIGHT, MINUSBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox NextBox(NEXTBOX_X, NEXTBOX_Y, NEXTBOX_WIDTH, NEXTBOX_HEIGHT, NEXTBOX_COLOR);

CustomBox HourHighlightBox(20, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MinuteHighlightBox(120, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox SecondHighlightBox(230, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox MonthHighlightBox(72, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox DayHighlightBox(132, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox YearHighlightBox(178, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, 90, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_WHITE);

CustomBox TimeBox(TIME_BOX_X, TIME_BOX_Y, TIME_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

CustomBox DateBox(DATE_BOX_X, DATE_BOX_Y, DATE_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

enum AdjustmentState

{

ADJ_NONE = 0,

ADJ_HOUR,

ADJ_MIN,

ADJ_SEC,

ADJ_DAYOFWEEK,

ADJ_MONTH,

ADJ_DAY,

ADJ_YEAR

};

const char AdjValNameArray[8][9] = { "ADJ_NONE", "ADJ_HOUR", "ADJ_MIN", "ADJ_SEC", "ADJ_DOW", "ADJ_MNTH", "ADJ_DAY", "ADJ_YEAR" };

int aDaysInMonth[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

AdjustmentState CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

const int TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5000; //reverts to regular display if no further touch input

elapsedMillis mSecSinceLastTouch; //timer for touch timout

#pragma endregion Display & Adj Box Parameters

#pragma region RTC Support

#define FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME //uncomment to manually set RTC to last compile time

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

DateTime now, lastTime;

char buffer[100];

int lasthour = 0; //02/15/21 added to refresh screen on the hour

struct tStamp

{

unsigned long mSec;

byte RTC_Status;

};

#define DS3231_ADDRESS 0x68 ///< I2C address for DS3231

#define DS3231_STATUSREG 0x0F ///< Status register

#define RTCStatArraySize 10

#define RTCStatTime_IntervalMsec 100

tStamp RTCStatArray[RTCStatArraySize];

#pragma endregion RTC Support

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(3000);

Serial.println("Teensy 3.2 TFT Clock Program");

#pragma region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

Serial.println("Initializing TFT display");

tft.begin();

// Note: you can now set the SPI speed to any value

// the default value is 30Mhz, but most ILI9341 displays

// can handle at least 60Mhz and as much as 100Mhz

// tft.setClock(60000000);

tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setTextSize(2);

tft.setRotation(1);

#pragma endregion region DISPLAY INITIALIZATION

#pragma region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#ifndef N0_DIAGNOSTICS

// read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)

uint8_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);

Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);

Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);

Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);

Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);

Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);

Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));

Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));

Serial.println(testFillScreen());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Text "));

Serial.println(testText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Proportional Text "));

Serial.println(testProportionalText());

delay(600);

Serial.print(F("Lines "));

Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));

Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));

Serial.println(testTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));

Serial.println(testRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));

Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());

delay(200);

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

#endif // !N0_DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma endregion region TFT DIAGNOSTICS

#pragma region RTC_SETUP

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Initializing RTC...");

//tft.println("Initializing RTC...");

delay(1000);

if (!rtc.begin())

{

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

tft.println("Couldn't find RTC");

while (1);

}

bool lp = rtc.lostPower();

Serial.print("lostPower() reports "); Serial.println(lp);

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.printf("lostPower() = %d\n", lp);

delay(1000);

if (rtc.lostPower())

{

Serial.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

DateBox.Draw(&tft); //erase previous text

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

tft.println("RTC lost power. Setting RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

}

#ifdef FORCE_RTC_TO_LAST_COMPILE_TIME

Serial.println("Forcing RTC to last compile time");

// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

#endif //

//DateTime now = rtc.now();

now = rtc.now();

memset(buffer, '\0', 100);

GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(now, buffer);

Serial.println("Retrieving Date/Time from RTC....");

Serial.print("Date String = "); Serial.println(buffer);

#pragma endregion RTC_SETUP

//DEBUG!!

//tft.println("Setting time to just before midnight");

//rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 02, 13, 00, 59, 45));

//DEBUG!!

//02/15/21 needed detect hour changes for screen refresh

now = rtc.now();

lasthour = now.hour();

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0; //used to space out clock updates in loop()

}

void loop(void)

{

//Serial.printf("%lu: mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = %lu\n", millis(), (long int)mSecSinceLastClockUpdate);

delay(100);

//see if there is a touch anywhere

if (ts.touched())

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

while (mSecSinceLastTouch < TOUCH_TIMEOUT_MSEC)

{

//Serial.printf("mSecSinceLastTouch = %lu\n", (unsigned long int)mSecSinceLastTouch);

TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();// Retrieve the touch point

if (Tp.z > 1000)

{

mSecSinceLastTouch = 0; //reset the timeout watchdog

TS_Point Dp = GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(Tp);

CurAdjState = (AdjustmentState)AdjustTimeAndDate(Dp);

Serial.printf("Tp.z = %d: AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %s\n", Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y, AdjValNameArray[(int)CurAdjState]);

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

ShowAdjButtons();

}

HideButtons();

HideHighlightBars();

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

ShowDateDisplay();

CurAdjState = ADJ_NONE;

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate = 0;

}

if (mSecSinceLastClockUpdate > CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC)

{

mSecSinceLastClockUpdate -= CLOCK_UPDATE_MSEC;

now = rtc.now();

ShowDateDisplay(); //Display day and date

//Display time

if (CurAdjState > ADJ_NONE)

{

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

}

else

{

ShowNormalTimeDisplay();

}

#pragma region DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

void GetDayDateTimeStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int mydayofweek = dt.dayOfTheWeek();

//mydayofweek = (mydayofweek < 0) ? 0 : mydayofweek; //guard for return of 0 from weekday()

int myday = dt.day();

int mymonth = dt.month();

int myyear = dt.year();

int myhour = dt.hour();

int mymin = dt.minute();

int mysec = dt.second();

char* dayofweek = (char*)daysOfTheWeek[mydayofweek];

sprintf(bufptr, "%s %4d/%02d/%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d", dayofweek, mymonth, myday, myyear, myhour, mymin, mysec);

}

void HourStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

int hourval = dt.hour();

if (hourval > 12)

{

hourval -= 12;

}

//sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", hourval);

sprintf(bufptr, "%d", hourval);

}

void MinuteStringFromDateTime(DateTime dt, char* bufptr)

{

sprintf(bufptr, "%02d", dt.minute());

}

#pragma endregion DATE_TIME_FUNCTIONS

AdjustmentState AdjustTimeAndDate(TS_Point Dp)

{

AdjustmentState adjstate = ADJ_NONE;

DateTime newtime;

DateTime now = rtc.now();

int new_hour = 0; int new_minute = 0; int new_month = 0; int new_day = 0;

int cur_day = 0; //added 07/13/21

//Serial.printf("In AdjustTimeAndDate with CurAdjState = %d, at point (%d,%d)\n", CurAdjState, Dp.x, Dp.y);

switch (CurAdjState)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

if (TimeBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR; //always start with hour

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

}

else if (DateBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH; //always start with month

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

}

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_HOUR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() + 1;

if (new_hour >= 24)

{

new_hour -= 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_hour = now.hour() - 1;

if (new_hour < 0)

{

new_hour += 24;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), new_hour, now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MIN);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MIN case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MIN;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() + 1;

if (new_minute >= 60)

{

new_minute = 0;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute, now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %2d:%2d\n", newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("ADJ_MIN case in DoMinusOp(). Decrementing Minute Value\n");

Serial.printf("Old time is %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(),now.minute());

new_minute = now.minute() - 1;

if (new_minute < 0)

{

Serial.printf("adjusting for 00/59 rollover\n");

new_minute = 59;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), new_minute);

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("New time is %d:%d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %2d:%2d\n", now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'decrement' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_SEC);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_SEC case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_SEC;

//both PLUS & MINUS operations simply reset seconds to zero

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), 0);

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute(), newtime.second());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

ShowLongTimeDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_HOUR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_HOUR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH: //07/13/21 rev to watch for next/prev month max days

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_MONTH case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() + 1;

if (new_month > 12)

{

new_month = 1; //07/13/21 bugfix

}

//07/13/21 have to adjust if current dayval > max for new month

cur_day = now.day();

if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);

new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];

}

else

{

new_day = cur_day;

}

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_month = now.month() - 1;

/*new_month = (new_month <= 0) ? 12 : new_month; */

if (new_month <= 0)

{

new_month = 12; //no need to check max days, as feb max is 28 and dec max is 31

}

else

{

//have to check max days for new month

cur_day = now.day();

if (cur_day > aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d Exceeds max days for new month (%d for %d)\n", cur_day, aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1], new_month);

new_day = aDaysInMonth[new_month - 1];

}

else new_day = cur_day;

}

//newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), new_month, new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_DAY);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_DAY case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_DAY;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = AdjustDayValue(now.month(), now.day() + 1); //not all months have same number of days

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

new_day = now.day() - 1;

new_day = (new_day <= 0) ? aDaysInMonth[now.month() - 1] : new_day;

newtime = DateTime(now.year(), now.month(), new_day, now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_YEAR);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

Serial.print("In AdjustTimeAndDate ADJ_YEAR case\n");

adjstate = ADJ_YEAR;

if (PlusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Plus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() + 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (MinusBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

Serial.printf("Minus box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

Serial.printf("Old time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", now.month(), now.day(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

newtime = DateTime(now.year() - 1, now.month(), now.day(), now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second());

Serial.printf("New time is %d/%d/%d %2d:%2d\n", newtime.month(), newtime.day(), newtime.year(), newtime.hour(), newtime.minute());

rtc.adjust(newtime);

now = rtc.now();

Serial.printf("RTC now set to %d/%d/%d %d:%d\n", now.day(), now.month(), now.year(), now.hour(), now.minute());

ShowDateDisplay();

delay(500); //delay for a while to avoid multiple 'add' operations

}

else if (NextBox.TouchHit(Dp.x, Dp.y))

{

//Serial.printf("Next box touch at (%d,%d)\n", Dp.x, Dp.y);

adjstate = ADJ_MONTH;

ShowHighlightBar(ADJ_MONTH);

delay(500); //prevent multiple NEXT transitions

}

break;

default:

break;

}

//Serial.printf("AdjustTimeAndDate(%d, %d) returns %d\n", Dp.x, Dp.y, (int)adjstate);

return adjstate;

}

#pragma region Helper Functions

TS_Point GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords(TS_Point Tp)

{

//Purpose: Retrieve a touch point in display coordinate system

//Inputs:

// Rotation value

// Mapping values

// TS_Point from touch chip

//Outputs:

// TS_Point object containing touch (X,Y) in display coordinates

//Plan:

// Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

// Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

//Step1: Retrieve touch point from touch chip

//TS_Point Tp = ts.getPoint();

TS_Point Dp;

//Step2: Map to display coordinates taking rotation into account

#ifdef SCREEN_ORIENTATION_1

Dp.x = map(Tp.x, TS_MAXX, TS_MINX, 0, tft.width());

Dp.y = map(Tp.y, TS_MAXY, TS_MINY, 0, tft.height());

#else

#endif

////DEBUG!!

