Digital Tension Scale, Part V

posted 09 January 2019,

In my previous post on this subject I described the components I planned to use for my Digital Tension Scale project, and also the design for a box that would mount directly on the S-shaped load cell assembly.

This post describes the ‘final’ (to the extent than anything I do can be considered final) assembly of the completed system into my 3D-printed housing, and the results of some initial battery-powered testing.

As shown in the following photos, the major components (Teensy 3.2 microcontroller, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, HX-711 load cell amp/A-D, and Sparkfun ‘Basic’ LiPo Charger) were mounted on perfboard, which was then in turn attached to the box lid via a set of custom-printed standoffs. A short piece of ribbon cable connects the Teensy to the LCD display. The general idea behind this physical layout is to allow easy access to the electronics for troubleshooting, and to allow for battery charging and/or Teensy programming without having to open the box.

3D-printed housing. Note the glow from the Sparkfun charger LED

View of housing showing the access port for supplying USB power and/or programming the Teensy

View with the lid and electronics board removed. The LCD display is face down in its cutout

Exploded view showing all system components

Showing connections from load cell to HX-711

Top view showing how load cell attaches to the housing

Closeup showing load cell lead routing and power/programming port

End view showing charging port

Preliminary Testing Results:

At this point I have everything running on battery power only inside the box, and I have been able to demonstrate remote data capture on my PC using the HC-05 BT link. The following image shows the data taken from my rowing machine, and a short video demonstrating the setup.

Complete Code:

Here is the complete Teensy 3.2 program as it stands today. As you can see if you inspect the code, I have the Teensy low-power stuff turned OFF for the moment (that’s the purpose of the ‘#define NO_SNOOZE’ statement.

/*
    Name:       TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino
    Created:	12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM
    Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank
*/

//12/27/18 Added bluetooth support via Serial1
//12/27/18 Added calibration code from TeensyDigitalCalibration.ino

/*
	Name:       DigitalScaleAutoCal.ino
	Created:	11/15/2018 4:49:12 PM
	Author:     FRANKWIN10\Frank

	This program is a modification of the November 2016 circuits4you.com program for interfacing
	with the HX711 Module coupled with a typical load cell.  It's purpose is to automatically
	calibrate the combination to accurately display weight in Kg.
	The process is as follows:
	Step1:	User opts to calibrate by entering 'Y' at the prompt.  Entering any other key (or
			just letting the question time out) will skip the calibration process
	Step2:  User establishes 'tare' weight physical configuration with any non-measured weight
			attached (in my case, the bucket used to hold measured amounts of water used for
			weight calibration), and then presses 'T' to zero out the 'tare weight'
	Step3:	The user establishes a calibration weight condition (in my case, 1.8 liters of water)
			and enters the weight value (in Kg).  The program then calculates the scale factor
			needed to calibrate the scale for the entered weight and then automatically
			drops into measurement mode
	Step5:	The user enters 'q' to quit measurements.

*/

/*
I need to combine the calibration code from TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino with this
program, so I can run the cal procedure by sending a character or two from my PC or phone.
No character, no calibration.
*/
#pragma region DEBUG_DEFINES
#define NO_SNOOZE

#pragma endregion Debugging Defines


#pragma region CAL_SUPPORT
#include <elapsedMillis.h>

elapsedMillis sinceLastWaitMsg;
const int WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC = 1000; //1-sec intervals
const int MAX_WAITING_INTERVALS = 10; //how long to wait before starting measurement
const int BUFLEN = 20;
int numWaitIntervals = 0;

char inbuf[BUFLEN]; //buffer for user input
char inbuf1[BUFLEN];//buffer for serial1 input

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
bool bDoneMeasuring = false;
const char* waitstr = "Waiting...Measurements will start in ";
#pragma endregion Calibration Support


#include <SPI.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP
//12/03/18 added for low power mode
#include <Snooze.h>
// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver
SnoozeTimer timer;
SnoozeUSBSerial usb;
SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);
const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;
const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;
//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;
//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;
const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;
const int BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN = 12;
int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL
#include "HX711.h"  //You must have this library in your arduino library folder
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM
#define DOUT  A1
#define CLK  A0
HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands
long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup
long tare_offset = 0;
const int LED_PIN = 13;
const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;
const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);
float scaleKg = 0;
float vBatt = 0;
#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY
// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):
// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read
// and written to during SPI transfer.  Be careful sharing these pins!
// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno
// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno
// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)
// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)
// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)
const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;
const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;
const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;
//const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;
const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;
//const int SPI_SCK_PIN = 12;
const int LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN = 3;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18
Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers
#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE
const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;
const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;
const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements
//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider
const int BATTV_READ_PIN = A7;
const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;
const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;
const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;
const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;
const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);
#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage



void setup() 
{
	Serial.begin(115200);
	delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

	Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

	Serial1.begin(9600);
	Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");


	//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM
	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	if (IsCalibrationRequired(5)) //number of time intervals to wait
	{
		if (DoCalibration(10, 20)) //01/03/19 added numwait params to sig
		{
			Serial.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");
			Serial1.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");
		}
		else
		{
			Serial.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");
			Serial1.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

		}


		Serial.printf("Time(mSec)\tWt(Kg)\n");
	}


	/********************************************************
	 Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.
	 ********************************************************/
	timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

	//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source
	analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);
	//initialize LCD display
	display.begin();
	display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark
	display.setTextSize(1);
	display.setTextColor(BLACK);
	display.setCursor(0, 0);

	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo
	delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec
	display.clearDisplay();   // clears the screen and buffer
	display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

	display.setCursor(0, 0);
	display.println("Hello LCD!");
	display.display();

	pinMode(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //enable the bluetooth module

	//01/09/19 make sure the backlight LED is OFF
	pinMode(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW);
}


void loop()
{
	//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.
	display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap
	display.setCursor(0, 0);
	vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();
	//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();
	scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);
	Serial1.printf("%5.3f\r\n", scaleKg); //to BT module
	Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console
	display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display
	display.display();

#ifndef NO_SNOOZE

	//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep
	if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts++;
		if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
		{
			numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up
	}

	if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)
	{
		Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());
		delay(1000); //needed to get the print out the door before sleeping

		//01/04/18 added to disable bluetooth module while sleeping
		digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, LOW);
		display.clearDisplay();
		display.display();
		Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep
	}

#endif // !NO_SNOOZE

	if (digitalRead(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN) == LOW)
	{
		digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //re-enable the BT module
	}

	delay(100);
}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()
{
	float kG = scale.get_units(3);
	//float kG = (float)random(0,40);
	display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");
	return kG;
}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()
{
	int batt_counts = analogRead(BATTV_READ_PIN);
	float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;
	display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");
	UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);
	return batt_volts;
}


void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)
{
	//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state
	//Inputs: 
	//	vbatt = current battery voltage
	//	FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage
	//	DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage
	//	BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims
	//Outputs: Updated battery symbol
	//Plan:
	//	Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	//	Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	//	Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline
	display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state
	float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;
	int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);
	//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);
	display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

	//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol
	if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)
	{
		//try drawing lines from corner to corner
		int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;
		int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;
		int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;
		int urY = ulY;
		int lrX = urX;
		int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;
		int llX = ulX;
		int llY = lrY;

		display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);
		display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);
	}
}

bool IsCalibrationRequired(int numWaitIntervals)
{
	//Purpose:  Determine if the user wishes to run the cal procedure
	//Inputs: Serial and Serial1 (Serial is the normal PC serial port, Serial1 is Bluetooth
	//Outputs: returns TRUE if a 'y/Y' is received from either serial port within a 
	//		   few seconds of power-up.
	//Plan:
	//	Step1:  Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports
	//	Step2:	Watch for activity until timeout expires.  If nothing received,
	//			return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

	bool result = false;

//Step1:  Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

	//normal PC serial monitor port
	Serial.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\n");
	Serial.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\n");

	//Bluetooth serial port
	Serial1.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\r\n");
	Serial1.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\r\n");

	//Step2:  Watch for activity until timeout expires.  If nothing received,
	//			return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE
	int intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);
	Serial.printf("inbuf = %s, inbuf1 = %s\n", inbuf, inbuf1);


	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numWaitIntervals) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	Serial.printf("Received %s from Serial, %s from Serial1\n", inbuf, inbuf1);
	if (strncasecmp("Y", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("Y",inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
	{
		result = true;
	}

	return result;
}


bool GetUserInputStr0(char* inbuf)
{
	//Purpose: Get user input from Serial0
	//Inputs:
	//	inbuf = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input
	//Outputs:
	//	inbuf = String object containing user input.
	//	returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out
	//Plan:
	//	Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first
	//Notes:
	//	12/27/18 modified to work with both Serial & Serial1 ports.  We assume that 
	//			 userinput is coming from one port or the other, but not both
	//	01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