//Serial.printf(" GetTouchPointInDisplayCoords: %lu\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",

// millis(), Tp.x, Tp.y, Tp.z, Dp.x, Dp.y);

////DEBUG!!

return Dp;

}

void ShowAdjButtons()

{

Serial.printf("In ShowAdjButtons\n");

HideButtons();

//03/13/21 new centering feature works great!

NextBox.Draw(&tft, "NEXT", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_20, true);

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, "+", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, "-", ILI9341_BLACK, Arial_40, true);

}

void HideButtons()

{

PlusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

MinusBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

NextBox.Draw(&tft, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowNormalTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowNormalTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.setCursor(0, 100);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setFont(Arial_72);

tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature

tft.printf("%2d:%02d", hournum, now.minute());

}

void ShowLongTimeDisplay()

{

//Serial.printf("In ShowLongTimeDisplay\n");

now = rtc.now();

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);

tft.setCursor(160, 120, true);//try the text centering feature

tft.setFont(Arial_60);

TimeBox.Draw(&tft); //redraws black background

int hournum = now.hour();

//guard against 1259->1300 && 2359->0000 transitions

if (hournum > 12)

{

hournum -= 12;

}

else if (hournum == 0)

{

hournum += 12;

}

hournum = (hournum > 12) ? hournum - 12 : hournum;

tft.printf("%2d:%02d:%02d", hournum, now.minute(), now.second());

}

void ShowHighlightBar(AdjustmentState adjstate)

{

switch (adjstate)

{

case ADJ_NONE:

Serial.printf("ADJ_NONE case in ShowHighlightBox()\n");

HideHighlightBars();

break;

case ADJ_HOUR:

HideHighlightBars();

HourHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_MIN:

HideHighlightBars();

MinuteHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_SEC:

HideHighlightBars();

SecondHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAYOFWEEK:

break;

case ADJ_MONTH:

HideHighlightBars();

MonthHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_DAY:

HideHighlightBars();

DayHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

case ADJ_YEAR:

HideHighlightBars();

YearHighlightBox.Draw(&tft);

break;

default:

break;

}

void HideHighlightBars()

{

tft.fillRect(0, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, DATE_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

tft.fillRect(0, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_YLOC, ALL_TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_WIDTH, TIME_HIGHLIGHT_BOX_HEIGHT, ILI9341_BLACK);

}

void ShowDateDisplay()

{

DateTime now = rtc.now();

DateBox.Draw(&tft);

tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(0, 0);

//tft.setTextSize(3);

tft.setFont(Arial_28);

tft.printf("%s %02d/%02d/%02d\n",

daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()], now.month(), now.day(), now.year());

}

int AdjustDayValue(int month, int day)

{

//Notes:

// 07/13/21 rev to handle negative day values

if (day > aDaysInMonth[month - 1])

{

Serial.printf("%d is greater than max days (%d) for this month - setting to 1\n", day, aDaysInMonth[month - 1]);

return 1;

}

//07/13/21 bugfix

else if (day <= 0)

{

int newdaynum = aDaysInMonth[month - 1];

Serial.printf("%d is <= 0: set to max days (%d) for this month\n", day, newdaynum);

return newdaynum;

}

else

{

return day;

}

#pragma endregion Helper Functions

And then the ‘CustomBox’ class file (no .cpp file – everything is in the .h file)

#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_	
#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>
#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox
{
public:
	int x;
	int y;
private:
	int w;
	int h;
	int color;
public:
	CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);
	void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);
	bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);
};


CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = 0;
	y = 0;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
{
	x = in_x;
	y = in_y;
	w = in_w;
	h = in_h;
	color = in_color;
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)
{
	int txt_x = x;
	int txt_y = y;
	disp->setFont(font);
	if (centered)
	{
		txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));
		txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));
	}

	Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)
{
	int txt_x = x;
	int txt_y = y;
	disp->setFont(font);
	if (centered)
	{
		txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));
		txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));
	}

	//Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);
	disp->print(txt);
}


//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox
//{
//private:
//	char boxtext[6];
//public:
//	CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);
//};
//
//
//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)
//{
//	x = in_x;
//	y = in_y;
//	w = in_w;
//	h = in_h;
//	color = in_color;
//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	if (size==0)
	{
		size = round((float)h / 10.);
	}
	int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);
	//int char_x = x;
	disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);
	disp->print(c);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	disp->print(txt);
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)
{
	Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
	//disp->setCursor(x, y);
	disp->setTextSize(size);
	//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);
	//disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);
	disp->drawString(buff, strlen(buff), x, y); //03/09/21 in latest library version drawString1 was made into an overload of drawString
}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)
{
	disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);
}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box
	//Inputs:
	//  in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates
	//  box location & dimensions
	//Outputs:
	//  true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region.  Othewise, false

	//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",
	//	in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

	return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);
}

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#pragma once

#ifndef _ILI9341_t3NH_

#include <ILI9341_t3n.h>

#endif // !_ILI9341_t3NH_

class CustomBox

{

public:

int x;

int y;

private:

int w;

int h;

int color;

public:

CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered = false);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size);

void Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int color);

bool TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y);

};

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = 0;

y = 0;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

{

x = in_x;

y = in_y;

w = in_w;

h = in_h;

color = in_color;

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)

{

int txt_x = x;

int txt_y = y;

disp->setFont(font);

if (centered)

{

txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));

txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));

}

Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int txtcolor, ILI9341_t3_font_t font, bool centered)

{

int txt_x = x;

int txt_y = y;

disp->setFont(font);

if (centered)

{

txt_x = x + round((float)(w / 2.));

txt_y = y + round((float)(h / 2.));

}

//Serial.printf("txt cursor set to (%d,%d)\n", txt_x, txt_y);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->setCursor(txt_x, txt_y, centered);

disp->print(txt);

}

//class CustomBoxWithText :CustomBox

//{

//private:

// char boxtext[6];

//public:

// CustomBoxWithText(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color, char* txt);

//};

//CustomBox::CustomBox(int in_x, int in_y, int in_w, int in_h, int in_color)

//{

// x = in_x;

// y = in_y;

// w = in_w;

// h = in_h;

// color = in_color;

//}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char c, int txtcolor, int size = 0)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

if (size==0)

{

size = round((float)h / 10.);

}

int char_x = x + round((float)w / 4.);

//int char_x = x;

disp->setCursor(char_x, y+size);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->setTextColor(txtcolor);

disp->print(c);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, String txt, int size)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

disp->print(txt);

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, char* buff, int size)

{

Serial.printf("In Draw() with buff = %s\n", buff);

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);

//disp->setCursor(x, y);

disp->setTextSize(size);

//disp->setTextDatum(MC_DATUM);

//disp->drawString1(buff, strlen(buff), x, y);

disp->drawString(buff, strlen(buff), x, y); //03/09/21 in latest library version drawString1 was made into an overload of drawString

}

inline void CustomBox::Draw(ILI9341_t3n* disp, int newcolor)

{

disp->fillRect(x, y, w, h, newcolor);

}

inline bool CustomBox::TouchHit(int in_x, int in_y)

{

//Purpose: Determine if input coordinates are within a specified box

//Inputs:

// in_x, in_y = integers denoting mapped touch coordinates

// box location & dimensions

//Outputs:

// true if (in_x, in_y) falls within box region. Othewise, false

//Serial.printf("TouchHit(%d,%d), box (x,y,w,h) = (%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",

// in_x, in_y, x, y, w, h);

return (in_x > x && in_y > y && in_x < x + w && in_y < y + h);

}

Stay tuned,

Frank

Dewalt DWS713 Miter Saw Cut Line Shadow Mod

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My wife got me a brand-new Dewalt DWS713 Miter Saw for Christmas, and boy is it nice! Sure beats the heck out of my old plastic miter box, that’s for sure. After playing with it for a while and making some gorgeous cuts, I decided I wanted to try my hand at adding a cut line shadow modification.

After doing some web research, I found this post, of a guy who added a cut line shadow system to Bosch miter saw, and this Thingiverse design for a LED mounting shroud. So, I ordered an LED lamp similar to the one used in the video, and downloaded the Thingiverse shroud design so I could print one here on my 3D printer.

The LED lamp comes with a small cylindrical control module containing an ON/OFF switch and an AC/CD converter, as shown here

ON/OFF switch and AC/DC converter are housed in the magnetic base

As described in the video showing how to mount a cut line shadow LED to a Bosch miter saw, the gooseneck part of the LED lamp wasn’t long enough to allow full travel of the blade guard. So I cut the gooseneck away from the magnetic base, and fabricated a new housing for the AC/DC converter and (because I managed to screw up the original one) a new, larger ON/OFF switch.

3D printed enclosure for ON/OFF switch and AC/DC converter.

With the added length gained by replacing the original cylindrical enclosure, I was able to mount the LED at the front end of the blade housing and still allow full travel of the retractable blade guard. However, I discovered that I needed to reduce the height of the LED lamp housing slightly, to allow more clearance for the retractable blade guard travel, as shown

Here is a photo of the LED assembly temporarily attached to the miter saw, with the retractable blade guard removed

This temporary setup produced a nice cut line shadow as shown below

The photo below shows the completed assembly, with the gooseneck attached to the blade housing via a 3D-printed gooseneck retainer clip and two 3mm machine screws (the blade housing was drilled & tapped for 3mm), and the control housing mounted to the rear of the blade housing.

The final product seems to work fairly well, as demonstrated in the following photo

Here is a photo of the 3D-printed gooseneck retainer clip

I used hot glue to temporarily attach the clip to the blade housing, and then drilled through the clip and into the housing with a 3mm tap drill. Then I removed the clip, tapped the housing for a 3mm screw, and then re-drilled the clip for a 3mm clearance hole, then re-assembled using 2ea 3mm x 6mm machine screws.

Here is a screenshot showing the rounded-corner enclosure I designed to hold the ON/OFF switch and the AC/DC converter

Because I managed to screw up the original ON/OFF switch, I used this switch I had in my parts bin, from an earlier project

All the 3-D printable parts are on Thingiverse here.

27 October 2021 Update:

While changing blades the other day, I noticed that the front LED lamp holder had come loose from the top of the blade guard – the hot glue attachment of the holder had detached from the metal. So, I printed up a new lamp holder with longer sides and this time attached it with 3mm screws to 3mm tapped holes in the blade guard, as shown in the following photo:

New front LED lamp hold, this time attached with two 3mm screws

Replacing HC-SRO4 Ultrasonic Sensors with VL53L0X Arrays Part III

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In the previous two posts on this subject, I described my efforts to replace the ultrasonic ‘ping’ sensors on my autonomous wall-following robot Wall-E2 with ST Microelectronics VL53L0X ‘Time-of-Flight’ LIDAR proximity sensors, with the aim of using an array of the ToF sensors to solve the problem of wall tracking at a specified offset. Part II demonstrated just such a capability, but only on the right side, and not in a way that was fully integrated with the rest of the robot operating system.

This post describes the work to fully integrate the new ‘parallel-find’ and ‘OffsetCapture/Track’ algorithms into the rest of the robot’s autonomous wall-following operating system. The robot operating system is a loop that runs every 200 mSec. Each time through the loop the current operating mode is determined in GetOpMode(), as follows:

Dead Battery: Battery died before robot could find and connect to a charging station
IR Homing: Robot has detected a charging station and is homing on it’s IR signal
Charging: Robot is currently charging on one of the available charging stations
Wall Follow: nothing else is going on, so continue tracking the nearest wall

In the above list, all but the last (Wall Follow) are ‘blocking’ in the sense that once they start, they run to completion without interruption. The ‘Wall Follow’ mode processing path however, typically makes a small adjustment to the left/right motor speeds depending on the situation and then exits back to the main loop, where GetOpMode() runs again. So wall following involves multiple passes through GetOpModes() so that higher-priority tasks (like dead battery recognition, IR homing, and battery charging are executed in a timely manner.

The result of GetOpMode() is passed to a CASE statement where actions appropriate to the determined mode are executed as follows:

MODE_CHARGING: This mode blocks until charging is complete
MODE_IRHOMING: This mode blocks while homing station to the charge station. If the robot isn’t ‘hungry’, it attempts to go around the charging station rather than connecting to it.
MODE_DEADBATTERY: This mode blocks forever
MODE_WALLFOLLOW: This is the default robot mode – whenever one of the above ‘special’ modes doesn’t apply. The MODE_WALLFOLLOW mode is further broken down into tracking cases as determined in GetTrackingDir(), which returns one of TRACKING_NONE, TRACKING_LEFT, TRACKING_RIGHT, or TRACKING_NEITHER.

With the replacement of the ‘ping’ sensors with the VL53L0X array) Wall-E2 can now accurately determine its orientation with respect to a nearby wall. So I now believe I can make the offset capture operation a blocking call, significantly simplifying the MODE_WALLFOLLOW code. Here is the code for the TRACKING_RIGHT case:

case TRACKING_RIGHT:
	//06/20/2020 rewritten to use PID engine and VL53L0X array
	trackstr = "Right"; //used for telemetry printouts

	if (frontdistval <= MIN_OBS_DIST_CM || IsStuck(frontvar))
	{
		//09/19/18 bugfix - 1st param is 'nearest wall', not 'turn direction'
		BackupAndTurn(false, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg left
	}

	//Step-turn Left = Tracking Right && Step && !Stuck
	else if (frontdistval > MIN_OBS_DIST_CM && frontdistval <= STEPTURN_DIST_CM)
	{
		//02/26/20 StepTurn() is now a blocking fcn - doesn't return until step-turn is complete
		StepTurn(TRACKING_RIGHT);
	}

	//if we get to here, not stuck and no nearby obstacle issues
	else if (PrevOpMode != MODE_WALLFOLLOW)//02/26/20 first time through capture offset
	{
		//02/26/20 if capture successful, change ToFArrayPID params for wall tracking
		if (CaptureWallOffset(TRACKING_RIGHT, DESIRED_WALL_OFFSET_DIST_CM))
		{
			ToFArrayPID.SetTunings(10, 0, 1); //try more aggresive than capture, but less than parallel rotate
			ToFArrayPID.SetOutputLimits(-MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //give PID full rein on motor speeds
			ToFSetpoint = Lidar_RightCenter; //now track the center distance, not steering value
		}

		PrevOpMode = MODE_WALLFOLLOW; //skip capture op after first time through
	}

	//01/30/17 added for manual remote control via Wixel
	CheckForUserInput();

	GetRequestedVL53l0xValues(VL53L0X_RIGHT);
	ToFSteeringVal = Lidar_RightFront - Lidar_RightRear + Lidar_RightCenter; //use ALL info - not just distance!

	//update motor speeds, skipping bad values
	if (!isnan(ToFSteeringVal))
	{
		//By default, computes new output approx 10 times/sec (use SetSampleTime() to change)
		if (ToFArrayPID.Compute())//if Compute returns TRUE, IRHomingOutput has new value
		{
			leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF - ToFOutput;
			rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF + ToFOutput;

			MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum);
		}
	}
	break;

case TRACKING_RIGHT:

//06/20/2020 rewritten to use PID engine and VL53L0X array

trackstr = "Right"; //used for telemetry printouts

if (frontdistval <= MIN_OBS_DIST_CM || IsStuck(frontvar))

{

//09/19/18 bugfix - 1st param is 'nearest wall', not 'turn direction'

BackupAndTurn(false, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg left

}

//Step-turn Left = Tracking Right && Step && !Stuck

else if (frontdistval > MIN_OBS_DIST_CM && frontdistval <= STEPTURN_DIST_CM)

{

//02/26/20 StepTurn() is now a blocking fcn - doesn't return until step-turn is complete

StepTurn(TRACKING_RIGHT);

}

//if we get to here, not stuck and no nearby obstacle issues

else if (PrevOpMode != MODE_WALLFOLLOW)//02/26/20 first time through capture offset

{

//02/26/20 if capture successful, change ToFArrayPID params for wall tracking

if (CaptureWallOffset(TRACKING_RIGHT, DESIRED_WALL_OFFSET_DIST_CM))

{

ToFArrayPID.SetTunings(10, 0, 1); //try more aggresive than capture, but less than parallel rotate

ToFArrayPID.SetOutputLimits(-MOTOR_SPEED_HALF, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //give PID full rein on motor speeds

ToFSetpoint = Lidar_RightCenter; //now track the center distance, not steering value

}

PrevOpMode = MODE_WALLFOLLOW; //skip capture op after first time through

}

//01/30/17 added for manual remote control via Wixel

CheckForUserInput();

GetRequestedVL53l0xValues(VL53L0X_RIGHT);

ToFSteeringVal = Lidar_RightFront - Lidar_RightRear + Lidar_RightCenter; //use ALL info - not just distance!

//update motor speeds, skipping bad values

if (!isnan(ToFSteeringVal))

{

//By default, computes new output approx 10 times/sec (use SetSampleTime() to change)

if (ToFArrayPID.Compute())//if Compute returns TRUE, IRHomingOutput has new value

{

leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF - ToFOutput;

rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_HALF + ToFOutput;

MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

}

break;

In the above code the robot first checks for obstacles, and either maneuvers to capture the desired wall offset (first time through this case) or continues to track the previously captured offset.

Integrating Heading-based Wall Tracking into Wall-E2

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Posted 09 September 2019

After successfully demonstrating heading-based wall tracking with my little 2-motor robot, I am now trying to add this capability to Wall-E2’s repertoire.

Current Algorithm:

Every MIN_PING_INTERVAL_MSEC millisec Wall-E2 measures left/right/forward distances, and then calls ‘GetOpMode()’ to determine its current operating mode. The currently defined modes are:

MODE_NONE: (0) default case
MODE_CHARGING (1): connected to the charger and not finished
MODE_IRHOMING (2): coded IR signal from a charger has been detected
MODE_WALLFOLLOW (3): trying to run parallel to a wall
MODE_DEADBATTERY (4): battery exhausted

The MODE_WALLFOLLOW operational mode is returned from GetOpMode() when none of the other modes are active – in other words it is the real ‘default mode’. The MODE_WALLFOLLOW mode has three distinct sub-modes;

- TRACKING_LEFT (1): actively tracking the left wall
- TRACKING_RIGHT (2): actively tracking the right wall
- TRACKING_NEITHER (3): not tracking either wall (both distances > 200cm)

TRACKING_LEFT & TRACKING_RIGHT are identical for purposes of heading-based wall tracking, and the TRACKING_NEITHER case isn’t relevant, so we just have to come up with a way of integrating heading-based tracking into either the LEFT or RIGHT case. The TRACKING_LEFT case block is shown below:

			case TRACKING_LEFT:
			#pragma region TRACKLEFT
				trackstr = "Left"; //used for telemetry printouts

				//Bkp & Rot Right = Tracking Left && (Near || Stuck)
				if (frontdistval <= MIN_OBS_DIST_CM || IsStuck(frontvar))
				{
					Serial.println("---- Backup & Turn to the Right");

					//09/19/18 bugfix - 1st param is 'nearest wall', not 'turn direction'
					//BackupAndTurn(false, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg right //c/o 02/23/17 for IR Track debug
					BackupAndTurn(true, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg right //c/o 02/23/17 for IR Track debug

					//go back to normal tracking mode after B&T completes
					NavCase = NAV_WALLTRK;
				}

				//Step-turn Right = Tracking Left && Step && !Stuck
				//this section *starts* the step-turn.  It is terminated as soon as frontdistval exits step-turn window
				else if (frontdistval > MIN_OBS_DIST_CM && frontdistval <= STEPTURN_DIST_CM)
				{
					//if we aren't already in Step-turn mode, start it.  Otherwise, skip
					if (NavCase != NAV_STEPTURN)
					{
						Serial.println("---- Starting Stepturn to the Right");
						NavCase = NAV_STEPTURN;
						leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_MAX;
						rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_LOW;
						MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum); 
					}
				}

				//Wall-tracking Left = Tracking Left && Far away from obstacles
				else if (frontdistval > STEPTURN_DIST_CM)
				{
					if (NavCase == NAV_STEPTURN)
					{
						mySerial.printf("Exiting Step-turn to the right\n");
					}

					NavCase = NAV_WALLTRK;
					UpdateWallFollowMotorspeeds(leftdistval, rightdistval, leftspeednum, rightspeednum);
					MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum); 
				}

				PrintWallFollowTelemetry(frontvar); //added 04/15/19
			#pragma endregion Tracking Left Wall Case
				break;

case TRACKING_LEFT:

#pragma region TRACKLEFT

trackstr = "Left"; //used for telemetry printouts

//Bkp & Rot Right = Tracking Left && (Near || Stuck)

if (frontdistval <= MIN_OBS_DIST_CM || IsStuck(frontvar))

{

Serial.println("---- Backup & Turn to the Right");

//09/19/18 bugfix - 1st param is 'nearest wall', not 'turn direction'

//BackupAndTurn(false, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg right //c/o 02/23/17 for IR Track debug

BackupAndTurn(true, MOTOR_SPEED_HALF); //backup and turn 90 deg right //c/o 02/23/17 for IR Track debug

//go back to normal tracking mode after B&T completes

NavCase = NAV_WALLTRK;

}

//Step-turn Right = Tracking Left && Step && !Stuck

//this section *starts* the step-turn. It is terminated as soon as frontdistval exits step-turn window

else if (frontdistval > MIN_OBS_DIST_CM && frontdistval <= STEPTURN_DIST_CM)

{

//if we aren't already in Step-turn mode, start it. Otherwise, skip

if (NavCase != NAV_STEPTURN)

{

Serial.println("---- Starting Stepturn to the Right");

NavCase = NAV_STEPTURN;

leftspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_MAX;

rightspeednum = MOTOR_SPEED_LOW;

MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

}

//Wall-tracking Left = Tracking Left && Far away from obstacles

else if (frontdistval > STEPTURN_DIST_CM)

{

if (NavCase == NAV_STEPTURN)

{

mySerial.printf("Exiting Step-turn to the right\n");

}

NavCase = NAV_WALLTRK;

UpdateWallFollowMotorspeeds(leftdistval, rightdistval, leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

MoveAhead(leftspeednum, rightspeednum);

}

PrintWallFollowTelemetry(frontvar); //added 04/15/19

#pragma endregion Tracking Left Wall Case

break;

The first thing that happens is a check for an obstacle within the MIN_OBS_DIST_CM or the ‘stuck’ condition (determined via a call to ‘IsStuck()’). If this test passes, a check is made for an obstacle that is farther away than MIN_OBS_DIST_CM but closer than STEPTURN_DIST_CM, so a gradual ‘step-turn’ can be made to negotiate an upcoming corner. If that check too fails, then the robot is assumed to be tracking the left wall, safely far from any oncoming obstacles. In this case, a new set of motor speeds is computed using a PID setup to keep the left PING distance constant – no consideration is given for whether or not the PING distance is appropriate – just that it is either greater or less than the one measured in the last pass.