	//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr0\n");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

	int readbyte = 0;
	int charidx = 0;
	while (Serial.available() && charidx < 100)
	{
		readbyte = Serial.read();
		inbuf[charidx] = readbyte;
		charidx++;
	}

	if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)
	{
		Serial.print("Received "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from Serial0");
	}

	return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf) > 0);
}

bool GetUserInputStr1(char* inbuf1)
{
	//Purpose: Get user input from Serial1
	//Inputs:
	//	inbuf1 = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input from Serial1
	//Outputs:
	//	inbuf1 = String object containing user input from Serial1.
	//	returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out
	//Plan:
	//	Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first
	//Notes:
	//	12/30/18 coped from GetUserInput & modified to work with Serial1 ports
	//	01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

	//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr1\n");

	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

	int readbyte = 0;
	int charidx = 0;
	while (Serial1.available() && charidx < 100)
	{
		readbyte = Serial1.read();
		inbuf1[charidx] = readbyte;
		charidx++;
	}

	if (strlen(inbuf1) > 0)
	{
		Serial1.print("Received "); Serial1.print(inbuf1); Serial1.println(" from Serial1");
	}
	return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf1) > 0);
}

bool DoCalibration(int numwait_tare, int numwait_weight)
{
	Serial.printf("Digital Scale Program\n");
	Serial.printf("Program to automatically calibrate HX711/Load Cell to measure weight in Kg\n");

	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

	if (isnan((float)calibration_factor))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to -96650\n");
		calibration_factor = -96650;
	}
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

	EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM
	Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

	if (isnan((float)tare_offset))
	{
		Serial.printf("invalid cal factor:  Setting to zero\n");
		tare_offset = 0;
	}
	scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

	//calibrate with known weights
	Serial.println("HX711 Calibration");
	Serial.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");
	Serial.println("Or any other character to skip this step");
	Serial1.println("HX711 Calibration");
	Serial1.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");
	Serial1.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

	int intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;
	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numwait_tare) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	if (strncasecmp("T", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("T", inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended
	{
		tare_offset = scale.read_average(); //Get a baseline reading
		Serial.printf("Applying offset %li as tare adjustment\n", tare_offset);
		scale.set_offset(tare_offset); //this value will be subtracted from all future measurements
		Serial.printf("Writing offset %li to EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
		EEPROM_writeAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

		EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);
		Serial.printf("Read offset %li from EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);
	}

	Serial.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");
	Serial.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

	Serial1.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");
	Serial1.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

	memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);
	memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);
	intervalCount = 0;
	sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

	while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)
		&& intervalCount < numwait_weight) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0
	{
		if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)
		{
			sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;
			intervalCount++;
			Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount);
			Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount); //bluetooth
		}
		delay(250);
	}

	//calculate scale factor resulting in user-input wt
	//wt(Kg) = (read_avg - OFFSET)/Scale
	//Scale = (read_avg - OFFSET)/wt(Kg)

	double wtKg = 0;
	if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)
	{
		wtKg = atof(inbuf);
		Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\n", wtKg);
	}
	else if(strlen(inbuf1) > 0)
	{
		wtKg = atof(inbuf1);
		Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\r\n", wtKg);
	}
	else
	{
		Serial.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\n");
		Serial1.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\r\n");
	}

	long read_avg = scale.read_average();
	long offset = scale.get_offset();
	calibration_factor = (double)(read_avg - offset) / wtKg;
	scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); //Adjust to this calibration factor

	Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",
		wtKg, read_avg, offset);
	Serial.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

	Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",
		wtKg, read_avg, offset);
	Serial1.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

	EEPROM_writeAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
	Serial.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);
	Serial1.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial1.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);


	EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);
	Serial.print("Read cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);
	Serial1.print("Read cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor
	Serial1.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

	Serial.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\n");
	Serial1.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\r\n");

	return true;
}

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Name: TeensyLowPowerDigitalScale.ino

Created: 12/2/2018 9:43:43 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

//12/27/18 Added bluetooth support via Serial1

//12/27/18 Added calibration code from TeensyDigitalCalibration.ino

Name: DigitalScaleAutoCal.ino

Created: 11/15/2018 4:49:12 PM

Author: FRANKWIN10\Frank

This program is a modification of the November 2016 circuits4you.com program for interfacing

with the HX711 Module coupled with a typical load cell. It's purpose is to automatically

calibrate the combination to accurately display weight in Kg.