So, the thing we want to change is the way the robot responds to PING distances to the left wall. We want the robot to acquire and maintain a selected standoff distance from the wall being tracked (the LEFT wall in this case). Pretty much by definition, this requires two distinct activities – the first to acquire the selected standoff distance, and the second to maintain that distance for the duration of the wall-tracking activity. So now we have three state variables for wall tracking, and only the last one (ACQUIRE/MAINTAIN) is new

TRACKING_LEFT/RIGHT
- NAV_WALLTRK (as opposed to NAV_STEPTURN)
  - PHASE_ACQUIREDIST/PHASE_MAINTAINDIST

In the PHASE_ACQUIREDIST phase, a heading change of up to 20 deg is made in the appropriate direction to move toward the selected offset distance. The situation is then monitored in subsequent loop passes to determine if a larger or small heading cut is required. When the robot gets close to the desired distance, all the added heading offset is removed and the robot enters the PHASE_MAINTAINDIST phase. In this phase, small(er) ping distance variations cause larg(er) heading changes, resulting in a sawtooth pattern about the selected distance.

Alzheimer’s Light Strobe Therapy Project

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Posted 24 March, 2019

A friend told me about a recent medical study at MIT where lab mice (genetically engineered to form amyloid plaques in their brains to emulate a syndrome commonly associated with Alzheimer’s) were subjected a 40Hz strobe light several hours per day. After repeated exposures, the mice showed significantly reduced plaque density in their brains, leading the researchers to speculate that ‘light strobe therapy’ might be an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s in humans.

The friend’s spouse has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, so naturally he was keen to try this with his spouse, and asked me if I knew anything about strobe lights and strobe timing, etc. I told him I could probably come up with something fairly quickly, and so I started a project to design and fabricate a light strobe therapy box.

The project involves a 3D printed housing and 9V battery clip, along with a white LED and a Sparkfun Pro Micro 5V/16MHz microcontroller, as shown in the following schematic.

Strobe Therapy schematic

I had a reflector hanging around from another project, so I used it just as much for the aesthetics as for functionality, and I designed and printed up a 2-part cylindrical housing. I also downloaded and printed a 9V battery clip to hold the battery, as shown in the following photos

Finished Strobe Therapy Unit

Internal parts arrangement

Closeup showing Sparkfun Pro Micro microcontroller

The program to generate the 40Hz strobe pulses is simplicity itself. I used the Arduino ‘elapsedMillis’ library for more accurate frequency tuning, but ‘delay()’ would probably be close enough as well.

/*
    Name:       StrobeTherapy.ino
    Created:	3/21/2019 6:51:45 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/

#include <elapsedMillis.h>


const int LED_PIN = 2;
const float BLINK_DELAY_MSEC = 25;
elapsedMillis sinceLastBlink; //strobe frequency delay

void setup()
{

	Serial.begin(115200);
	pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}


void loop()
{
	if (sinceLastBlink >= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC)
	{
		sinceLastBlink -= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC;
		digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
		delay(BLINK_DELAY_MSEC/2);  //LED ON time (msec)
		digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
	}
}

Name: StrobeTherapy.ino

Created: 3/21/2019 6:51:45 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

const int LED_PIN = 2;

const float BLINK_DELAY_MSEC = 25;

elapsedMillis sinceLastBlink; //strobe frequency delay

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

if (sinceLastBlink >= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC)

{

sinceLastBlink -= BLINK_DELAY_MSEC;

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);

delay(BLINK_DELAY_MSEC/2); //LED ON time (msec)

digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);

}

I’m not sure if this will do any good, but I was happy to help someone whose loved one is suffering from this cruel disease.

Frank

WallE2 Robot in Arduino #include file hell

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Posted 02 February 2019

After a vacation from my WallE2 autonomous wall-following robot code to recover from rotator cuff surgery (and creating/testing my new digital tensionometer), a week or so ago I decided it was time to get back into WallE2 mode. At the time I thought this would be a piece of cake, as I had left WallE2 in pretty good shape, code-wise back in September 2018 (at least that’s what I thought!).

Instead, For the past couple of weeks I have been enduring what can only be described as “#include file hell”. The first time I tried to compile my main program, I saw a couple of warnings in an i2cDev related library. The code still compiled, but I take all warnings very seriously, and these weren’t there the last time I compiled the code.

So, I started trying to figure out what, if anything, had changed, and how to go about fixing whatever problem had caused the warnings to pop up. Unfortunately, everything I did made things worse – and worse – and worse. Nothing made sense. Jeff Rowberg, the creator of the fine i2cDev collection of i2c device drivers was mystified, as was Tim Leek, the main guy on the Visual Micro forum. Arggghhhh!

So, Jeff Rowberg suggested I try compiling the project in the Arduino IDE rather than in VS2017/Visual Micro, to eliminate any issues caused by that environment. Up until this point I had actually never used the Arduino IDE, much preferring the more helpful and feature rich VS2017/Visual Micro IDE. But, what the heck – how hard could it be?

Well, the answer was – DAMNED HARD! Using the Arduino IDE after the VS/VM environment was like moving backwards in time from the 21st century to the stone age – having to rub sticks together to make a compile happen! Moreover, the Arduino IDE created even more (and different) problems than I had experienced so far, meaning that I not only wasn’t draining the swamp, but the alligators were getting even more numerous! Some of the ‘features’ of the Arduino IDE:

When the IDE is first launched, it comes up with the last .INO file loaded. If you want a different file, it launches a new IDE instance with file->open; soon your desktop is littered with IDE instances.
When it tries to find a library based on a ‘#include <libraryName.h>’ line, it can’t handle [library name]-master as is common with libraries downloaded from GitHub
It requires exact name matching, including capitalization. So ‘#include <libraryName>’ will not match with the ‘Arduino\Libraries\Libraryname’ folder.
Editing is clunky, and there’s no such thing as Intellisense.

After running around in circles with my hair on fire for the last week or so, making my wife miserable with my griping and inundating Tim Leek and Jeff Rowberg with ever-more-desperate cries for help, I finally decided that I was simply going to have to start over from scratch with my robot program (some 3000+ lines of code in the main program and over a dozen custom libraries), and just build it up piece by piece until everything works again – groan. It’s not like I don’t have backups and wasn’t using revision control – I do and I was; it’s just that the programs that compiled cleanly back in September are generating warnings and errors now, and everything I do makes the problem worse!

Since the original problem seemed to be related to the library that runs the DFRobots MPU6050 module, I decided to start there. After struggling up the learning curve on the Arduino IDE, I also decided I would make sure that each program step would compile cleanly in both the VS/VM and Arduino IDE’s before proceeding to the next step. I reasoned that since the Arduino IDE is much pickier about library locations and names, I could use it as sort of an editorial check on VS/VM; if it works in the Arduino IDE, the VS/VM setup will have no problem.

For the DFRobots MPU6050 6DOF IMU module, I started with Jeff Rowberg’s ‘MPU6050_DMP6.INO’ example program buried way down in the ‘i2cdevlib-master\Arduino\MPU6050\examples\MPU6050_DMP6’. According to the i2cDev ReadMe, I could either put the entire i2cDev-master folder in Arduino\Libraries and let the linker figure it out, or just put the required files in the project (solution folder for VS/VM, ‘sketchbook folder’ for Arduino IDE) folder. I elected for the latter (local files) option, as I was at least a little suspicious that part or all of my original problem was caused by the compiler/linker loading from the wrong library folder in the i2dDev folder tree. In addition, I completely removed the i2cDev folder tree from my PC and re-downloaded it from GitHub, placing it in a completely unrelated folder so that neither environment could possibly find it. Then I copied the required header/.cpp files from the hidden i2cDev folder tree into the project folder. In VS/VM I created a project called ‘MPU6050_DMP6_Example’ and copied the Arduino versions of I2Cdev.cpp/.h, MPU6050.cpp/.h, MPU6050_6Axis_Motion.h, and helper_3dmath.h into it. Then I started working to get this project to compile both in the VS/VM & Arduino IDE’s.

I’ve now gotten it to compile and link in the Arduino IDE (albeit with the same warnings I started with just before I went down the rabbit hole into header file hell). However, I can’t get it to compile in VS/VM – it blows a whole bunch of errors of the form – apparently one error for each MP6050 function)

cc51VoHg.ltrans0.ltrans.o*: In function main
   (.text.startup+0x1e4): undefined reference to MPU6050::initialize()
   (.text.startup+0x234): undefined reference to MPU6050::testConnection()
   (.text.startup+0x294): undefined reference to MPU6050::reset()
   (.text.startup+0x2a8): undefined reference to MPU6050::setSleepEnabled(bool)

cc51VoHg.ltrans0.ltrans.o*: In function main

(.text.startup+0x1e4): undefined reference to MPU6050::initialize()

(.text.startup+0x234): undefined reference to MPU6050::testConnection()

(.text.startup+0x294): undefined reference to MPU6050::reset()

(.text.startup+0x2a8): undefined reference to MPU6050::setSleepEnabled(bool)

These errors proved impossible to correct, and nobody on either the Arduino or Visual Micro forums seemed to be able to help. Finally in desperation I uninstalled and re-installed the Visual Micro extension to VS2017, and that didn’t solve the problem either – exactly the same behavior.

So, last night I uninstalled VS2017 entirely from my system, and deleted the entire contents of the temp folder being used for temporary compile files. On my system this was C:\Users\Frank\AppData\Local\Temp.

03 February 2019

This morning I reinstalled VS2017CE and, using the Tools & Extensions menu, reinstalled Visual Micro. I left everything pretty much at the default settings (including the IDE selection and IDE location entries). The only thing non-standard with the setup was the inclusion of ‘https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sparkfun/Arduino_Boards/master/IDE_Board_Manager/package_sparkfun_index.json’ in the ‘Optional additional boards manager urls’ field. This was apparently left over from my previous installation. I’m not worried about this particular setting, but it does indicate that not everything about the previous incarnation of Visual Micro was actually removed from my system.

After installing VS/VM, I ran through a few of my simpler projects, and so far they have all compiled w/o problems (or had understandable and easily fixable problems). I also compiled each program in the Arduino IDE, taking care to follow the Arduino IDE restrictions (no “-master” in library folder names, exact capitalization, etc).

BlinkTest.ino – very simple, no #includes
ClassTest.ino – Very simple class construction project – no #includes
DigitalScale.ino – Several #includes, including the HX-711 load cell library
StepperSpeedCtrl – uses #include <Stepper.h>
AdaFruit_BTLE_UART_Test.ino – uses 7 different library #includes
Arduino_IMU6050_Test4.ino – uses i2cDev and MPU6050 libraries, along with SBWire, elapsedMillis, and PrintEx. this compiled OK, but with the same warnings (overrun & ‘one definition rule’) as when I first started this odyssey. Fortunately, that’s all that happened – I didn’t get the ‘(.text.startup+0x1e4): undefined reference to MPU6050::initialize()’ error – yay! This program also compiles in the Arduino IDE, with the same exact warnings. So, it appears I may be back where I started on this odyssey, with a program using the MPU6050 libraries that compiles OK but with one understandable/fixable warning (the overrun warning) and one mystery warning (the ‘one definition rule’ warning)

MPU6050_DMP6_Example: spoke too soon! This program blows the same ‘(.text.startup+0x1e4): undefined reference to MPU6050::initialize()’ errors as before in VM, but compiles fine (albeit with the same two warnings as always) in the Arduino IDE.
Arduino_IMU6050_Test4: This is a program I created some time ago, and I found that it compiles/links fine (stil with the overrun/ODR warnings), both VS/VM and Arduino IDE

In desperation, I decide to create a completely new Arduino project in VS/VM, copy the ‘known-good’ code from Arduino_IMU6050_Test4 into it, and then start hacking it down to the point where it fails. Surprise surprise, when I did this, the new project (UnDefTest2) failed right away in VS/VM, blowing LOTS of linker errors! Moreover, it compiled/linked fine in Arduino IDE – how could this be? There MUST be something different about the VS/VM environment between Arduino_IMU6050_Test4 and UnDefTest4 – but what? After putting the two projects up side-by-side (this is where a dual monitor setup comes in REAL handy), I finally twigged to the difference; in the ‘working’ version, the local header/cpp files had been ‘added’ to the project’s ‘Header Files’ and ‘Source Files’ folders via the Solution Explorer (right-click on the folder icon, select ‘Add Existing…’, select the desired files, click OK). As soon as I added the relevant files to the UnDefTest4 project, it compiled/linked fine – YAY!!

I could not believe what I was seeing! For some reason, VS/VM refused to process header/cpp files in the same folder as the .INO file, even though I had carefully checked the ‘Local Files Override Library Files’ option in the ‘Vmicro->Compiler’ menu. At the same time, the Arduino IDE always searches the local folder before anything else, so simply placing the relevant files in the local folder does the trick. The fact that Visual Micro requires an additional (and non-intuitive) step for this boggles the mind.

04 February 2019

OK, when I started all this foolishness I was trying to find out (and fix) whatever was causing the ‘One Definition Rule’ (ODR) violation warning I was getting on all my programs that used the MPU6050. I really really hate warnings, and I was determined to get to the bottom of this, and I finally did!

The ‘one definition rule’ (ODR) warning is caused when the compiler/linker sees code that can produce two different definitions for the same object. If that can happen, EVER, then an ODR violation warning is issued. Believe it or not, that is exactly what happens when the compiler processes MPU6050.H – it sees that there are some conditions for which two different descriptions of the MPU6050 class could exist – and says “no no”. The relevant portion of the class definition is shown below:

  private:
        uint8_t devAddr;
        uint8_t buffer[14];
    #if defined(MPU6050_INCLUDE_DMP_MOTIONAPPS20) or defined(MPU6050_INCLUDE_DMP_MOTIONAPPS41)
        uint8_t *dmpPacketBuffer;
        uint16_t dmpPacketSize;
    #endif

private:

uint8_t devAddr;

uint8_t buffer[14];

#if defined(MPU6050_INCLUDE_DMP_MOTIONAPPS20) or defined(MPU6050_INCLUDE_DMP_MOTIONAPPS41)

uint8_t *dmpPacketBuffer;

uint16_t dmpPacketSize;

#endif

When the compiler sees these lines, it says to itself; “Hmm, the way this is written, it is theoretically possible for there to exist two different versions of ‘Class MPU6050’, one with just two private member variables (devAddr & buffer) and one with four (with the addition of dmpPacketBuffer & dmpPacketSize), and this is a strict no-no; I’m going to whack that programmer across the head with an ODR violation!”

If the #ifdefined and #endif lines are commented out – the ODR warning goes away

Now, I suspect nobody has ever had a problem with this issue, as it would be very unlikely to have a project where BOTH versions of MPU6050 are in play, but of course the compiler doesn’t see it this way.

On a slightly different, but related subject, the OTHER warning was due to a potential integer overrun in the dmpGetGravity() function, as shown below:

uint8_t MPU6050::dmpGetGravity(int16_t *data, const uint8_t* packet) {
    /* +1g corresponds to +8192, sensitivity is 2g. */
    int16_t qI[4];
    uint8_t status = dmpGetQuaternion(qI, packet);
    data[0] = ((int32_t)qI[1] * qI[3] - (int32_t)qI[0] * qI[2]) / 16384;
    data[1] = ((int32_t)qI[0] * qI[1] + (int32_t)qI[2] * qI[3]) / 16384;
    data[2] = ((int32_t)qI[0] * qI[0] - (int32_t)qI[1] * qI[1]
	       - (int32_t)qI[2] * qI[2] + (int32_t)qI[3] * qI[3]) / (2 * 16384);
    return status;
}

uint8_t MPU6050::dmpGetGravity(int16_t *data, const uint8_t* packet) {

/* +1g corresponds to +8192, sensitivity is 2g. */

int16_t qI[4];

uint8_t status = dmpGetQuaternion(qI, packet);

data[0] = ((int32_t)qI[1] * qI[3] - (int32_t)qI[0] * qI[2]) / 16384;

data[1] = ((int32_t)qI[0] * qI[1] + (int32_t)qI[2] * qI[3]) / 16384;

data[2] = ((int32_t)qI[0] * qI[0] - (int32_t)qI[1] * qI[1]

- (int32_t)qI[2] * qI[2] + (int32_t)qI[3] * qI[3]) / (2 * 16384);

return status;

}

if the last line of the above calculation is changed to (note the addition of ‘UL’)
– (int32_t)qI[2] * qI[2] + (int32_t)qI[3] * qI[3]) / (2 * 16384UL);
then this warning goes away as well.

Mission accomplished! I now have MPU6050 code that compiles without errors (or warnings!!) in both the VS/VM and Arduino IDE environments. Along the way I learned more than I ever wanted to know about ‘One Definition Rule’ violations and the innards of both the VS/VM environment and the Arduino IDE.

to paraphrase a quote attributed to Abraham of Lincoln:

I feel like the man who was tarred and feathered and ridden out of town on a rail. To the man who asked him how he liked it, he said: “If it wasn’t for the honor of the thing, I’d rather walk.”

Stay tuned,

Frank

Digital Tension Scale, Part V

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posted 09 January 2019,

In my previous post on this subject I described the components I planned to use for my Digital Tension Scale project, and also the design for a box that would mount directly on the S-shaped load cell assembly.

This post describes the ‘final’ (to the extent than anything I do can be considered final) assembly of the completed system into my 3D-printed housing, and the results of some initial battery-powered testing.

As shown in the following photos, the major components (Teensy 3.2 microcontroller, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, HX-711 load cell amp/A-D, and Sparkfun ‘Basic’ LiPo Charger) were mounted on perfboard, which was then in turn attached to the box lid via a set of custom-printed standoffs. A short piece of ribbon cable connects the Teensy to the LCD display. The general idea behind this physical layout is to allow easy access to the electronics for troubleshooting, and to allow for battery charging and/or Teensy programming without having to open the box.

3D-printed housing. Note the glow from the Sparkfun charger LED

View of housing showing the access port for supplying USB power and/or programming the Teensy

View with the lid and electronics board removed. The LCD display is face down in its cutout

Exploded view showing all system components

Showing connections from load cell to HX-711

Top view showing how load cell attaches to the housing

Closeup showing load cell lead routing and power/programming port

End view showing charging port

Preliminary Testing Results:

At this point I have everything running on battery power only inside the box, and I have been able to demonstrate remote data capture on my PC using the HC-05 BT link. The following image shows the data taken from my rowing machine, and a short video demonstrating the setup.

Complete Code:

Here is the complete Teensy 3.2 program as it stands today. As you can see if you inspect the code, I have the Teensy low-power stuff turned OFF for the moment (that’s the purpose of the ‘#define NO_SNOOZE’ statement.

/*
    Name:       TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino
    Created:	12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/

//12/27/18 Added bluetooth support via Serial1
//12/27/18 Added calibration code from TeensyDigitalCalibration.ino

/*
	Name:       DigitalScaleAutoCal.ino
	Created:	11/15/2018 4:49:12 PM
	Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank

	This program is a modification of the November 2016 circuits4you.com program for interfacing
	with the HX711 Module coupled with a typical load cell.  It's purpose is to automatically
	calibrate the combination to accurately display weight in Kg.
	The process is as follows:
	Step1:	User opts to calibrate by entering 'Y' at the prompt.  Entering any other key (or
			just letting the question time out) will skip the calibration process
	Step2:  User establishes 'tare' weight physical configuration with any non-measured weight
			attached (in my case, the bucket used to hold measured amounts of water used for
			weight calibration), and then presses 'T' to zero out the 'tare weight'
	Step3:	The user establishes a calibration weight condition (in my case, 1.8 liters of water)
			and enters the weight value (in Kg).  The program then calculates the scale factor
			needed to calibrate the scale for the entered weight and then automatically
			drops into measurement mode
	Step5:	The user enters 'q' to quit measurements.