The process is as follows:

Step1: User opts to calibrate by entering 'Y' at the prompt. Entering any other key (or

just letting the question time out) will skip the calibration process

Step2: User establishes 'tare' weight physical configuration with any non-measured weight

attached (in my case, the bucket used to hold measured amounts of water used for

weight calibration), and then presses 'T' to zero out the 'tare weight'

Step3: The user establishes a calibration weight condition (in my case, 1.8 liters of water)

and enters the weight value (in Kg). The program then calculates the scale factor

needed to calibrate the scale for the entered weight and then automatically

drops into measurement mode

Step5: The user enters 'q' to quit measurements.

I need to combine the calibration code from TeensyDigitalScaleCalibration.ino with this

program, so I can run the cal procedure by sending a character or two from my PC or phone.

No character, no calibration.

#pragma region DEBUG_DEFINES

#define NO_SNOOZE

#pragma endregion Debugging Defines

#pragma region CAL_SUPPORT

#include <elapsedMillis.h>

elapsedMillis sinceLastWaitMsg;

const int WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC = 1000; //1-sec intervals

const int MAX_WAITING_INTERVALS = 10; //how long to wait before starting measurement

const int BUFLEN = 20;

int numWaitIntervals = 0;

char inbuf[BUFLEN]; //buffer for user input

char inbuf1[BUFLEN];//buffer for serial1 input

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands

bool bDoneMeasuring = false;

const char* waitstr = "Waiting...Measurements will start in ";

#pragma endregion Calibration Support

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>

#pragma region LOW_POWER_SUPP

//12/03/18 added for low power mode

#include <Snooze.h>

// Load just the 'timer' wake-up driver

SnoozeTimer timer;

SnoozeUSBSerial usb;

SnoozeBlock config_teensy32(usb, timer);

const int SLEEP_TIME_MSEC = 5000;

const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = 1.f;

//const float INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG = -10.f;

//const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 100;

const int MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT = 20;

const int BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN = 12;

int numInactiveScaleCounts = 0;

#pragma endregion Low Power Support

#pragma region LOAD_CELL

#include "HX711.h" //You must have this library in your arduino library folder

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include<EEPROMAnything.h> //so I can read the last calibration value from EEPROM

#define DOUT A1

#define CLK A0

HX711 scale(DOUT, CLK);

//Change this calibration factor as per your load cell once it is found. You many need to vary it in thousands

long calibration_factor = -96650; //-106600 worked for my 40Kg max scale setup

long tare_offset = 0;

const int LED_PIN = 13;

const int CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR = 0;

const int TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR = CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR + sizeof(calibration_factor);

float scaleKg = 0;

float vBatt = 0;

#pragma endregion Load Cell Support

#pragma region LCD_DISPLAY

// Hardware SPI (faster, but must use certain hardware pins):

// Note with hardware SPI MISO and SS pins aren't used but will still be read

// and written to during SPI transfer. Be careful sharing these pins!

// SCK is LCD serial clock (SCLK) - this is pin 13 on Arduino Uno

// MOSI is LCD DIN - this is pin 11 on an Arduino Uno

// pin 6 - Data/Command select (D/C)

// pin 5 - LCD chip select (CS)

// pin 4 - LCD reset (RST)

const int LCD_DC_PIN = 6;

const int LCD_CS_PIN = 5;

const int LCD_RST_PIN = 4;

//const int SPI_DOUT_PIN = 11;

const int SPI_SCK_PIN = A0;

//const int SPI_SCK_PIN = 12;

const int LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN = 3;

//Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(6, 5, 4);//11/25/18

Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(LCD_DC_PIN, LCD_CS_PIN, LCD_RST_PIN);//12/16/18 chg to identifiers

#pragma endregion Noki LCD Display

#pragma region BATT_FUEL_GUAGE

const int BATT_SYMBOL_X = 68;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_Y = 1;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_H = 8;

const int BATT_SYMBOL_W = 16;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_HEIGHT = 8;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_WIDTH = 5;

const int DEFAULT_CHAR_SIZE = 2;

//added 12/03/18 for battV measurements

//12/06/18 changed to internal 1.2V reference and 30K:10K divider

const int BATTV_READ_PIN = A7;

const int DEAD_BATT_COUNTS = 642;

const int FULL_BATT_COUNTS = 887;

const float FULL_BATT_VOLTS = 4.2;

const float DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = 3.0;

const float VOLTS_PER_COUNT = (FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / (FULL_BATT_COUNTS - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS);

#pragma endregion Battery Fuel Guage

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(115200);

delay(1000); //need this to get serial printout

Serial.println("Welcome to the Teensy Low Power Digital Scale Program");

Serial1.begin(9600);

Serial1.println("Welcome via Bluetooth!");

//initialize load cell and retrieve cal/tar values from EEPROM

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

if (IsCalibrationRequired(5)) //number of time intervals to wait

{

if (DoCalibration(10, 20)) //01/03/19 added numwait params to sig

{

Serial.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibration completed successfully... Starting Measurements\n\n");

}

else

{

Serial.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibration Failed - Measurements may be invalid!\n\n");

}

Serial.printf("Time(mSec)\tWt(Kg)\n");

}

/********************************************************

Set Low Power Timer wake up in milliseconds.

********************************************************/

timer.setTimer(SLEEP_TIME_MSEC);// milliseconds

//12/04/18 added code to set analog reference to internal 1.2V source

analogReference(INTERNAL1V1);

//initialize LCD display

display.begin();

display.setContrast(60); //pretty dark

display.setTextSize(1);

display.setTextColor(BLACK);

display.setCursor(0, 0);

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

delay(1000); //show Adafruit logo for 1 sec

display.clearDisplay(); // clears the screen and buffer

display.display(); //first time - shows the Adafruit logo

display.setCursor(0, 0);

display.println("Hello LCD!");

display.display();

pinMode(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //enable the bluetooth module

//01/09/19 make sure the backlight LED is OFF

pinMode(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW);

}

void loop()

{

//12/06/18 now using 30K/10K voltage divider on A7 and 1.2V ref.

display.clearDisplay(); //clear memory bitmap

display.setCursor(0, 0);

vBatt = UpdateBatteryDisplay();

//scaleKg = UpdateScaleDisplay();

scaleKg = scale.get_units(3);

Serial1.printf("%5.3f\r\n", scaleKg); //to BT module

Serial.printf("%5.3f\n", scaleKg); //to serial console

display.print(scaleKg); display.println(" Kg");//to LCD display

display.display();

#ifndef NO_SNOOZE

//if the scale has been quiet for a while, go to sleep

if (scaleKg <= INACTIVE_SCALE_THRESHOLD_KG)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts++;

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT;

}

else

{

numInactiveScaleCounts = 0; //one active measurment wakes everything up

}

if (numInactiveScaleCounts >= MIN_INACTIVE_SCALE_COUNT)

{

Serial.printf("Going to sleep at %li mSec\n", millis());

delay(1000); //needed to get the print out the door before sleeping

//01/04/18 added to disable bluetooth module while sleeping

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, LOW);

display.clearDisplay();

display.display();

Snooze.sleep(config_teensy32); //sleep

}

#endif // !NO_SNOOZE

if (digitalRead(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN) == LOW)

{

digitalWrite(BLUETOOTH_POWER_PIN, HIGH); //re-enable the BT module

}

delay(100);

}

float UpdateScaleDisplay()

{

float kG = scale.get_units(3);

//float kG = (float)random(0,40);

display.print(kG); display.println(" Kg");

return kG;

}

float UpdateBatteryDisplay()

{

int batt_counts = analogRead(BATTV_READ_PIN);

float batt_volts = DEAD_BATT_VOLTS + (batt_counts - DEAD_BATT_COUNTS) * VOLTS_PER_COUNT;

display.print(batt_volts); display.println(" V");

UpdateBatterySymbol(batt_volts);

return batt_volts;

}

void UpdateBatterySymbol(float vbatt)

{

//Purpose: Update the battery symbol to show current charge state

//Inputs:

// vbatt = current battery voltage

// FULL_BATT_VOLTS = fully charged battery voltage

// DEAD_BATT_VOLTS = fully discharged battery voltage

// BATT_SYMBOL_X/Y/H/W = battery symbol loc/dims

//Outputs: Updated battery symbol

//Plan:

// Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

// Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

// Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

//Step1: draw open rect for battery symbol outline

display.drawRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, BATT_SYMBOL_W, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step2: draw filled rect indicating charge state

float Vrange = FULL_BATT_VOLTS - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS;

int fillWidth = (int)(BATT_SYMBOL_W * ((vbatt - DEAD_BATT_VOLTS) / Vrange) + 0.5f);

//Serial.printf("vbat, fillW = %4.2f,%d\n", vbatt, fillWidth);

display.fillRect(BATT_SYMBOL_X, BATT_SYMBOL_Y, fillWidth, BATT_SYMBOL_H, 1);

//Step3: If vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS, draw 'X' over symbol

if (vbatt <= DEAD_BATT_VOLTS)

{

//try drawing lines from corner to corner

int ulX = BATT_SYMBOL_X;

int ulY = BATT_SYMBOL_Y;

int urX = BATT_SYMBOL_X + BATT_SYMBOL_W;

int urY = ulY;

int lrX = urX;

int lrY = urY + BATT_SYMBOL_H;

int llX = ulX;

int llY = lrY;

display.drawLine(ulX, ulY, lrX, lrY, 1);

display.drawLine(llX, llY, urX, urY, 1);

}

bool IsCalibrationRequired(int numWaitIntervals)

{

//Purpose: Determine if the user wishes to run the cal procedure

//Inputs: Serial and Serial1 (Serial is the normal PC serial port, Serial1 is Bluetooth

//Outputs: returns TRUE if a 'y/Y' is received from either serial port within a

// few seconds of power-up.

//Plan:

// Step1: Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

// Step2: Watch for activity until timeout expires. If nothing received,

// return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

bool result = false;

//Step1: Send the 'do you wish to calibrate' message to both ports

//normal PC serial monitor port

Serial.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\n");

Serial.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\n");

//Bluetooth serial port

Serial1.printf("Enter 'Y' to start the calibration, any other key to skip\r\n");

Serial1.printf("Calibrate (Y/N) (N)?\r\n");

//Step2: Watch for activity until timeout expires. If nothing received,

// return FALSE. If a 'y' or 'Y' is received, return TRUE

int intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

Serial.printf("inbuf = %s, inbuf1 = %s\n", inbuf, inbuf1);

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numWaitIntervals) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numWaitIntervals - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

Serial.printf("Received %s from Serial, %s from Serial1\n", inbuf, inbuf1);

if (strncasecmp("Y", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("Y",inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended

{

result = true;

}

return result;

}

bool GetUserInputStr0(char* inbuf)

{

//Purpose: Get user input from Serial0

//Inputs:

// inbuf = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input

//Outputs:

// inbuf = String object containing user input.

// returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out

//Plan:

// Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first

//Notes:

// 12/27/18 modified to work with both Serial & Serial1 ports. We assume that

// userinput is coming from one port or the other, but not both

// 01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr0\n");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

int readbyte = 0;

int charidx = 0;

while (Serial.available() && charidx < 100)

{

readbyte = Serial.read();

inbuf[charidx] = readbyte;

charidx++;

}

if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)

{

Serial.print("Received "); Serial.print(inbuf); Serial.println(" from Serial0");

}

return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf) > 0);

}

bool GetUserInputStr1(char* inbuf1)

{

//Purpose: Get user input from Serial1

//Inputs:

// inbuf1 = pointer to char[10] array to receive user input from Serial1

//Outputs:

// inbuf1 = String object containing user input from Serial1.

// returns True if user input was received, False if the routine timed out

//Plan:

// Wait for user input or timeout whichever occurs first

//Notes:

// 12/30/18 coped from GetUserInput & modified to work with Serial1 ports

// 01/02/19 re-written for cleaner code

//Serial1.printf("In GetUserInputStr1\n");

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

int readbyte = 0;

int charidx = 0;

while (Serial1.available() && charidx < 100)

{

readbyte = Serial1.read();

inbuf1[charidx] = readbyte;

charidx++;

}

if (strlen(inbuf1) > 0)

{

Serial1.print("Received "); Serial1.print(inbuf1); Serial1.println(" from Serial1");

}

return (charidx < 100 && strlen(inbuf1) > 0);

}

bool DoCalibration(int numwait_tare, int numwait_weight)

{

Serial.printf("Digital Scale Program\n");

Serial.printf("Program to automatically calibrate HX711/Load Cell to measure weight in Kg\n");

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor); //read current cal scale from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored scale calibration factor is %li\n", calibration_factor);

if (isnan((float)calibration_factor))