*/

/*
I need to combine the calibration code from TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino with this
program, so I can run the cal procedure by sending a character or two from my PC or phone.
No character, no calibration.
*/
#pragma region DEBUG_DEFINES
#define NO_SNOOZE

#pragma endregion Debugging Defines


#pragma region CAL_SUPPORT
#include <elapsedMillis.h>

elapsedMillis sinceLastWaitMsg;
const int WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC = 1000; //1-sec intervals
const int MAX_WAITING_INTERVALS = 10; //how long to wait before starting measurement
const int BUFLEN = 20;
int numWaitIntervals = 0;

char inbuf[BUFLEN]; //buffer for user input
char inbuf1[BUFLEN];//buffer for serial1 input

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
bool bDoneMeasuring = false;
const char* waitstr = "Waiting...Measurements will start in ";
#pragma endregion Calibration Support


#include <SPI.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP
//12/03/18 added for low power mode
#include <Snooze.h>
// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver
SnoozeTimer timer;
SnoozeUSBSerial usb;
SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);
const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;
const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;
//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;
//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;
const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;
const int BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN = 12;
int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL
#include "HX711.h"  //You must have this library in your arduino library folder
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM
#define DOUT  A1
#define CLK  A0
HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup
long tare_offset = 0;
const int LED_PIN = 13;
const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;
const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);
float scaleKg = 0;
float vBatt = 0;
#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY
// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):
// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read
// and written to during SPI transfer.  Be careful sharing these pins!
// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno
// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno
// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)
// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)
// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)
const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;
const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;
const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;
//const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;
const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;
//const int SPI_SCK_PIN = 12;
const int LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN = 3;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18
Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers
#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE
const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements
//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider
const int BATTV_READ_PIN = A7;
const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;
const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;
const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;
const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;
const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);
#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage



void setup() 
{
	Serial.begin(115200);
	delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

	Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

	Serial1.begin(9600);
	Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");


	//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM
	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	if (IsCalibrationRequired(5)) //number of time intervals to wait
	{
		if (DoCalibration(10, 20)) //01/03/19 added numwait params to sig
		{
			Serial.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");
			Serial1.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");
		}
		else
		{
			Serial.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");
			Serial1.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

		}


		Serial.printf("Time(mSec)\tWt(Kg)\n");
	}


	/********************************************************
	 Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.
	 ********************************************************/
	timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

	//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source
	analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);
	//initialize LCD display
	display.begin();
	display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark
	display.setTextSize(1);
	display.setTextColor(BLACK);
	display.setCursor(0, 0);

	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo
	delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec
	display.clearDisplay();   // clears the screen and buffer
	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

	display.setCursor(0, 0);
	display.println("Hello LCD!");
	display.display();

	pinMode(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //enable the bluetooth module

	//01/09/19 make sure the backlight LED is OFF
	pinMode(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW);
}


void loop()
{
	//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.
	display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap
	display.setCursor(0, 0);
	vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();
	//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();
	scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);
	Serial1.printf("%5.3f\r\n", scaleKg); //to BT module
	Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console
	display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display
	display.display();

#ifndef NO_SNOOZE

	//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep
	if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts++;
		if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
		{
			numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up
	}

	if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
	{
		Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());
		delay(1000); //needed to get the print out the door before sleeping

		//01/04/18 added to disable bluetooth module while sleeping
		digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, LOW);
		display.clearDisplay();
		display.display();
		Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep
	}

#endif // !NO_SNOOZE

	if (digitalRead(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN) == LOW)
	{
		digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //re-enable the BT module
	}

	delay(100);
}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()
{
	float kG = scale.get_units(3);
	//float kG = (float)random(0,40);
	display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");
	return kG;
}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()
{
	int batt_counts = analogRead(BATTV_READ_PIN);
	float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;
	display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");
	UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);
	return batt_volts;
}


void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)
{
	//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state
	//Inputs: 
	//	vbatt = current battery voltage
	//	FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage
	//	DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage
	//	BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims
	//Outputs: Updated battery symbol
	//Plan:
	//	Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	//	Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	//	Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;
	int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);
	//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);
	display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol
	if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)
	{
		//try drawing lines from corner to corner
		int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;
		int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;
		int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;
		int urY = ulY;
		int lrX = urX;
		int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;
		int llX = ulX;
		int llY = lrY;

		display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);
		display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);
	}
}

bool IsCalibrationRequired(int numWaitIntervals)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if the user wishes to run the cal procedure
	//Inputs: Serial and Serial1 (Serial is the normal PC serial port, Serial1 is Bluetooth
	//Outputs: returns TRUE if a 'y/Y' is received from either serial port within a 
	//		   few seconds of power-up.
	//Plan:
	//	Step1:  Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports
	//	Step2:	Watch for activity until timeout expires.  If nothing received,
	//			return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

	bool result = false;

//Step1:  Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

	//normal PC serial monitor port
	Serial.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\n");
	Serial.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\n");

	//Bluetooth serial port
	Serial1.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\r\n");
	Serial1.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\r\n");

	//Step2:  Watch for activity until timeout expires.  If nothing received,
	//			return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE
	int intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);
	Serial.printf("inbuf = %s, inbuf1 = %s\n", inbuf, inbuf1);


	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numWaitIntervals) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	Serial.printf("Received %s from Serial, %s from Serial1\n", inbuf, inbuf1);
	if (strncasecmp("Y", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("Y",inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
	{
		result = true;
	}

	return result;
}


bool GetUserInputStr0(char* inbuf)
{
	//Purpose: Get user input from Serial0
	//Inputs:
	//	inbuf = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input
	//Outputs:
	//	inbuf = String object containing user input.
	//	returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out
	//Plan:
	//	Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first
	//Notes:
	//	12/27/18 modified to work with both Serial & Serial1 ports.  We assume that 
	//			 userinput is coming from one port or the other, but not both
	//	01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

	//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr0\n");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

	int readbyte = 0;
	int charidx = 0;
	while (Serial.available() && charidx < 100)
	{
		readbyte = Serial.read();
		inbuf[charidx] = readbyte;
		charidx++;
	}

	if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)
	{
		Serial.print("Received "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from Serial0");
	}

	return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf) > 0);
}

bool GetUserInputStr1(char* inbuf1)
{
	//Purpose: Get user input from Serial1
	//Inputs:
	//	inbuf1 = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input from Serial1
	//Outputs:
	//	inbuf1 = String object containing user input from Serial1.
	//	returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out
	//Plan:
	//	Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first
	//Notes:
	//	12/30/18 coped from GetUserInput & modified to work with Serial1 ports
	//	01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

	//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr1\n");

	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

	int readbyte = 0;
	int charidx = 0;
	while (Serial1.available() && charidx < 100)
	{
		readbyte = Serial1.read();
		inbuf1[charidx] = readbyte;
		charidx++;
	}

	if (strlen(inbuf1) > 0)
	{
		Serial1.print("Received "); Serial1.print(inbuf1); Serial1.println(" from Serial1");
	}
	return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf1) > 0);
}

bool DoCalibration(int numwait_tare, int numwait_weight)
{
	Serial.printf("Digital Scale Program\n");
	Serial.printf("Program to automatically calibrate HX711/Load Cell to measure weight in Kg\n");

	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

	if (isnan((float)calibration_factor))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to -96650\n");
		calibration_factor = -96650;
	}
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

	if (isnan((float)tare_offset))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to zero\n");
		tare_offset = 0;
	}
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	//calibrate with known weights
	Serial.println("HX711 Calibration");
	Serial.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");
	Serial.println("Or any other character to skip this step");
	Serial1.println("HX711 Calibration");
	Serial1.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");
	Serial1.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

	int intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;
	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numwait_tare) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	if (strncasecmp("T", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("T", inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
	{
		tare_offset = scale.read_average(); //Get a baseline reading
		Serial.printf("Applying offset %li as tare adjustment\n", tare_offset);
		scale.set_offset(tare_offset); //this value will be subtracted from all future measurements
		Serial.printf("Writing offset %li to EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
		EEPROM_writeAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

		EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);
		Serial.printf("Read offset %li from EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
	}

	Serial.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");
	Serial.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

	Serial1.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");
	Serial1.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);
	intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numwait_weight) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	//calculate scale factor resulting in user-input wt
	//wt(Kg) = (read_avg - OFFSET)/Scale
	//Scale = (read_avg - OFFSET)/wt(Kg)

	double wtKg = 0;
	if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)
	{
		wtKg = atof(inbuf);
		Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\n", wtKg);
	}
	else if(strlen(inbuf1) > 0)
	{
		wtKg = atof(inbuf1);
		Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\r\n", wtKg);
	}
	else
	{
		Serial.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\n");
		Serial1.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\r\n");
	}

	long read_avg = scale.read_average();
	long offset = scale.get_offset();
	calibration_factor = (double)(read_avg - offset) / wtKg;
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); //Adjust to this calibration factor

	Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",
		wtKg, read_avg, offset);
	Serial.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

	Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",
		wtKg, read_avg, offset);
	Serial1.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

	EEPROM_writeAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
	Serial.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);
	Serial1.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial1.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);


	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
	Serial.print("Read cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);
	Serial1.print("Read cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial1.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

	Serial.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\n");
	Serial1.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\r\n");

	return true;
}

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Name: TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino

Created: 12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

//12/27/18 Added bluetooth support via Serial1

//12/27/18 Added calibration code from TeensyDigitalCalibration.ino

Name: DigitalScaleAutoCal.ino

Created: 11/15/2018 4:49:12 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

This program is a modification of the November 2016 circuits4you.com program for interfacing

with the HX711 Module coupled with a typical load cell. It's purpose is to automatically

calibrate the combination to accurately display weight in Kg.

The process is as follows:

Step1: User opts to calibrate by entering 'Y' at the prompt. Entering any other key (or

just letting the question time out) will skip the calibration process

Step2: User establishes 'tare' weight physical configuration with any non-measured weight

attached (in my case, the bucket used to hold measured amounts of water used for

weight calibration), and then presses 'T' to zero out the 'tare weight'

Step3: The user establishes a calibration weight condition (in my case, 1.8 liters of water)

and enters the weight value (in Kg). The program then calculates the scale factor

needed to calibrate the scale for the entered weight and then automatically

drops into measurement mode

Step5: The user enters 'q' to quit measurements.

I need to combine the calibration code from TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino with this

program, so I can run the cal procedure by sending a character or two from my PC or phone.

No character, no calibration.

#pragma region DEBUG_DEFINES

#define NO_SNOOZE

#pragma endregion Debugging Defines

#pragma region CAL_SUPPORT

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

elapsedMillis sinceLastWaitMsg;

const int WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC = 1000; //1-sec intervals

const int MAX_WAITING_INTERVALS = 10; //how long to wait before starting measurement

const int BUFLEN = 20;

int numWaitIntervals = 0;

char inbuf[BUFLEN]; //buffer for user input

char inbuf1[BUFLEN];//buffer for serial1 input

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands

bool bDoneMeasuring = false;

const char* waitstr = "Waiting...Measurements will start in ";

#pragma endregion Calibration Support

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP

//12/03/18 added for low power mode

#include <Snooze.h>

// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver

SnoozeTimer timer;

SnoozeUSBSerial usb;

SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);

const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;

const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;

//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;

//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;

const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;

const int BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN = 12;

int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL

#include "HX711.h" //You must have this library in your arduino library folder

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM

#define DOUT A1

#define CLK A0

HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands

long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup

long tare_offset = 0;

const int LED_PIN = 13;

const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;

const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);

float scaleKg = 0;

float vBatt = 0;

#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY

// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):

// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read

// and written to during SPI transfer. Be careful sharing these pins!

// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno

// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno

// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)

// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)

// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)

const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;

const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;

const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;

//const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;

const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;

//const int SPI_SCK_PIN = 12;

const int LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN = 3;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18

Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers

#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE

const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements

//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider

const int BATTV_READ_PIN = A7;

const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;

const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;

const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;

const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;

const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);

#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(115200);

delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

Serial1.begin(9600);

Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");

//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

if (IsCalibrationRequired(5)) //number of time intervals to wait

{

if (DoCalibration(10, 20)) //01/03/19 added numwait params to sig

{

Serial.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");

}

else

{

Serial.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

}

Serial.printf("Time(mSec)\tWt(Kg)\n");

}

/********************************************************

Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.