{

Serial.printf("invalid cal factor: Setting to -96650\n");

calibration_factor = -96650;

}

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset); //read current tare offset from EEPROM

Serial.printf("The current stored tare offset factor is %li\n", tare_offset);

if (isnan((float)tare_offset))

{

Serial.printf("invalid cal factor: Setting to zero\n");

tare_offset = 0;

}

scale.set_offset(tare_offset);

//calibrate with known weights

Serial.println("HX711 Calibration");

Serial.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");

Serial.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

Serial1.println("HX711 Calibration");

Serial1.println("Remove all non-fixture weight from scale, and press 't' to zero the scale");

Serial1.println("Or any other character to skip this step");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

int intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numwait_tare) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_tare - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

if (strncasecmp("T", inbuf, 1) == 0 || strncasecmp("T", inbuf1,1) == 0) //compare only 1st chars, as user input may have CR/LF appended

{

tare_offset = scale.read_average(); //Get a baseline reading

Serial.printf("Applying offset %li as tare adjustment\n", tare_offset);

scale.set_offset(tare_offset); //this value will be subtracted from all future measurements

Serial.printf("Writing offset %li to EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);

EEPROM_writeAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

EEPROM_readAnything(TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR, tare_offset);

Serial.printf("Read offset %li from EEPROM address %d\n", tare_offset, TARE_OFFSET_EEPROM_ADDR);

}

Serial.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");

Serial.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

Serial1.println("Apply a known weight (the higher the better) and enter its value in Kg");

Serial1.println("Enter 0 to skip this step");

memset(inbuf, 0, BUFLEN);

memset(inbuf1, 0, BUFLEN);

intervalCount = 0;

sinceLastWaitMsg = 0;

while (!GetUserInputStr0(inbuf) && !GetUserInputStr1(inbuf1)

&& intervalCount < numwait_weight) //returns true if strlen(inbuf) > 0

{

if (sinceLastWaitMsg >= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC)

{

sinceLastWaitMsg -= WAITINGMSGINTERVALMSEC;

intervalCount++;

Serial.printf("%s %d\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount);

Serial1.printf("%s %d\r\n", waitstr, numwait_weight - intervalCount); //bluetooth

}

delay(250);

}

//calculate scale factor resulting in user-input wt

//wt(Kg) = (read_avg - OFFSET)/Scale

//Scale = (read_avg - OFFSET)/wt(Kg)

double wtKg = 0;

if (strlen(inbuf) > 0)

{

wtKg = atof(inbuf);

Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\n", wtKg);

}

else if(strlen(inbuf1) > 0)

{

wtKg = atof(inbuf1);

Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f\r\n", wtKg);

}

else

{

Serial.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\n");

Serial1.printf("No user input detected - using 0.00Kg\r\n");

}

long read_avg = scale.read_average();

long offset = scale.get_offset();

calibration_factor = (double)(read_avg - offset) / wtKg;

scale.set_scale(calibration_factor); //Adjust to this calibration factor

Serial.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",

wtKg, read_avg, offset);

Serial.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

Serial1.printf("User weight input was %4.2f, read_avg = %li, offset = %li, cal = ",

wtKg, read_avg, offset);

Serial1.println(calibration_factor); //PrintEx won't print the cal factor value

EEPROM_writeAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);

Serial.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial1.print("Wrote cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial1.printf(" to EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

EEPROM_readAnything(CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR, calibration_factor);

Serial.print("Read cal factor "); Serial.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial1.print("Read cal factor "); Serial1.print(calibration_factor); //Serial.printf doesn't work for cal factor

Serial1.printf(" from EEPROM address %d\r\n", CAL_FACTOR_EEPROM_ADDR);

Serial.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\n");

Serial1.printf("\n\nCalibration Complete\r\n");

return true;

}

Schematic:

Future Work:

Do some more work to reduce power consumption to extend the battery life. I got the ‘Snooze’ feature to work on the Teensy, but that only reduces the Teensy’s power consumption; it does nothing directly to reduce the power consumption of the other components. I tried using a MOSFET to turn the HC-05 BT module on & off, and found this to be impractical, as then the module loses its connection to the remote data collection device. I have also tried removing power from the LCD module, but that also turned out to be problematic.

Stay tuned,

Frank

Post Views: 1,410

Paynter's Palace

Digital Tension Scale, Part V

Preliminary Testing Results:

Complete Code:

Schematic:

Future Work:

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