********************************************************/

timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source

analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);

//initialize LCD display

display.begin();

display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark

display.setTextSize(1);

display.setTextColor(BLACK);

display.setCursor(0, 0);

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec

display.clearDisplay(); // clears the screen and buffer

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

display.setCursor(0, 0);

display.println("Hello LCD!");

display.display();

pinMode(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //enable the bluetooth module

//01/09/19 make sure the backlight LED is OFF

pinMode(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW);

}

void loop()

{

//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.

display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap

display.setCursor(0, 0);

vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();

//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();

scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);

Serial1.printf("%5.3f\r\n", scaleKg); //to BT module

Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console

display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display

display.display();

#ifndef NO_SNOOZE

//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep

if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts++;

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;

}

else

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up

}

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());

delay(1000); //needed to get the print out the door before sleeping

//01/04/18 added to disable bluetooth module while sleeping

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, LOW);

display.clearDisplay();

display.display();

Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep

}

#endif // !NO_SNOOZE

if (digitalRead(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN) == LOW)

{

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //re-enable the BT module

}

delay(100);

}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()

{

float kG = scale.get_units(3);

//float kG = (float)random(0,40);

display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");

return kG;

}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()

{

int batt_counts = analogRead(BATTV_READ_PIN);

float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;

display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");

UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);

return batt_volts;

}

void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)

{

//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state

//Inputs:

// vbatt = current battery voltage

// FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage

// DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage

// BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims

//Outputs: Updated battery symbol

//Plan:

// Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

// Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

// Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;

int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);

//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);

display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)

{

//try drawing lines from corner to corner

int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;

int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;

int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;

int urY = ulY;

int lrX = urX;

int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;

int llX = ulX;

int llY = lrY;

display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);

display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);

}

bool IsCalibrationRequired(int numWaitIntervals)

{

//Purpose: Determine if the user wishes to run the cal procedure

//Inputs: Serial and Serial1 (Serial is the normal PC serial port, Serial1 is Bluetooth

//Outputs: returns TRUE if a 'y/Y' is received from either serial port within a

// few seconds of power-up.

//Plan:

// Step1: Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

// Step2: Watch for activity until timeout expires. If nothing received,

// return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

bool result = false;

//Step1: Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

//normal PC serial monitor port

Serial.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\n");

Serial.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\n");

//Bluetooth serial port

Serial1.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\r\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\r\n");

//Step2: Watch for activity until timeout expires. If nothing received,

// return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

int intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

Serial.printf("inbuf = %s, inbuf1 = %s\n", inbuf, inbuf1);

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numWaitIntervals) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

Serial.printf("Received %s from Serial, %s from Serial1\n", inbuf, inbuf1);

if (strncasecmp("Y", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("Y",inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended

{

result = true;

}

return result;

}

bool GetUserInputStr0(char* inbuf)

{

//Purpose: Get user input from Serial0

//Inputs:

// inbuf = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input

//Outputs:

// inbuf = String object containing user input.

// returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out

//Plan:

// Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first

//Notes:

// 12/27/18 modified to work with both Serial & Serial1 ports. We assume that

// userinput is coming from one port or the other, but not both

// 01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr0\n");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

int readbyte = 0;

int charidx = 0;

while (Serial.available() && charidx < 100)

{

readbyte = Serial.read();

inbuf[charidx] = readbyte;

charidx++;

}

if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)

{

Serial.print("Received "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from Serial0");

}

return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf) > 0);

}

bool GetUserInputStr1(char* inbuf1)

{

//Purpose: Get user input from Serial1

//Inputs:

// inbuf1 = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input from Serial1

//Outputs:

// inbuf1 = String object containing user input from Serial1.

// returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out

//Plan:

// Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first

//Notes:

// 12/30/18 coped from GetUserInput & modified to work with Serial1 ports

// 01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr1\n");

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

int readbyte = 0;

int charidx = 0;

while (Serial1.available() && charidx < 100)

{

readbyte = Serial1.read();

inbuf1[charidx] = readbyte;

charidx++;

}

if (strlen(inbuf1) > 0)

{

Serial1.print("Received "); Serial1.print(inbuf1); Serial1.println(" from Serial1");

}

return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf1) > 0);

}

bool DoCalibration(int numwait_tare, int numwait_weight)

{

Serial.printf("Digital Scale Program\n");

Serial.printf("Program to automatically calibrate HX711/Load Cell to measure weight in Kg\n");

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

if (isnan((float)calibration_factor))

{

Serial.printf("invalid cal factor: Setting to -96650\n");

calibration_factor = -96650;

}

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

if (isnan((float)tare_offset))

{

Serial.printf("invalid cal factor: Setting to zero\n");

tare_offset = 0;

}

scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

//calibrate with known weights

Serial.println("HX711 Calibration");

Serial.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");

Serial.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

Serial1.println("HX711 Calibration");

Serial1.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");

Serial1.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

int intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numwait_tare) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

if (strncasecmp("T", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("T", inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended

{

tare_offset = scale.read_average(); //Get a baseline reading

Serial.printf("Applying offset %li as tare adjustment\n", tare_offset);

scale.set_offset(tare_offset); //this value will be subtracted from all future measurements

Serial.printf("Writing offset %li to EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);

EEPROM_writeAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

Serial.printf("Read offset %li from EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);

}

Serial.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");

Serial.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

Serial1.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");

Serial1.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numwait_weight) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

//calculate scale factor resulting in user-input wt

//wt(Kg) = (read_avg - OFFSET)/Scale

//Scale = (read_avg - OFFSET)/wt(Kg)

double wtKg = 0;

if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)

{

wtKg = atof(inbuf);

Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\n", wtKg);

}

else if(strlen(inbuf1) > 0)

{

wtKg = atof(inbuf1);

Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\r\n", wtKg);

}

else

{

Serial.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\n");

Serial1.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\r\n");

}

long read_avg = scale.read_average();

long offset = scale.get_offset();

calibration_factor = (double)(read_avg - offset) / wtKg;

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); //Adjust to this calibration factor

Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",

wtKg, read_avg, offset);

Serial.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",

wtKg, read_avg, offset);

Serial1.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

EEPROM_writeAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);

Serial.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial1.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial1.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);

Serial.print("Read cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial1.print("Read cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial1.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\n");

Serial1.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\r\n");

return true;

}

Schematic:

Future Work:

Do some more work to reduce power consumption to extend the battery life. I got the ‘Snooze’ feature to work on the Teensy, but that only reduces the Teensy’s power consumption; it does nothing directly to reduce the power consumption of the other components. I tried using a MOSFET to turn the HC-05 BT module on & off, and found this to be impractical, as then the module loses its connection to the remote data collection device. I have also tried removing power from the LCD module, but that also turned out to be problematic.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Digital Tension Scale, Part IV

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Posted 25 December 2018

In my copious free time I have been refining the design for a low power battery operated tensionometer. In my last post on the subject, I had described the components I had planned to use, and in the ensuing weeks I have been working on implementing this design. There are several challenges in this project:

Bluetooth Link:

There are a huge number of Bluetooth products out there in the Maker-verse, with varying degrees of Arduino support, and widely varying performance characteristics. To add to the confusion, there is ‘regular’ Bluetooth and the more recent ‘BLE’ (Bluetooth Low Energy) which are completely incompatible with each other. As I now understand it, BLE is synonymous with Bluetooth 4.0+ (the iPhone 4S was the first smartphone to implement the new standard). However, the most common product in use in the Arduino world seems to be the venerable HC-05 ‘regular’ Bluetooth module, available from your local grocery store (well, not quite, but from almost everywhere else!) for not much more than a few pennies

I had no previous experience with BT modules, so this part of the project took some time, and was the last major part to be accomplished. After receiving my HC-05 modules from China, I used this tutorial to get started. The real challenge for this part of the project wasn’t getting the HC-05 hooked up to the microcontroller – it was sorting through all the layers of BT-related settings on my Win 10 laptop to pair with the HC-05 device and determine which serial port did what.

In Windows 10, I used the ‘Bluetooth and other devices settings’ panel (Settings -> Devices -> Bluetooth and other devices) to find and pair to the HC-05. The device shows up as ‘HC-05’ and the default pairing password is “1234”.
When the HC-05 is paired it automatically sets up at least two serial ports that show up in device manager as ‘Standard Serial over Bluetooth’ ports, as shown below. However, only one of these ports is actually usable for two-way communication, and it isn’t clear to me why, or how to tell which is which; I had to experiment with each available ‘SSoB’ port to figure out which to use (so far, it seems like the highest-numbered port is the proper one).
After the HC-05 is paired and the com ports are set up, then any serial terminal app (I used RealTerm) can be used to communicate between the PC and the microcontroller via the HC-05.
On the microcontroller (I used a Teensy 3.2 with multiple hardware serial ports), I wired the HC-05 to Serial1 leaving Serial (Serial0) available for normal communication between the Teensy and my Visual Studio 2017 Community Edition/Visual Micro add-on for Arduino development platform.

Physical Layout:

The original idea behind this project was to create a self-contained battery-operated digital weight scale that could display weight values on a local display, but could also stream the data live to a remote recording station like a laptop or smartphone. The ‘self-contained’ part requires that all the electronics be mounted on the S-shaped load cell assembly itself, and to that end I designed a housing that connects to the two bolts that hold the arms of the load cell. The idea is that all the electronics save the LCD display and the battery will be mounted to the underside of the box lid so that servicing would be easier. Also, by mounting everything to the lid, I can make cutouts for the charger and Teensy USB connectors for easy charging and reprogramming. After several iterations in TinkerCad, I came up with the following design

Looking up at the underside of the box lid, showing all modules except the battery and the LCD display

Showing the top of the lid with the mounting bracket for the load cell

Isometric view with transparent box walls. The LCD display module is under the battery. Note the cutouts for the charging and programming USB-C connections

Module Integration:

I had previously tested each module individually, but hadn’t had all of them working at the same time. I had tested the HC-05 with an Arduino Mega, and I had tested the load cell with both a Sparkfun Pro Micro and with a Teensy 3.2, and I had tested the Nokia LCD display with a Teensy 3.2, but I hadn’t put everything together. So I wired everything up on my half-size ASP plugboard and got it all working together with a simple program (included below) that exercised the LCD Display, the load cell, the BT module, and the battery charger, as shown in the following photos

RealTerm Serial Terminal Program showing load cell readouts collected wirelessly via the Bluetooth HC-05 modules

HC-05 Bluetooth, HX-711 Load Cell Amp, Sparkfun Charger, and Teensy Microcontroller modules integrated together. Note disconnected USB cable showing that the circuit is running on battery power. The scale is currently measuring 1.8 liters of water in the suspended plastic bag (note the ‘1.8 Kg’ reading on the LCD display)

Software:

The software used for the above integration tests is a reasonably complete sketch for day-to-day use of the digital weight scale. It displays the measured weight on the LCD display, and also sends it to the USB serial port for display on a directly connected PC, and to the HC-05 Bluetooth module for display/capture via a BT-connected laptop or smartphone. This program is shown below:

/*
    Name:       TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino
    Created:	12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP
//12/03/18 added for low power mode
#include <Snooze.h>
// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver
SnoozeTimer timer;
SnoozeUSBSerial usb;
SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);
const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;
//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;
const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;
//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;
const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;
int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL
#include "HX711.h"  //You must have this library in your arduino library folder
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM
#define DOUT  A1
#define CLK  A0
HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup
long tare_offset = 0;
const int LED_PIN = 13;
const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;
const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);
float scaleKg = 0;
float vBatt = 0;
#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY
// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):
// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read
// and written to during SPI transfer.  Be careful sharing these pins!
// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno
// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno
// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)
// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)
// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)
const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;
const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;
const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;
const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;
const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18
Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers
#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE
const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements
//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider
const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;
const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;
const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;
const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;
const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);
#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage



void setup() 
{
	Serial.begin(115200);
	delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

	Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

	Serial1.begin(9600);
	Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");


	/********************************************************
	 Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.
	 ********************************************************/
	timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

	//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source
	analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);

	//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM
	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	//initialize LCD display
	display.begin();
	display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark
	display.setTextSize(1);
	display.setTextColor(BLACK);
	display.setCursor(0, 0);

	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo
	delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec
	display.clearDisplay();   // clears the screen and buffer
	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

	////initial battery and scale reading
	//vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();
	//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();
	//display.display();
}


void loop()
{
	//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.
	display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap
	display.setCursor(0, 0);
	vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();
	//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();
	scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);
	Serial1.printf("%5.3f\n\r", scaleKg); //to BT module
	Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console
	display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display
	display.display();


	//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep
	if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts++;
		if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
		{
			numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;
		}
		//numInactiveScaleCounts = (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT) ? 
		//	MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT : numInactiveScaleCounts++;
		//display.display();
	}
	else
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up
		//vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();
		//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();
		//display.display();
	}

	if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
	{
		Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());
		//numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //this should cause system to stay awake for a second or so
		display.clearDisplay();
		display.display();
		Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep
	}

	delay(100);
}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()
{
	float kG = scale.get_units(3);
	//float kG = (float)random(0,40);
	display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");
	return kG;
}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()
{
	int batt_counts = analogRead(A9);
	float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;
	display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");
	UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);
	return batt_volts;
}


void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)
{
	//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state
	//Inputs: 
	//	vbatt = current battery voltage
	//	FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage
	//	DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage
	//	BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims
	//Outputs: Updated battery symbol
	//Plan:
	//	Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	//	Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	//	Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;
	int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);
	//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);
	display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol
	if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)
	{
		//try drawing lines from corner to corner
		int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;
		int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;
		int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;
		int urY = ulY;
		int lrX = urX;
		int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;
		int llX = ulX;
		int llY = lrY;

		display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);
		display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);
	}
}

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Name: TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino

Created: 12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP

//12/03/18 added for low power mode

#include <Snooze.h>

// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver

SnoozeTimer timer;

SnoozeUSBSerial usb;

SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);

const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;

//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;

const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;

//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;

const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;

int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL

#include "HX711.h" //You must have this library in your arduino library folder

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM

#define DOUT A1

#define CLK A0

HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands

long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup

long tare_offset = 0;

const int LED_PIN = 13;

const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;

const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);

float scaleKg = 0;

float vBatt = 0;

#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY

// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):

// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read

// and written to during SPI transfer. Be careful sharing these pins!

// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno

// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno

// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)

// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)

// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)

const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;

const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;

const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;

const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;

const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18

Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers

#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE

const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements

//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider

const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;

const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;

const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;

const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;

const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);

#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(115200);

delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

Serial1.begin(9600);

Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");

/********************************************************

Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.

********************************************************/

timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source

analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);

//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

//initialize LCD display

display.begin();

display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark

display.setTextSize(1);

display.setTextColor(BLACK);

display.setCursor(0, 0);

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec

display.clearDisplay(); // clears the screen and buffer

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

////initial battery and scale reading

//vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();

//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();

//display.display();

}

void loop()

{

//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.

display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap

display.setCursor(0, 0);

vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();

//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();

scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);

Serial1.printf("%5.3f\n\r", scaleKg); //to BT module

Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console

display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display

display.display();

//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep

if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts++;

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;

}

//numInactiveScaleCounts = (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT) ?

// MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT : numInactiveScaleCounts++;

//display.display();

}

else

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up

//vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();

//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();

//display.display();

}

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());

//numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //this should cause system to stay awake for a second or so

display.clearDisplay();

display.display();

Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep

}

delay(100);

}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()

{

float kG = scale.get_units(3);

//float kG = (float)random(0,40);

display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");

return kG;

}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()

{

int batt_counts = analogRead(A9);

float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;

display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");

UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);

return batt_volts;

}

void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)

{

//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state

//Inputs:

// vbatt = current battery voltage

// FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage

// DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage

// BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims

//Outputs: Updated battery symbol

//Plan:

// Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

// Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

// Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;

int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);

//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);

display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)

{

//try drawing lines from corner to corner

int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;

int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;

int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;

int urY = ulY;

int lrX = urX;

int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;

int llX = ulX;

int llY = lrY;

display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);

display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);

}

However, this program depends on the proper calibration of the load cell, which I have been doing with a separate sketch (also included below):

/*
    Name:       TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino
    Created:	12/11/2018 8:47:58 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/


/*
	Name:       DigitalScaleAutoCal.ino
	Created:	11/15/2018 4:49:12 PM
	Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank

	This program is a modification of the November 2016 circuits4you.com program for interfacing
	with the HX711 Module coupled with a typical load cell.  It's purpose is to automatically
	calibrate the combination to accurately display weight in Kg.
	The process is as follows:
	Step1:	User opts to calibrate by entering 'Y' at the prompt.  Entering any other key (or
			just letting the question time out) will skip the calibration process
	Step2:  User establishes 'tare' weight physical configuration with any non-measured weight
			attached (in my case, the bucket used to hold measured amounts of water used for
			weight calibration), and then presses 'T' to zero out the 'tare weight'
	Step3:	The user establishes a calibration weight condition (in my case, 1.8 liters of water)
			and enters the weight value (in Kg).  The program then calculates the scale factor
			needed to calibrate the scale for the entered weight and then automatically
			drops into measurement mode
	Step5:	The user enters 'q' to quit measurements.

*/

/*
 * circuits4you.com
 * 2016 November 25
 * Load Cell HX711 Module Interface with Arduino to measure weight in Kgs
 Arduino
 pin
 2 -> HX711 CLK
 3 -> DOUT
 5V -> VCC
 GND -> GND

 Most any pin on the Arduino Uno will be compatible with DOUT/CLK.
 The HX711 board can be powered from 2.7V to 5V so the Arduino 5V power should be fine.
*/

#include "HX711.h"  //You must have this library in your arduino library folder
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can store the last calibration value in EEPROM
#include <elapsedMillis.h>

elapsedMillis sinceLastWaitMsg;
const int WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC = 1000; //1-sec intervals
const int MAX_WAITING_INTERVALS = 10; //how long to wait before starting measurement
int numWaitIntervals = 0;
char inbuf[20]; //buffer for user input 

#define DOUT  A1
#define CLK  A0

HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup
long tare_offset = 0;
bool bDoneMeasuring = false;
const int LED_PIN = 13;
const char* waitstr = "Waiting...Measurements will start in ";
const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;
const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);

void setup()
{
	delay(2000); //required to wait for Pro Micro to switch from programming to output serial port assignments
	Serial.begin(115200);

	pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

	memset(inbuf, 0, sizeof(inbuf));


	Serial.printf("Digital Scale Program\n");
	Serial.printf("Program to automatically calibrate HX711/Load Cell to measure weight in Kg\n");

	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

	if (isnan((float)calibration_factor))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to -96650\n");
		calibration_factor = -96650;
	}
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);


	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

	if (isnan((float)tare_offset))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to zero\n");
		tare_offset = 0;
	}
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	Serial.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\n");
	Serial.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (Y)?\n");

	if (GetUserInputStr(inbuf, 5)) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		Serial.printf("\nReceived "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from user");

		if (strncasecmp("Y", inbuf, 1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
		{
			//calibrate with known weights
			Serial.println("HX711 Calibration");
			Serial.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");
			Serial.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

			memset(inbuf, 0, sizeof(inbuf));
			if (GetUserInputStr(inbuf, 10)) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
			{
				Serial.printf("\nReceived "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from user");

				if (strncasecmp("T", inbuf, 1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
				{
					tare_offset = scale.read_average(); //Get a baseline reading
					Serial.printf("Applying offset %li as tare adjustment\n", tare_offset);
					scale.set_offset(tare_offset); //this value will be subtracted from all future measurements
					Serial.printf("Writing offset %li to EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
					EEPROM_writeAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

					EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);
					Serial.printf("Read offset %li from EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
				}
			}

			Serial.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");
			Serial.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

			memset(inbuf, 0, sizeof(inbuf));
			if (GetUserInputStr(inbuf, 30)) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
			{
				Serial.printf("\nReceived "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from user");

				//calculate scale factor resulting in user-input wt
				//wt(Kg) = (read_avg - OFFSET)/Scale
				//Scale = (read_avg - OFFSET)/wt(Kg)
				double wtKg = atof(inbuf);
				Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\n", wtKg);
				long read_avg = scale.read_average();
				long offset = scale.get_offset();
				calibration_factor = (double)(read_avg - offset) / wtKg;
				scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); //Adjust to this calibration factor

				Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",
					wtKg, read_avg, offset);
				Serial.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value


				EEPROM_writeAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
				Serial.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
				Serial.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);


				EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
				Serial.print("Read cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
				Serial.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);
			}
		}
	}

	Serial.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete... Starting Measurements\n\n");
	Serial.printf("\nTo quit measuring, enter 'Q'\n");
	Serial.printf("Time(mSec)\tWt(Kg)\n");

	bDoneMeasuring = false;
	while (!bDoneMeasuring)
	{

		Serial.printf("%lu\t%3.2f\n", millis(), scale.get_units(3));
		delay(250);

		if (Serial.available())
		{
			char temp = Serial.read();
			Serial.printf("got %c\n", temp);
			if (temp == 'q')
			{
				bDoneMeasuring = true; //all done
			}
		}
	}

	Serial.printf("Measurements Completed - Have a nice day!\n");
}

void loop()
{
}


bool GetUserInputStr(char* inbuf, int numWaitIntervals)
{
	//Purpose: Get user input
	//Inputs:
	//	inbuf = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input
	//Outputs:
	//	inbuf = String object containing user input. If inbuf.length() == 0, then the routine timed out
	//	returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out
	//Plan:
	//	Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first
	int intervalCount = 0;
	while (strlen(inbuf) <= 0 && intervalCount < numWaitIntervals)
	{
		Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', inbuf, 10);

		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount);
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	return (strlen(inbuf) > 0);
}

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Name: TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino

Created: 12/11/2018 8:47:58 PM